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Alabama grants legal status to DAOs under DUNA Act

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Alabama grants legal status to DAOs under DUNA Act

Alabama has become the second state in the United States to grant legal status to decentralized autonomous organizations under the Decentralized Unincorporated Nonprofit Association Act.

Summary

  • Alabama granted legal status to decentralized autonomous organizations under the DUNA Act, becoming the second US state after Wyoming to do so.
  • The law provides DAOs with legal recognition and limited liability protections, allowing them to operate, contract, and hold assets within a defined legal framework.

The DUNA Act, introduced in February by Republican Senator Lance Bell, provides legal recognition and limited liability protections to DAOs after passing 82-7 with 16 abstentions on March 17.

According to data from CoinLaw, there are over 13,000 DAOs across the globe, with roughly $24.5 billion worth of assets under their control. The key goal behind this framework is to offer clarity on how DAOs exist and operate within the legal system.

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Alabama Governor Kay Ivey has now signed the bill into law, according to a16z Crypto’s head of policy and general counsel, Miles Jennings.

In a recent X post, Jennings said, “Decentralized governance is essential to crypto’s future—it’s one of the core constructs in market structure legislation.”

The bill will give decentralized communities “the certainty to build, govern, contract, and scale in the real world,” Jennings explained.

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However, there are certain requirements that organizations must meet to qualify as a DAO. First, a DAO must have at least 100 members for a common nonprofit purpose, such as governing a blockchain network or smart contract system.

These entities can operate through blockchain technology and smart contracts, and voting, proposals, and consensus mechanisms can all be stored on-chain. Such entities will have full legal entity status, which means they can own property, enter into contracts, and sue or be sued.

This will offer individual members protection from personal liability in cases of disputes arising from DAO operations.

“As federal crypto market structure legislation moves closer to becoming law, builders need effective domestic legal structures,” Jennings said.

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Back in 2024, Wyoming became the first state to grant legal status to DAOs under the DUNA Act.

Earlier this month, a similar DUNA bill was introduced in West Virginia by Representative Tristan Leavitt in February and is now awaiting the governor’s signature.

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Crypto World

Tesla’s bitcoin stash loses $173M in Q1 as BTC price drops

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Tesla's bitcoin stash loses $173M in Q1 as BTC price drops

Elon Musk’s Tesla’s (TSLA) bitcoin holdings were unchanged in the first quarter of 2026, with the company continuing to hold its 11,509 BTC stockpile.

The company booked an after-tax impairment loss of $173 million on its digital asset holdings, according to its first quarter earnings report.

The value of that stash declined as bitcoin fell from around $90,000 at the start of the year to roughly $68,000 by the end of March.

Tesla reported better-than-expected earnings but missed on revenue. For the first quarter, the firm reported revenue of $22.39 billion, slightly below than analyst estimates of $22.71 billion. Earnings per share came in at $0.41, higher than consensus forecast of $0.37.

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TSLA stock was trading 4% higher in after-hours trading.

Tesla’s bitcoin journey

Tesla initially bought bitcoin in February 2021, acquiring 43,200 BTC for roughly $1.5 billion. About a month later, the company sold around 4,320 BTC, roughly 10% of its position, to test market liquidity.

By July 2022, amid the bear market, Tesla had cut its position to 9,720 BTC. A small increase in January 2025 brought holdings to 11,509 BTC, where they have remained since.

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Kalshi Selects Pyth to Set Prices for Commodities Trades

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Kalshi Selects Pyth to Set Prices for Commodities Trades

Oracle network Pyth Network has been selected as the resolution data source for Kalshi’s expansion into commodities markets, underscoring the growing focus on reliable pricing infrastructure in event-based trading.

Kalshi said on Wednesday that Pyth will supply real-time pricing data for its newly launched commodities hub, which debuted in April. The data will be used to determine how event contracts tied to commodity prices are settled.

The move reflects a broader push among prediction market platforms to strengthen backend infrastructure as they expand into more complex asset classes. Accurate, tamper-resistant data feeds are critical for ensuring fair and transparent contract resolution, particularly in markets tied to real-world financial benchmarks.

Kalshi’s commodities hub allows users to trade event contracts linked to physical assets, including gold, silver, oil, copper and key agricultural products. Pyth’s price feeds will serve as the source of truth for determining contract outcomes.

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Source: Pyth Network

Pyth has also been selected by rival prediction market Polymarket to provide price feeds for equities and commodities.

Pyth Network is a decentralized oracle that delivers real-time market data to blockchain applications. As Cointelegraph recently reported, Pyth has also recently deployed infrastructure that enables institutions to publish and monetize proprietary data across multiple networks.

Related: Kalshi mulls crypto expansion with perpetual futures launch: Report

Kalshi’s federal status faces state pushback

Kalshi is rolling out these changes as it seeks to bring more structure to the fast-growing prediction market sector. The company is regulated by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a designated contract market, meaning it is approved to offer trading in derivatives contracts under federal oversight, similar to a traditional exchange.

State regulators have pushed back on Kalshi and other prediction platforms, arguing that some contracts resemble unlicensed gambling or fall outside existing derivatives rules. 

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However, the US Department of Justice and the CFTC recently asked a federal court to block Arizona from enforcing state gambling laws against Kalshi’s contracts, signaling support for federal jurisdiction in this area.

The dispute comes as prediction market activity has grown sharply over the past two years, drawing in new entrants from both traditional finance and the crypto sector.

Related: After Kalshi appeal, prediction markets fight could head to US Supreme Court