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Bitcoin’s quantum fight pits Adam Back against coin-freeze proposal

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Bitcoin traders face possible 70% drawdown with $38k target in play

Summary

  • Blockstream CEO Adam Back backs “optional” quantum-resistant upgrades and rejects freezing quantum‑vulnerable wallets.
  • His stance clashes with BIP‑361, a three‑phase plan that would eventually invalidate legacy signatures and freeze unmigrated coins, including Satoshi’s stash.
  • The debate highlights how Bitcoin must balance intergenerational security against hard limits on property rights and censorship resistance.

Bitcoin’s (BTC) long‑running debate over the quantum computing threat has flared again after Blockstream CEO Adam Back used Paris Blockchain Week to argue for optional, opt‑in upgrades instead of forcibly freezing old wallets. “Preparation is much safer than hasty responses in a crisis,” Back said, insisting that the network should build quantum‑resistant paths now while preserving user choice and property rights.

Back described today’s quantum computers as “essentially lab experiments” and noted he has followed the field for more than 25 years, during which progress has been “incremental,” but warned that Bitcoin cannot afford to wait until a real‑world break occurs. He also pushed back on calls to lock down coins by protocol fiat, arguing that the Bitcoin community has shown it can coordinate under pressure and that “bugs have been identified and fixed within hours” in past emergencies.

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Back’s comments directly contrast with BIP‑361, “Post‑Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset,” a proposal from Jameson Lopp and five co‑authors that would gradually phase out quantum‑vulnerable outputs and ultimately freeze unmigrated coins. The draft, which builds on BIP‑360’s soft‑fork framework, introduces a quantum‑resistant output type and targets early formats such as pay‑to‑public‑key (P2PK) addresses that expose public keys on‑chain.

Estimates cited by CoinMarketCap and other publications say roughly 1.7 million BTC — about 34% of total supply, including Satoshi Nakamoto’s early holdings valued around $70–$80 billion at current prices — still sit in quantum‑exposed address types. Under BIP‑361’s three‑phase schedule, Phase A would begin three years after activation and ban new payments to legacy addresses, while still allowing spending from them.

Five years after activation, Phase B would go further by rendering old ECDSA and Schnorr signatures invalid, meaning any coins that had not been migrated to quantum‑resistant outputs would be effectively frozen on the network. Lopp and co‑authors frame this as necessary to prevent “intergenerational theft” by a future quantum adversary and to avoid a scenario where an attacker can seize dormant wallets and crash trust in Bitcoin’s fixed‑supply narrative.

Back and other critics counter that deliberately freezing coins crosses a red line for decentralization and censorship resistance, amounting to protocol‑level expropriation even if done in the name of security. They argue that Bitcoin has historically relied on social consensus and voluntary upgrades, and that the community should instead focus on offering robust quantum‑safe options, education and incentives so users migrate out of genuine self‑interest rather than under threat of losing control over their funds.

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In previous crypto.news coverage of protocol‑level governance battles and hard‑fork debates, similar tensions have surfaced between risk‑mitigation schemes and the movement’s founding principles, from block‑size wars to taproot activation. The quantum fight, now centered on BIP‑361 and Back’s rival vision of optional defenses, is shaping up as the next major test of how far Bitcoiners are willing to go to “save” the network without breaking what made it attractive in the first place.

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Hyperbridge Confirms Bridged Polkadot Exploit Was 10x Worse Than First Reported

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Hyperbridge Confirms Bridged Polkadot Exploit Was 10x Worse Than First Reported

Hyperbridge has revised losses from its April 13 exploit to roughly $2.5 million. That is about 10 times the original estimate of $237,000.

The team disclosed the new figure in a post-incident update on April 16. The revision adds losses from associated incentive pools. It also reflects forensic work across four EVM chains.

What the Revised Figure Includes

According to initial reports, an attacker minted 1 billion bridged DOT tokens and liquidated the entire amount in a single transaction, generating 108.2 ETH (roughly $237,000).

However, the team noted that the figure did not reflect the complete situation.

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“Following reconciliation of attacker activity across each of the four chains, the two-phase nature of the attack, and losses from the associated incentive pools, the revised total realized loss is approximately $2.5 million, denominated in ETH and DOT at the time of the exploit,” the blog read.

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The analysis also clarified the sequence of events leading to the breach. What looked like a single exploit was in fact two linked events about an hour apart.

The attacker initially extracted approximately 245 ETH from the Token Gateway contract. Roughly an hour later, they carried out unauthorized minting of nearly 1 billion bridged DOT tokens.

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These were subsequently offloaded into available liquidity across decentralized exchanges.

“On April 13, 2026, an attacker exploited a vulnerability in the Merkle Mountain Range (MMR) proof verification logic, allowing the culprit to mint assets and drain escrowed assets on Token Gateway. This affected DOT token pools on connected EVM networks: Ethereum, Base, BNB Chain, and Arbitrum,” the team explained.

The team emphasized that the exploit remains contained within the Token Gateway and the impacted bridged token contracts on the EVM networks.

Hyperbridge Recovery Path and Compensation

The blog revealed that a significant portion of stolen funds has been traced to Binance. Hyperbridge said it is working with the exchange’s compliance team and law enforcement on asset freezes. The team cautioned that meaningful recovery could take months to a year.

If recovery falls short, affected users will be made whole in BRIDGE tokens, the native asset of the Hyperbridge network. The compensation mechanism and disbursement schedule will be shared on April 13, 2027, exactly one year after the exploit.

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“Pursuing recovery first, before any token-based compensation, is in service of affected users. Issuing token compensation prematurely, before on-chain tracing, exchange compliance processes, and law enforcement coordination have been given the time they need to produce results, would dilute the very asset we are committing to affected users and reduce the real value they ultimately receive,” Hyperbridge mentioned.

The team added that the Token Gateway remains paused and will not resume operations until the vulnerability is fully patched, the fix has undergone an independent audit with the report made public, and additional safeguards are implemented and operational. The coming months will test whether Hyperbridge can recover a meaningful share of the stolen funds.

The post Hyperbridge Confirms Bridged Polkadot Exploit Was 10x Worse Than First Reported appeared first on BeInCrypto.

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Bitcoin Miners Sell Record 32K BTC in Q1 2026 as Hashprice Pressure Mounts

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

TLDR:

  • Public miners sold over 32,000 BTC in Q1 2026, breaking the previous record set during the 2022 Terra-Luna collapse..
  • Hashprice sits near $33/PH/s/day, below the ~$35 breakeven, leaving roughly 20% of miners operating at a loss.
  • American Bitcoin holds 7,000+ BTC with $25/PH/s production costs, choosing accumulation over selling amid the downturn.
  • New West Data pays under $0.02/kWh using flared gas power, keeping older mining hardware profitable at current hashprice levels.

Public bitcoin miners have unloaded over 32,000 BTC in Q1 2026, setting a new quarterly record. This figure already surpasses total net sales for all of 2025.

Major operators including MARA, CleanSpark, Riot, Cango, Core Scientific, and Bitdeer contributed to the tally. Hashprice currently sits around $33 per PH/s per day, below the estimated $35 breakeven.

Roughly 20% of miners are now operating at a loss amid rising network difficulty and reduced block rewards.

Record Liquidations Reflect Deepening Mining Pressures

The Q1 2026 sell-off exceeds even the roughly 20,000 BTC liquidated during Q2 2022. That quarter saw market turmoil triggered by the Terra-Luna collapse.

The scale of current selling marks a sharp reversal from just over a year ago. Miners ended 2024 with a net addition of 17,593 BTC, pushing combined reserves above 100,000 BTC.

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Network difficulty today stands approximately ten times higher than it did in 2021. Block rewards were also cut in half following the 2024 halving event.

Bitcoin’s price remains above its previous cycle peak despite retreating from all-time highs above $120,000. Even so, compressed margins are forcing many operators to liquidate holdings to fund daily operations.

For many miners, selling bitcoin remains the fastest way to shore up balance sheets. Meeting debt obligations in a selective financing environment has become a pressing priority.

Hashprice hovering near all-time lows leaves little room for operators with older, less efficient fleets. Those paying higher electricity costs face the sharpest margin compression.

Total BTC holdings across miners have slipped from roughly 1.86 million in 2023 to around 1.8 million today. The trend points to sustained selling pressure rather than a one-time event.

Aggressive hashrate expansion following China’s 2021 mining ban laid the groundwork for today’s difficult economics. The industry is now absorbing the consequences of that rapid, unchecked growth.

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Diverging Strategies Emerge Across the Mining Sector

Not all miners are responding to the downturn by selling. American Bitcoin, the proprietary mining arm of Hut 8, has been actively accumulating.

The company held more than 7,000 BTC as of early April, up from zero a year earlier. Its all-in cash production cost was around $55,000 per bitcoin in Q4 2025, or roughly $25 per PH/s.

Meanwhile, operators with ultra-low power costs maintain a structural edge. New West Data, a Canadian firm mining with flared natural gas, pays below $0.02 per kilowatt-hour for power.

That cost level keeps even older hardware profitable at current hashprice levels. The company tripled its compute capacity in 2025 and plans to do so again this year.

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Software optimization is also gaining traction as an alternative to hardware upgrades. Luxor recently launched Commander, a fleet management tool that adjusts power settings every five minutes.

The platform reportedly delivers 8% to 14% profitability gains over traditional curtailment methods. It currently manages about 5 EH/s of customer hashrate since its recent launch.

The broader industry is no longer operating as a uniform block. Power economics, balance sheet strength, and operational sophistication now separate survivors from those under strain.

What was once a scale-driven business is fragmenting into distinct strategic camps. That divergence is likely to grow more pronounced as hashprice pressure continues through 2026.

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Zanzibar Probes Crypto Exec Joe McCann After Fiancee’s Death

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Crypto Breaking News

Police in Zanzibar are reportedly holding Joe McCann, the founder of crypto hedge fund Asymmetric, for questioning after the death of his fiancée, Ashly Robinson, during a vacation in the archipelago. Robinson, 31, died in hospital on April 9, after staff at a Zanzibar hotel found the couple the day before, according to a statement cited by NBC News.

Authorities have ruled the death a suicide but continue to question McCann. CBS News reported that police are holding McCann’s passport until autopsy results are complete. Hotel staff told investigators the pair had a “misunderstanding” and had been separated, with McCann moved to a different room.

Robinson’s family has disputed that account. Her sister, Alyssa Endres, told NBC News that “none of this makes sense” and that Robinson had been in good spirits after celebrating her birthday and engagement to McCann, which occurred only days before her death.

McCann is the founder of Asymmetric, a crypto venture and hedge fund that has weathered a volatile market cycle. The firm pivoted its trading strategy in July after investor backlash stemming from underperformance amid broad crypto market volatility. A plan for McCann to lead a Solana-based treasury company public in a merger was reportedly called off in August for unknown reasons. The report also notes that McCann had indicated his fund had lost about 80% so far that year. McCann could not be reached for comment.

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Key takeaways

  • Authorities in Zanzibar say the death of Ashly Robinson, 31, has been ruled a suicide, but Joe McCann remains in custody for questioning as investigations proceed.
  • McCann’s passport has been held by police pending autopsy results, while hotel staff described a separation between the couple following a reported misunderstanding.
  • Robinson’s family disputes the official account, with relatives saying the narrative doesn’t fit their understanding of her state of mind before the death.
  • Asymmetric, McCann’s crypto venture, has faced performance challenges and strategic shifts, including a July pivot after investor backlash and a previously announced but scrapped merger involving a Solana treasury vehicle.
  • Readers should monitor autopsy results, official statements from Tanzanian authorities, and any response from Asymmetric as the case unfolds.

Investigation and official statements

The sequence of events, as publicly described, centers on a hotel incident in which Robinson was found unresponsive and later died in hospital. Tanzanian police cited by NBC News said the death was ruled a suicide, but the investigation persists and McCann is being questioned. CBS News reported that authorities have retained McCann’s passport until autopsy results are finalized, a routine step in some investigations to ensure cooperation and to verify timelines.

Hotel staff reportedly told investigators that the couple had a misunderstanding and had been separated at one point, with McCann moved to a different room. This detail, while publicly acknowledged, remains part of a broader inquiry that is still awaiting a formal autopsy outcome and other corrobations. As with many such cases, the evolving narrative will depend on official findings and how they align with testimony from those involved.

Asymmetric and the founder’s trajectory

McCann’s role as founder of Asymmetric places the case in a broader context of crypto market activity and the pressures on fund management in a highly volatile era. Asymmetric has publicly navigated a choppy cycle, including a strategic pivot in July after investor backlash over underperformance in a year marked by sharp price swings across digital assets. The pivot, described in retrospective coverage, signaled a shift in trading approach amid ongoing volatility.

The firm’s public narrative also touched on a potential merger involving a Solana-based treasury vehicle that would have seen McCann in a leading role. Reports indicate that this merger plan was called off in August for reasons not disclosed publicly. The timing followed earlier disclosures by McCann that the fund had experienced significant losses—reported at around 80% for the year up to that point—underscoring the stressors that can accompany active crypto trading and venture strategies in unsettled markets.

While these milestones help frame McCann’s professional backdrop, they also illuminate the tensions between visibility and risk in high-profile crypto ventures. For investors, traders, and users following the space, the episode reinforces how personal events surrounding founders can intersect with firm-level risk—and how regulatory and due-diligence considerations can intersect with reputational factors in fund management.

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Family perspective and unanswered questions

Beyond the police timeline and corporate background, family members have challenged the official account of events. Robinson’s sister, Alyssa Endres, told NBC News that “none of this makes sense” and emphasized that her sister had celebrated milestones in the days leading up to her death, including her birthday and engagement to McCann. The disparity between the family’s understanding and the authorities’ narrative highlights a wider quest for clarity as autopsy results and investigative conclusions emerge.

The case sits at the intersection of personal tragedy and a highly scrutinized industry. Crypto markets, regulatory scrutiny, and high-profile fund managers have all faced intense public attention in recent years, and incidents like this amplify the challenge of maintaining public trust when the personal and professional lines blur. As investigators work to piece together timelines and corroborate details, the crypto community will be watching for any new statements from Tanzanian authorities, as well as responses from Asymmetric and McCann’s representatives.

In the meantime, the broader market will be tracking how this developing story affects perceptions of crypto investment firms operating in frontier jurisdictions and how such cases might influence governance, due-diligence standards, and risk management practices among hedge funds and family offices active in digital assets.

As the case evolves, the key questions remain: what will autopsy findings reveal, what additional testimony will emerge from the investigation, and how will Asymmetric address concerns raised by investors and counterparties in light of these events?

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Readers should stay tuned to official updates from Tanzanian authorities and credible media outlets for new information as autopsy results are released and the investigation progresses. The coming days and weeks will likely determine not only the outcome of the case but also the broader narrative around founder-centered risk in crypto ventures.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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DeFi Hacks Surge After $280M Drift Protocol Exploit

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Hackers, Hacks, DeFi

At least 12 DeFi protocols and crypto businesses have been attacked in just over two weeks since the $280 million Drift Protocol exploit on April 1.

Attacks aimed at crypto protocols or companies since the start of April include CoW Swap, Hyperbridge, Bybit, Dango, Silo Finance, BSC TMM, Aethir, MONA, Zerion and, most recently, Rhea Finance and the Grinex exchange. 

The Drift Protocol was hit with one of the largest exploits this year on April 1, losing around $280 million in a long-running social engineering attack suspected to involve North Korean-affiliated actors.

The attacks also come amid growing concerns this month that advancing AI models, such as Anthropic’s Claude Mythos and equivalent models, could eventually make it even easier for cyberattackers in the future.

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Rhea Finance exploited for $7.6 million

DeFi protocol Rhea Finance reported on Thursday that an attacker “leveraged a vulnerability in Rhea’s Margin Trading feature to execute a coordinated pool manipulation attack,” impacting the Rhea Lend smart contract. 

Hackers, Hacks, DeFi
Rhea Finance updates its users on the exploit. Source: Rhea Finance

Around $7.6 million was extracted, according to blockchain security firm CertiK. 

“The attacker created fake token contracts and added liquidity in fresh pools, likely misleading the oracle and validation layer,” it explained. 

Meanwhile, the Russia-linked Grinex exchange suspended operations after a $13.7 million hack on Thursday, blaming “unfriendly states” for the incursion. 

Related: Stablecoin issuer Circle faces lawsuit over $280M Drift Protocol hack

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Another attack this month was aimed at the Binance Smart Chain TMM/USDT liquidity pool, which suffered a reserve manipulation attack, resulting in the loss of around $1.67 million in early April, R3ACH Network analyst Jussy said on Thursday. 

It followed just days after bridge aggregator Dango lost $410,000 from a smart contract bug on April 13.

In the same month, lending protocol Silo Finance lost $392,000 on April 3 from a misconfigured oracle exploit and decentralized GPU cloud computing platform Aethir lost $423,000 in an access control exploit on April 9. 

DPRK ups AI social engineering attacks

The Drift Protocol and Zerion wallet exploits were two examples of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea-affiliated groups using AI and social engineering to infiltrate crypto companies to steal credentials and funds. 

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Malicious actors pilfered over $168.6 million in cryptocurrency from 34 DeFi protocols in the first quarter of 2026, according to data from DefiLlama.

Magazine: Forget stablecoin yield, how does the CLARITY Act treat DeFi?