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Circle faces lawsuit as $230M in stolen USDC moved across chains after Drift breach

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How Circle settled $68M in minutes using its own USDC rails

A new class action lawsuit has put Circle under legal scrutiny over its response to the movement of stolen USDC following the Drift Protocol hack.

Summary

  • Circle accused of failing to halt $230M in USDC transfers tied to the Drift exploit.
  • Class action suit claims losses could have been reduced if Circle had intervened in time.
  • Plaintiffs cite earlier wallet freezes to argue Circle had the ability to act.

According to a filing in a U.S. district court in Massachusetts, Drift investor Joshua McCollum has brought the case on behalf of more than 100 affected users, alleging that Circle failed to stop roughly $230 million in USDC transfers carried out after the April 1 exploit.

Court documents state that the funds were routed across chains using Circle’s Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol over several hours, giving attackers enough time to reposition assets without disruption. Attorneys representing McCollum argued that the outcome could have been different had action been taken sooner.

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“Circle permitted this criminal use of its technology and services,” the legal team wrote, adding that the “losses would not have occurred, or would have been substantially reduced, had Circle taken timely action.”

Claims filed in the suit include negligence and aiding and abetting conversion, with damages to be decided at trial. Lawyers from Mira Gibb, acting for the claimants, pointed to a recent enforcement move to challenge any suggestion that intervention was not feasible.

Roughly a week before the Drift breach, Circle froze 16 USDC-linked wallets tied to a sealed civil case in the United States. Claimants argue that the earlier action demonstrates both the technical capability and operational precedent to step in when funds are at risk.

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The dispute traces back to a large-scale exploit targeting Solana-based Drift Protocol, where attackers drained more than $285 million, accounting for over 50% of the platform’s total value locked at the time.

Data from DeFiLlama shows that total value locked has since dropped to around $251 million, a sharp fall from its $1.5 billion peak recorded in September 2025.

On-chain analysis showed the attacker rapidly converting assets into stablecoins, including USDC, before bridging a portion to Ethereum and swapping into Ether. Investigators later tracked parts of the proceeds through Tornado Cash, a privacy tool often used to obscure transaction trails.

Elliptic linked the activity to suspected North Korean state-backed actors, noting that more than 100 transactions passed through Circle’s infrastructure during U.S. working hours.

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Drift Protocol confirmed the incident as it unfolded, halting deposits and withdrawals while working with security firms and exchanges.

“Drift Protocol is experiencing an active attack. Deposits and withdrawals have been suspended,” the team said at the time, adding, “This is not an April Fool’s joke.”

Security researchers urged users to revoke wallet approvals and avoid interacting with the platform until conditions stabilise.

Legal limits and judgment calls under scrutiny

Debate has since turned to how much responsibility stablecoin issuers carry when they retain control over token contracts.

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Circle has the ability to freeze assets at the contract level, though acting without a legal order can expose firms to regulatory and reputational risks. Industry voices have framed the decision as a balance between immediate harm prevention and adherence to consistent legal standards.

Lorenzo Valente, director of digital asset research at ARK Invest, pointed to the difficulty of setting a clear rule.

“Every future freeze is now a judgment call. Every non-freeze is a political statement. Why freeze the Drift hacker but not that sketchy Nigerian fraud wallet? Why this protester but not that one?”

He added that opinions may differ depending on how those trade-offs are weighed.

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“Whether Circle got it right comes down to how much you weigh rule-of-law principles vs concrete harm. Reasonable people disagree.”

Drift moves to rebuild with USDT backing

Steps taken after the exploit indicate a move away from reliance on Circle’s infrastructure.

Drift has secured nearly $150 million in fresh funding to support recovery efforts, including $127.5 million from Tether. The capital is set to be used for compensating affected users and preparing a relaunch centered on USDT as the primary settlement asset on Solana.

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Plans include a credit line tied to future revenues, liquidity support for market makers, and ecosystem grants aimed at restoring activity. A recovery token is also in the works, allowing affected users to claim from a pool backed by trading fees and newly raised funds.

Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether, said the focus is on restoring stability while rebuilding trust.

“The focus is on restoring user confidence and supporting a strong relaunch, with a structure that aligns recovery with real activity and long-term growth.”

Market response has already begun to show, with DRIFT rising 20% to above $0.061, its highest level since the day of the exploit.

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Circle (CRCL) Stock: New Native USDC Bridge Simplifies Cross-Chain Transfers

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CRCL Stock Card

Key Takeaways

  • Circle introduced USDC Bridge, a user-friendly interface powered by its Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) for seamless native USDC movement
  • The platform employs a burn-and-mint system that avoids wrapped or bridged token variants
  • Transaction costs are transparent upfront with automated gas handling; transferring $20 from Ethereum to Optimism runs approximately $0.20
  • The bridge works with a minimum of 17 EVM-compatible networks from day one, featuring Ethereum, Base, Polygon, and Monad
  • A class action lawsuit targeting Circle seeks damages for approximately $230 million in USDC transferred via CCTP after the Drift Protocol breach on April 1

On Friday, Circle rolled out USDC Bridge, a straightforward cross-chain transfer solution constructed on its established Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP). The initiative aims to streamline and demystify the process of transferring USDC across different blockchain networks for regular users.

CCTP debuted in April 2023. The protocol currently processes more than $500 million in daily USDC transactions and received a comprehensive V2 upgrade in the previous year.

This new bridge provides users with an intuitive interface for direct CCTP engagement. Until now, CCTP was primarily utilized by developers and technically sophisticated users — the updated UI democratizes access to a much broader user base.

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CRCL Stock Card
Circle Internet Group, CRCL

USDB Bridge operates through a 1:1 burn-and-mint mechanism. Tokens are destroyed on the originating blockchain and created natively on the receiving network, eliminating any wrapped token intermediaries.

Transaction costs are displayed upfront before users finalize their transfers. The protocol automatically manages destination chain gas requirements, eliminating a traditionally confusing element for less experienced users.

According to testing conducted by a The Block journalist, moving $20 in USDC from Ethereum’s mainnet to Optimism carried a fee of roughly $0.20. Cost structures fluctuate based on specific transaction parameters.

Circle doesn’t impose proprietary fees for CCTP usage. Users still encounter standard network gas charges on both source and destination blockchains, with expedited “fast” transactions potentially incurring premium costs.

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Supported Blockchain Networks

At its initial deployment, USDC Bridge accommodates at least 17 EVM-compatible blockchain platforms. The roster includes Ethereum, Avalanche, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism, Polygon, Sonic, Monad, Sei, and World Network.

While CCTP itself maintains compatibility with an expanded network selection that encompasses Solana, Sui, and Aptos, USDC Bridge currently restricts functionality to EVM-compatible environments, temporarily excluding non-EVM alternatives.

Circle natively deploys USDC across numerous blockchain networks and on specific platforms like Polymarket. USDC maintains its position as the stablecoin sector’s second-largest asset by market capitalization.

Cross-chain bridging infrastructure has historically represented a significant pain point within cryptocurrency. Complex user interfaces, opaque fee structures, and cumbersome multi-step processes have hindered widespread adoption — especially among newcomers. Circle frames USDC Bridge as a refined alternative addressing these persistent challenges.

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Legal Action Filed Following CCTP Security Incident

The bridge launch follows closely behind Circle being served with a class action lawsuit. The complaint, filed on Wednesday, concerns approximately $230 million in USDC that transacted through CCTP in the aftermath of the April 1 Drift Protocol security breach.

Over 100 plaintiffs have joined the legal action, with representation provided by law firm Mira Gibb. Circle faces allegations of aiding and abetting conversion alongside negligence charges for failing to freeze the compromised assets. Final damage amounts will be established during trial proceedings.

Circle has yet to issue a comprehensive public statement addressing the lawsuit’s specifics.

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Bitcoin (BTC) Surges Past $78K as Iran Reopens Hormuz Strait Amid Peace Talks

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Bitcoin (BTC) Price

Key Takeaways

  • BTC climbed above $78,000 for the first time in over two months following Iran’s announcement regarding the Strait of Hormuz
  • Iran’s top diplomat announced that commercial shipping traffic can now pass freely during the ceasefire
  • President Trump indicated that negotiations between the US and Iran are nearly finalized with core elements agreed upon
  • Crude oil prices plummeted approximately 10% to roughly $85 per barrel following the announcement
  • Bitcoin ETFs in the United States attracted $664 million in net capital on April 17, marking the fourth consecutive day of positive flows

Bitcoin exploded beyond the $78,000 threshold on Friday, April 17, marking its strongest price level since the beginning of February. The rally was triggered after Iran’s Foreign Minister Seyed Abbas Araghchi announced via X that the strategic Strait of Hormuz remains “completely open” to commercial shipping traffic throughout the duration of the existing ceasefire agreement.

President Donald Trump validated the development through his Truth Social platform, stating that negotiations to resolve the US-Israel-Iran conflict are “mostly complete.” He indicated that fundamental components have been agreed upon, with the remaining issues anticipated to be settled within the weekend.

Bitcoin reached an intraday peak of $78,343, representing approximately 4.1% growth within the trading session. Throughout the week, BTC recovered around 5%, based on information from CoinMarketCap and TradingView.

Bitcoin (BTC) Price
Bitcoin (BTC) Price

Alternative digital assets experienced similar upward momentum. Ethereum appreciated 3.3% while XRP advanced 2.4%, contributing to a widespread risk-on sentiment throughout international markets.

Brent crude oil contracts declined roughly 10% to approximately $85 per barrel. The S&P 500 index also rallied, accumulating $7 trillion in market value during the previous three weeks, as noted by The Kobeissi Letter.

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Bitcoin ETF Capital Flows and Corporate Accumulation

Wu Blockchain disclosed on X that US-based spot Bitcoin ETFs accumulated $664 million in net capital on April 17, representing the fourth consecutive session of positive inflows. Spot Ethereum ETFs attracted $127 million, continuing a seven-day streak of inflows.

Bitcoin Archive shared on X that BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust has continuously accumulated Bitcoin for eight consecutive trading sessions, acquiring $284 million worth on April 17 exclusively. BlackRock’s cumulative purchases have reached $1.34 billion across the eight-day period.

Strategy Inc. has additionally accumulated $2.6 billion in Bitcoin during the past two weeks. Strategy’s stock price surged as much as 16% on Friday, representing its largest single-session increase since February 6.

Coinbase Global shares climbed as much as 8% while Galaxy Digital appreciated over 10% during the same trading session.

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Traditional Finance Enters Crypto

Goldman Sachs submitted documentation for a Bitcoin ETF this week, representing its initial direct entry into cryptocurrency investment products. Charles Schwab revealed intentions to introduce spot cryptocurrency trading capabilities in 2026 and indicated that clients might consider allocating up to 8.8% of investment portfolios to Bitcoin.

Morgan Stanley introduced its proprietary Bitcoin-tracking ETF last week, establishing itself as the first major banking institution to launch such a product.

Matt Mena, senior crypto research strategist at 21Shares, characterized the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz as “the risk-on signal the global markets have been waiting for.”

Bohan Jiang, senior derivatives trader at FalconX, noted that Strategy’s accumulation strategy has provided market support throughout recent trading periods.

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Geopolitical Risks Persist

The current ceasefire agreement is scheduled to conclude on April 22. US authorities have indicated that the naval blockade will remain operational until a comprehensive agreement is finalized. Iran has issued warnings about potentially closing the Strait once more if the blockade persists.

Axios additionally reported that US officials are evaluating the release of up to $20 billion in frozen Iranian assets in return for Iran relinquishing its enriched uranium inventory.

Derivatives market indicators suggest traders maintain a cautious stance. Funding rates for perpetual futures contracts registered negative on Friday. Put options positioned at $60,000 and $50,000 strike prices are commanding substantial premiums, reflecting hedging behavior.

Polymarket participants assessed the probability of Bitcoin reaching $80,000 during this month at 65% as of Friday, April 17.

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Circle Launches USDC Bridge For Native Cross-Chain Transfers

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Circle Launches USDC Bridge For Native Cross-Chain Transfers

Stablecoin issuer Circle has launched USDC Bridge, a new user interface built on top of the Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) that seeks to simplify native cross-chain transfers of the USDC stablecoin.

On Friday, Circle’s USDC X account said the bridge allows users to move the USDC (USDC) stablecoin in a “predictable, transparent way,” citing a native burn-and-mint transfer mechanism and no bridge complexities.

Gas fees will be handled automatically, fees will be shown upfront, and live status updates will be provided throughout the transfer, Circle added.

Source: Circle

The USDC Bridge builds on Circle’s CCTP, which was introduced in April 2023 and facilitates hundreds of millions of stablecoin transfers each day.

CCTP eliminated the need for wrapped and synthetic versions of USDC.

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Cross-chain bridges seek to make the broader crypto ecosystem interoperable, functioning as a unified network rather than a collection of fragmented, isolated blockchains.

Making bridges as simple and easy to use as possible has been an area of focus for many crypto infrastructure firms. 

In the past, bridges have confused users and arguably slowed crypto adoption, especially for beginners struggling to navigate bridge interfaces, trade routes and gas fees.

USDC Bridge supports over a dozen blockchains

Cointelegraph found that USDC Bridge supports USDC transfers between at least 17 Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible blockchains, including Ethereum, Avalanche, Arbitrum, Base, Monad, Optimism, Polygon, Sonic and World Network.

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Related: Ukraine arrests FBI-wanted cybercrime suspect, seizes $11M in assets

Circle’s CCTP supports a broader number of blockchains, including Solana, Sui and Aptos, which are not natively EVM compatible.

On Wednesday, Circle was hit with a class action for failing to freeze around $230 million worth of USDC that moved through its CCTP from the Drift Protocol exploit on April 1.

Circle is accused of aiding and abetting conversion and negligence. 

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More than 100 members are involved in the class action. The law firm representing them, Mira Gibb, is seeking damages, with the final amount to be determined at trial.

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