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Draft bill in Turkey Seeks 10% Crypto Tax and Tighter Oversight of Exchanges

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Nexo Partners with Bakkt for US Crypto Exchange and Yield Programs

TLDR

  • Turkey proposed a new bill that introduces a 10% tax on cryptocurrency income and gains.
  • Lawmakers stated that platforms must withhold the tax on a quarterly basis for all users.
  • The bill allows the president to adjust the withholding rate between 0% and 20%.
  • Service providers would pay a 0.03% transaction tax on every crypto trade they facilitate.
  • Authorities confirmed that tax enforcement will rely on detailed records kept by platforms.
  • The bill connects all crypto definitions to the existing Capital Markets Law for consistency.

Turkey’s ruling party advanced a new plan that would introduce a 10% tax on cryptocurrency gains, and lawmakers presented the draft to parliament as they moved to update current tax laws while outlining new rules for service providers.

Proposed Crypto Tax Framework

Turkey introduced a draft bill that creates a new structure for crypto taxation, and lawmakers placed the proposal before the Grand National Assembly as they sought clear rules for the sector. They stated that platforms regulated under the Capital Markets Law must withhold a 10% tax on quarterly income and gains, and officials confirmed that this applies to residents and non-residents.

The bill grants the president the power to adjust the withholding rate, and officials said it could move between 0% and 20% depending on asset type. They also linked the tax rate to holding periods and wallet usage, and they highlighted that different token categories may face different rules.

The legislation introduces a 0.03% transaction tax for service providers, and it applies to the sale amount or market value of assets. Lawmakers said this measure covers platforms that facilitate trades, and they reported that brokers must maintain detailed records.

Authorities emphasized that incomplete user information may trigger enforcement, and the tax agency would pursue shortfalls directly from the user. The bill ties terms such as “crypto asset,” “wallet,” and “platform” to existing financial regulations, and it ensures consistent definitions across the law.

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Market Context and International Comparisons

Chainalysis reported that Turkey recorded $200 billion in crypto activity between July 2024 and June 2025, and analysts stated that rising volumes followed economic pressure in recent years. They wrote that Turkey’s economic conditions pushed many users toward digital assets, and the report said people used crypto for alternative savings.

Turkey experienced inflation that peaked at 85% in late 2022, and the rate later stabilized near 30% by early 2025. Officials believe tax reform can support regulatory oversight, and they said the new framework aims to match existing market behavior.

Lawmakers referenced international trends, and they pointed to a Dutch plan that proposed a 36% capital gains tax on digital holdings. They acknowledged that the Dutch proposal awaits a Senate vote, and they said the measure could start in 2028.

The Turkish draft includes a VAT exemption for crypto deliveries covered by the transaction tax, and lawmakers confirmed that service providers fall under the updated expenditure rules. They also stated that foundation university hospitals will lose corporate tax exemptions in 2027, and they kept this clause in the broader bill.

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Crypto World

Aave’s TVL Falls $8B After $293M Kelp DAO Hack

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Aave’s TVL Falls $8B After $293M Kelp DAO Hack

Total value locked on decentralized lending protocol Aave dropped by nearly $8 billion over the weekend after hackers behind the $293 million Kelp DAO exploit borrowed funds on Aave, leaving roughly $195 million in “bad debt” on the protocol and triggering withdrawals.

Data from DeFiLlama shows that Aave’s TVL fell from about $26.4 billion to $18.6 billion by Sunday, losing the top spot as the largest DeFi protocol. 

Aave v3’s lending pools for USDt (USDT) and USDC (USDC) are now at 100% utilization, meaning that more than $5.1 billion worth of stablecoins cannot be withdrawn until new liquidity arrives or borrows are repaid. 

$2,540 is available to be withdrawn from the $2.87 billion USDT pool on Aave v3 at the time of writing. Source: Aave

Aave’s TVL fall shows how rapidly risk from a single security incident can spread throughout the broader, interconnected DeFi lending market, potentially leading to a severe liquidity crisis.

The incident began on Saturday when hackers stole 116,500 Kelp DAO Restaked ETH (rsETH) tokens worth about $293 million from Kelp DAO’s LayerZero-powered bridge and used them as collateral on Aave v3 to borrow wrapped Ether (wETH).

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Crypto analytics platform Lookonchain said the move created about $195 million in “bad debt” on Aave, which contributed to the Aave (AAVE) token tanking nearly 20% from $112 on Saturday at 6:00 pm UTC to $89.5 about 25 hours later. 

Lookonchain noted that some of the largest crypto whales to withdraw funds from Aave were the MEXC crypto exchange and Abraxas Capital at $431 million and $392 million, respectively.

Source: Grvt

Several crypto networks and protocols tied to rsETH or the LayerZero bridge have paused use of the bridge until the problem is resolved, including DeFi platform Curve Finance, stablecoin issuer Ethena and BitGo’s Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC).

Aave has frozen several rsETH, wETH markets

Shortly after the Kelp DAO exploit, Aave said it froze the rsETH markets on both Aave v3 and v4 to prevent any suspicious borrowing and later stated that rsETH on Ethereum mainnet remains fully backed by underlying assets.

WETH reserves also remain frozen on Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Mantle and Linea, Aave said.

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This incident marks the first significant stress test of Aave’s “Umbrella” security model, which was introduced in June 2025 to provide automated protection against protocol bad debt while enabling users to earn rewards.

Related: Aave DAO backs V4 mainnet plan in near-unanimous vote

Earlier this month, the Bank of Canada found that Aave avoided bad debt in its v3 market by using overcollateralization, automated liquidations and other strategies that shifted risk to borrowers.

In comments to Cointelegraph, Aave defended its liquidation-based model, framing it as a core safety mechanism that protects lenders while limiting downside for borrowers.

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It comes as Aave parted ways with its longest-standing DeFi risk service provider, Chaos Labs, on April 6, following disagreements over the direction of Aave v4 and budget constraints.

Magazine: Are DeFi devs liable for the illegal activity of others on their platforms?