Crypto World
Ripple expands stablecoin payments platform for banks
TLDR
- Ripple expanded its payments platform to support a full stablecoin workflow for banks and fintechs.
- The upgraded Ripple Payments platform now enables collection, custody, conversion, and payout using stablecoins.
- Ripple Payments operates in more than 60 markets and has processed over $100 billion in transaction volume.
- Ripple integrated its dollar-pegged stablecoin RLUSD into the expanded payments stack.
- RLUSD has reached a circulating supply of about $1.5 billion in the global stablecoin market.
Ripple has expanded its global payments platform to support a broader stablecoin workflow for banks and fintechs. The company aims to reduce reliance on pre-funded overseas accounts and speed up cross-border transactions. It announced the upgrade on Tuesday and confirmed expanded capabilities across its network.
Ripple upgrades payments platform with stablecoin workflow
Ripple upgraded Ripple Payments to support collection, custody, conversion, and payout through stablecoins. The company said the update connects financial institutions directly to blockchain-based settlement rails. As a result, clients can manage funds without parking capital in foreign accounts.
The platform operates in more than 60 markets and has processed over $100 billion in volume. Ripple stated that Switzerland’s AMINA Bank, Brazil’s Banco Genial, Malaysia’s ECIB, and Philippines-based AltPayNet participate in the network. The company said the expanded stack allows institutions to move funds faster while maintaining operational control.
Ripple is valued at $17.7 billion, according to Forge Global, which tracks pre-IPO shares. The company remains privately held while expanding its enterprise offerings. It said the new features position Ripple Payments to compete directly with legacy providers.
RLUSD stablecoin gains traction as supply reaches $1.5 billion
Ripple continues to integrate its dollar-pegged token, RLUSD, into its payments infrastructure. RLUSD trades at $1 and holds a circulating supply of about $1.5 billion. The company said the token supports real-time settlement across supported markets.
Ripple stated that RLUSD accounts for a small but growing share of the global stablecoin market. It said clients can hold, exchange, and settle transactions using fiat or stablecoins. The company completed its acquisition of Rail last August for $200 million to support these services.
Ripple also acquired custody and treasury automation firm Palisade to strengthen asset management. It said these acquisitions expand its custody and treasury capabilities within the payments stack. The company confirmed that these tools integrate with Ripple Payments.
In December, the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency conditionally approved national trust bank charters for Ripple National Trust Bank. The regulator also granted conditional approvals to Circle, BitGo, Paxos Trust Company, and Fidelity Digital Assets. If finalized, the charters would allow asset and stablecoin reserve management under federal oversight.
Ripple chief legal officer Stuart Alderoty attended a February White House meeting on crypto legislation. He joined other crypto and banking representatives to discuss stablecoin provisions. Lawmakers continue negotiations in Washington, DC, over a proposed US crypto market structure bill.
Crypto World
Nasdaq Extends Rally to 10 Sessions as Bitcoin Surges Past $74K
Key Highlights
- Bitcoin maintained its position above the $74,000 threshold as investor confidence returned to global markets
- Major Asian stock indices, notably China’s CSI 300, completely recovered from earlier geopolitical setbacks
- Spot Bitcoin ETFs in the United States recorded $471 million in net inflows during a single trading session, bringing total cumulative flows above $56 billion
- The S&P 500 advanced 1.2% while the Nasdaq jumped 2%, marking the Nasdaq’s tenth consecutive daily gain
- Crude oil prices held beneath the $100 per barrel mark amid speculation of potential diplomatic engagement between Washington and Tehran, reducing inflation concerns
Bitcoin successfully maintained its position above the $74,000 mark on Wednesday as market participants demonstrated renewed appetite for riskier asset classes. Financial markets worldwide extended their rally, recovering ground lost during the U.S.-Iran tensions that emerged in late February.

Equity markets across Asia spearheaded the recovery movement. China’s CSI 300 index emerged as the most recent benchmark to completely reverse its conflict-driven losses, following similar recoveries in Taiwanese and Singaporean markets that had already returned to levels seen before the crisis began.
U.S. equity markets demonstrated strong momentum. The S&P 500 climbed 1.2% while the Nasdaq Composite soared 2%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average contributed with a 317-point increase. The S&P 500 has now delivered positive returns in nine out of the last ten trading sessions and remains just shy of the record peak it established in late January.

The Nasdaq pushed its consecutive winning session streak to an impressive ten days. Year-to-date losses attributed to the Iran conflict have been virtually eliminated.
Diplomatic developments contributed significantly to market sentiment. President Trump revealed earlier in the week that communication channels between Washington and Tehran have been established. Oil prices retreated following this announcement and continue trading below the $100 per barrel threshold, alleviating the inflationary pressures that had challenged markets throughout March.
Institutional Bitcoin ETF Activity Reflects Strong Conviction
Within cryptocurrency markets, U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs registered $471 million in net positive flows on April 6, representing their most robust single-session performance since February. Total cumulative inflows have now surpassed the $56 billion milestone since these investment vehicles debuted in January 2024.
Bitcoin’s current trading price hovers near the calculated average cost basis for ETF investors. Market analysts suggest this level may serve as support, given that investors who maintained positions during the decline below $60,000 have limited incentive to exit at or near their entry point.
“Institutions pouring in $471 million in a single day and pushing past $56 billion cumulative means Bitcoin is getting a whole new class of long-term holders,” said Vikrant Sharma, founder of CakeWallet.
Alternative Cryptocurrencies Show Divergent Performance
Ether posted a 4% weekly advance, reaching approximately $2,325, surpassing Bitcoin’s 3.9% weekly increase. However, performance across alternative cryptocurrencies remained inconsistent. Solana declined 1.5% to $83, Cardano retreated 1%, and Dogecoin decreased 1.3% to settle at $0.093.
Tron distinguished itself with a 3% weekly appreciation.
Market observers are also incorporating expectations for potential Federal Reserve interest rate reductions later in the year. Such monetary policy adjustments typically inject liquidity into risk-oriented assets, a dynamic that has historically benefited both equities and digital currencies.
Corporate earnings announcements are commanding attention as well. Bank of America and Morgan Stanley are both scheduled to release quarterly results before Wednesday’s market opening.
U.S. stock index futures maintained relatively stable positioning Tuesday evening following the robust trading session, with contracts linked to the S&P 500, Nasdaq 100, and Dow Jones all trading near unchanged levels.
Crypto World
Tim Draper Doubles Down on $250K Bitcoin (BTC) Forecast After Nailing Previous Predictions
Key Takeaways
- Venture capitalist Tim Draper has renewed his $250,000 Bitcoin price forecast, setting an 18-month timeline for the target
- In 2014, Draper purchased 30,000 BTC for $632 per coin at a U.S. Marshals auction following the Mt. Gox incident
- Bitcoin reached a peak of $126,080 in October 2025 and currently trades near $74,271
- Draper points to increased adoption and deteriorating fiat currencies as primary drivers for his optimistic projection
- His 2014 forecast of $10,000 BTC proved correct, while more recent predictions have not met their timelines
Tim Draper’s journey with Bitcoin stretches back to its earliest days. The prominent venture capitalist first acquired Bitcoin when it traded at just $4, attempting to mine cryptocurrency with a business partner using specialized chips from Butterfly Labs. According to Draper, those chips never materialized as promised — he alleges the company used them for their own mining operations instead.
When the equipment eventually showed up, Bitcoin’s price had already surged past $30. Draper proceeded to build a substantial position, which he ultimately lost completely in the infamous Mt. Gox exchange failure.
Undeterred, Draper made a bold move in 2014, investing $19 million at a U.S. Marshals Service auction to acquire 30,000 BTC confiscated from the Silk Road operation, at a price of $632 each.
Immediately following that acquisition, he made a public forecast that Bitcoin would climb to $10,000 within three years. The prediction drew widespread skepticism. History proved him correct.
An Evolving Timeline for a Bold Forecast
On April 14, Draper shared an extensive post on X detailing his Bitcoin experience and future price expectations. He acknowledged that his latest targets “have not been so prescient” — his previous forecast called for BTC to touch $250,000 by the close of 2025.
That timeframe has been adjusted. Draper now projects Bitcoin will achieve $250,000 within the next 18 months.
He identifies two primary catalysts behind this projection: expanding acceptance of Bitcoin for everyday transactions and the ongoing devaluation of conventional fiat currencies through inflationary pressures.
Draper has consistently advocated for Bitcoin’s potential to displace traditional money. He’s stated in the past that failing to hold Bitcoin is “irresponsible” and predicted that merchants will eventually accept only BTC for transactions.
Current Bitcoin Market Position
Bitcoin touched its record high of $126,080 on October 6, 2025. Since that peak, the cryptocurrency has declined approximately 40%, trading around $74,271 as of this writing.
Beyond Bitcoin itself, Draper maintains investments in prominent cryptocurrency platforms such as Coinbase and Robinhood Markets. He was also an early Tesla backer before that company considered accepting Bitcoin payments.
Additionally, Draper has introduced DraperTV on Pump.fun, a platform built on Solana, where he showcases content with fellow entrepreneurs.
Crypto World
CoW Swap users warned after Blockaid flags COW.FI frontend attack
Blockaid flags CoW Swap’s cow.fi frontend as malicious, urging users to revoke token approvals and avoid the dApp amid a broader wave of DeFi interface attacks.
Summary
- Blockaid flags CoW Swap’s main cow.fi frontend as malicious.
- Users are urged to revoke token approvals and avoid the dApp immediately.
- Incident highlights growing wave of DeFi frontend attacks across major protocols.
Blockchain security firm Blockaid has warned that CoW Swap’s primary website COW.FI has been compromised in a suspected frontend attack, marking the latest high‑profile exploit attempt against a major DeFi trading interface.
In an alert shared on X, Blockaid said its system “has detected a front-end attack targeting Cowswap” and confirmed that the cow.fi domain has been flagged as malicious inside Blockaid‑integrated wallets, advising users “to refrain from signing transactions and avoid interactions with the dApp until the issue is resolved.”
Following the warning, CoW Swap community channels and independent security commentators urged traders who had connected wallets to CoW Swap to immediately revoke any outstanding token approvals and to stop interacting with the platform’s frontend until further notice, even though underlying smart contracts have not been reported as compromised.
Blockaid’s latest alert comes amid a surge in so‑called frontend hijacks, where attackers compromise a project’s website or DNS rather than its on‑chain contracts, silently swapping legitimate transaction prompts for malicious ones that drain user wallets.linkedin+1
In February, Blockaid reported a similar frontend attack on tokenization platform OpenEden, warning users to “refrain from signing transactions and avoid interactions with the dApp until the issue is resolved,” while separate incidents have recently hit lending protocol Curvance and asset manager Maple Finance.
As highlighted in CoW Swap’s own DeFi security guides, these attacks target “people, devices, and transaction behavior instead of only attacking code,” making basic hygiene like checking URLs, using browser bookmarks and monitoring token approvals critical for retail and professional users alike.
Security platforms such as Kerberus and Revoke‑style tools recommend users regularly audit and revoke token approvals after any suspected incident, noting that revocation “only removes future permission for that contract to move your tokens” and cannot recover funds already drained.
For DeFi traders, the CoW Swap incident underscores a lesson that keeps recurring in crypto.news coverage of exchange exploits, bridge hacks and protocol drains: even when audited smart contracts remain intact, a single compromised frontend can still turn a routine swap into a total wallet loss if users sign blind.
Crypto World
Tether Introduces Multichain Self-Custodial Wallet
Self-custodial wallet tether.wallet supports Bitcoin, USDT, USAT and XAUT across multiple blockchains at launch.
Tether today unveiled its self-custodial crypto wallet using the open-source Wallet Development Kit (WDK) developed by the firm. According to an announcement from the firm, tether.wallet supports USDT, USAT, Bitcoin and XAUT, what the firm says represent “the only assets that truly matter for most of the people.”
Tether says the initiative, which it’s dubbing “the People’s Wallet” aligns with its mission to promote financial inclusion globally, particularly in developing countries and regions with high inflation.
Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino was quoted in the announcement on the firm’s aim of preserving self-custody, without compromising on user experience:
“The objective is to remove the complexity that has prevented broader adoption while preserving the properties that make the digital assets technology valuable. Users should be able to send value as easily as sending a message, without relying on intermediaries and without giving up control of their assets.”
As an example, the firm’s announcement notes that the wallet lets users pay fees in the asset being transferred, instead of needing to acquire or hold separate tokens for gas. The wallet also supports easily readable addresses for sending and receiving that look more like an email address, instead of the typical alphanumeric string.
Tether says at launch, the wallet supports USDT and XAUT on Ethereum, Polygon, Plasma, and Arbitrum, and USAT on Ethereum. It also supports Bitcoin both natively and via the Lightning Network. The firm plans to add support for “several other blockchains” in the future.
Last month, Tether announced that it had engaged a Big Four firm to conduct its first ever “full independent financial statement audit.”
This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.
Crypto World
North Korea Used AI to Hack Zerion in Second Crypto Attack
Crypto wallet Zerion revealed that North Korean-affiliated hackers used AI in a long-term social engineering attack to steal about $100,000 from the company’s hot wallets last week.
The Zerion team released a post-mortem on Wednesday, where it confirmed that no user funds, Zerion apps or infrastructure were affected and that it had proactively disabled the web app as a precaution.
While the amount was relatively small in crypto hacking terms, it is another incident of a crypto worker being targeted for an “AI-enabled social engineering attack linked to a DPRK threat actor,” Zerion said.
It is the second attack of this nature this month, following the $280 million exploit of the Drift Protocol, which was the victim of a “structured intelligence operation” by DPRK-affiliated hackers. The human layer, not smart contract bugs, has now become North Korea’s primary point of entry into crypto firms.
AI is changing the way cyber threats work
Zerion said the attacker gained access to some team members’ logged-in sessions and credentials, as well as private keys to company hot wallets.
“This incident showed that AI is changing the way cyber threats work,” the company said.
It confirmed that the attack was similar to those that had been investigated by the Security Alliance (SEAL) last week.
Related: Researchers discover malicious AI agent routers that can steal crypto
SEAL reported that it had tracked and blocked 164 domains linked to the DPRK group UNC1069 in a two-month window from February to April.
It stated that the group operates “multiweek, low-pressure social engineering campaigns” across Telegram, LinkedIn and Slack. Malicious actors impersonate known contacts or credible brands or leverage access to previously compromised company and individual accounts.
“UNC1069’s social engineering methodology is defined by patience, precision, and the deliberate weaponization of existing trust relationships.”
Google’s cybersecurity unit Mandiant detailed in February the group’s use of fake Zoom meetings and a “known use of AI tools by the threat actor for editing images or videos during the social engineering stage.”
DPRK’s social engineering is evolving
Earlier this month, MetaMask developer and security researcher Taylor Monahan said North Korean IT workers have been embedding themselves in crypto companies and decentralized finance projects for at least seven years.
“The evolution of the DPRK’s social engineering techniques, combined with the increasing availability of AI to refine and perfect these methods, means the threat extends well beyond exchanges,” blockchain security firm Elliptic said in a blog post earlier this year.
“Individual developers, project contributors, and anyone with access to cryptoasset infrastructure is a potential target.”

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Crypto World
Bitmine sits on $10 billion ETH but books $3.6 billion loss
Bitmine Immersion Technologies has turned itself into the Ethereum version of Strategy, doubling its outstanding shares in six months and raising over $10 billion in equity to amass nearly 5% of all ether in existence.
it reported a $3.8 billion quarterly net loss in Tuesday’s 10-Q filing, with share count going from 232 million to 494 million between August 31 and February 28.
Additional paid-in capital jumped from $8.36 billion to $18.55 billion over the same period, and those funds went straight into ETH.
As of April 12, Bitmine held 4.87 million ether at an average cost of $2,206 per token, making it the largest corporate Ethereum treasury globally and the second-largest corporate crypto treasury behind Strategy.
The bet is underwater but not by much. Ether traded near $2,325 on Wednesday, roughly 5% above Bitmine’s average entry. The $3.78 billion in unrealized losses on the quarter’s income statement reflects the drawdown from the token’s August 2025 highs near $4,900, not a loss from its cost basis.
Under fair-value accounting rules adopted in 2024, those mark-to-market swings flow through the P&L regardless of whether the company has sold anything.
But the transformation from mining company to leveraged ETH treasury play is creating its own set of pressures.
Self-mining revenue collapsed 86% year-over-year to $219,000 for the quarter. Staking has replaced it entirely, generating $10.2 million of the company’s $11 million in total quarterly revenue.
General and administrative expenses hit $75 million for the quarter, up from $964,000 a year earlier. For the full six-month period, G&A reached $298.6 million against just $13.3 million in revenue. Some of that likely reflects stock-based compensation tied to the equity raises, but the gap between operating costs and operating revenue is stark for a company whose core product is now holding and staking a single token.
The filing also reveals derivatives exposure that wasn’t previously detailed.
Bitmine booked $65.3 million in unrealized losses on derivatives and $24.1 million in option premium income during the quarter, suggesting the company is running options strategies on its ETH holdings, possibly covered calls to generate additional yield.
Chairman Tom Lee said in March that the company views the ether pullback as “attractive, given the strengthening fundamentals,” and noted Monday that Bitmine has accelerated its buying pace over the past four weeks.
Bitmine held $879.6 million in cash as of February 28, along with 198 bitcoin, a $200 million stake in Beast Industries, and an $85 million position in Eightco Holdings.
Crypto World
Crypto Valley Captured 47% of Europe’s Blockchain Funding in 2025
Switzerland’s Crypto Valley captured 47% of European blockchain venture funding in 2025, raising $728 million across 31 deals, according to an annual report released Wednesday by venture firm CV VC.
Globally, blockchain venture funding rose 30% to $15.5 billion across 986 deals last year, while Crypto Valley’s total climbed 37% from $531 million in 2024, the report said.
One deal did much of the heavy lifting. The Open Network (TON) accounted for $400 million of Crypto Valley’s 2025 funding haul, followed by Sygnum Bank at $58 million, stablecoin platform M0 at $40 million, Impossible Cloud Network at $34 million and CratD2C at $30 million, according to the report.
The figures suggest Switzerland remains Europe’s main blockchain funding hub, but they also show capital concentrating into fewer, larger rounds.

Blockchain networks attracted 62% of total funding, followed by infrastructure at 14%, centralized financial services at 10% and decentralized finance applications at 10%, the report said.

Crypto Valley took 47% of Europe’s funding
Crypto Valley’s $728 million accounted for 47% of the total VC blockchain funding across Europe and 5% of the global blockchain funding in 2025, highlighting the Swiss blockchain ecosystem’s growing role in the European blockchain industry.
“Nearly half of all European blockchain investment is now flowing into Crypto Valley,” said Mathias Ruch, founder and CEO of Crypto Valley, calling it a sign of a “maturing ecosystem” focused on infrastructure, finance and the convergence of “frontier technologies” driving digital innovation.
Still, the report’s own numbers show that growth came alongside a more selective market, with deal count falling even as capital deployed increased. That pattern was visible globally as well. CV VC said worldwide blockchain venture funding rose even as deal volume fell 32%, showing a shift toward fewer but larger transactions.
In Crypto Valley, the same dynamic helped push annual funding totals higher, even as the ecosystem’s headline valuation and unicorn count moved lower.

Crypto Valley now hosts 1,766 active blockchain companies, up 134% since 2020, according to CV VC. Companies based in Zug, Switzerland, accounted for 20 of the 31 total deals and 88% of disclosed capital, while Zurich-based companies followed with five deals.
Related: Cardano can now be used to pay at 137 Spar stores across Switzerland
The report also said Crypto Valley’s number of unicorns fell to 10 in 2025 from 17 a year earlier. Ethereum, Solana, Cardano, Hedera, Toncoin, Polkadot, Near Protocol, Internet Computer, Copper and Sygnum Bank now rank as the region’s top crypto companies.
A Crypto Valley spokesperson attributed the decline largely to weaker market conditions late in the year, which pushed six token projects below the $1 billion threshold. The spokesperson also said 21Shares left the ecosystem after its acquisition by FalconX.
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Crypto World
Morpho Unveils Fixed-Rate Protocol Morpho Midnight
Morpho is the second-largest lending protocol in DeFi, with $7.7B in TVL.
Morpho, DeFi’s second-largest lending protocol by value locked, has officially named its long-in-development fixed-rate product: Morpho Midnight.
Co-founder and CEO Paul Frambot announced the name on X today, April 14, emphasizing that Midnight is not a sequel to Morpho Blue. “It is a completely new paradigm for onchain lending, and should not be considered a ‘V2’ of Blue,” Frambot wrote.
The distinction is structural, according to Frambot’s X post. Morpho Blue offers pool-based, open-term variable-rate markets with externalized risk management. Midnight introduces intent-based, fixed-term, fixed-rate markets with externalized management of both risk as well as rate, a different mechanism for pricing and matching lenders and borrowers.
The two protocols will coexist and complement each other within the broader Morpho network, per the X post. Frambot first flagged the naming overhaul of Morpho’s fixed rate market in early March, when he dropped versioning terminology (Markets V1/V2) in favor of distinct brand identities for each product.
Frambot added in today’s announcement that more details on Midnight are expected as security audits finalize.
Morpho currently holds approximately $7.7 billion in total value locked, per data from DefiLlama, making it the second-largest lending protocol in DeFi, following Aave with $26.3 billion in TVL.
Last June, The Defiant reported on Morpho’s V2 launch, which introduced fixed-rate and fixed-term loans, with the aim to bring DeFi lending closer to traditional finance structures, which Midnight now builds on.
Last month, the Ethereum Foundation made its second deployment into Morpho Vaults, bringing its total commitment to nearly $19 million and citing the protocol’s immutable, open-source architecture as a model for cypherpunk-aligned DeFi infrastructure.
This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.
Crypto World
Ethereum price opens 8% higher at $2,370
The Ethereum price jumped 8 percent to $2,370 Tuesday morning as Trump’s signals about potential Iran peace talks triggered a broad risk-on rally across crypto markets, with bitcoin touching $74,900 and the total crypto market cap approaching $2.6 trillion.
Summary
- Bloomberg data confirmed Ether rose 5 percent alongside bitcoin’s move to $74,400, with the synchronized gains across BTC, ETH, and XRP signaling genuine risk appetite returning to the asset class rather than a bitcoin-only safe-haven move.
- Ethereum is trading approximately 52 percent below its August 2025 all-time high of $4,953 and has faced sustained ETF outflows, with Ethereum investment products recording $129 million in net outflows on April 11 even as XRP pulled in $119.6 million.
- Standard Chartered maintains a long-term $15,000 price target for Ethereum, while Arthur Hayes has projected a $10,000 to $20,000 range, though both scenarios depend on macro conditions and regulatory clarity that the current Iran war environment has substantially delayed.
Yahoo Finance data shows Ethereum opened Monday at $2,191 and fell 4.1 percent from Sunday’s open as the naval blockade went live. Tuesday’s 8 percent reversal at the open demonstrates how directly Iran war headlines are driving Ether’s price action in the absence of a crypto-specific catalyst. The CLARITY Act markup window opening this week is the first regulatory catalyst Ethereum has had since the ceasefire rally, and passage of the bill would formalize Ethereum’s digital commodity classification under federal law for the first time.
When bitcoin rallies alone, it typically reflects either a bitcoin-specific catalyst or safe-haven rotation within crypto. When Ethereum rises 8 percent on the same day, it reflects a broader improvement in risk appetite across the asset class. Tuesday’s move included XRP gains, altcoin recovery, and total market cap approaching $2.6 trillion, meaning the Iran peace signal triggered a system-wide repricing rather than a single-asset move. That distinction matters because system-wide rallies have historically been more durable than single-asset moves driven by short squeezes.
What the ETF Outflow Divergence Means
XRP pulled in $119.6 million in weekly ETF inflows while Ethereum recorded $129 million in outflows on a single day. That divergence is striking and reflects different institutional narratives. XRP is being accumulated ahead of expected CLARITY Act clarity that would cement its digital commodity status. Ethereum’s ETF flows reflect institutional uncertainty about its regulatory classification and concerns about its economic model relative to bitcoin. The Ethereum Foundation completed a $143 million staking commitment in the same week as the ETF outflows, showing that on-chain conviction and product flows are telling different stories.
What Ethereum Needs to Sustain This Move
The price needs three inputs to sustain above $2,370: a credible Iran diplomatic development before April 22, a CLARITY Act markup announcement from the Senate Banking Committee, and continued bitcoin strength above $74,000. Without all three, the most likely outcome is a fade back toward the $2,150 to $2,200 range where Ethereum has consolidated for most of the Iran war period.
Crypto World
Bitcoin’s ‘your keys, your coins’ promise just got an expiry date from a new developer proposal
Bitcoin was built on a promise that no one can touch your coins without your private key. No government, no bank, nobody.
That promise is now, for the first time in Bitcoin’s 16-year history, being challenged from the developer community itself, as a part of measures to build defenses against future quantum computers that could compromise Bitcoin’s blockchain and steal your coins.
The proposal
Jameson Loop, one of the outspoken bitcoin contributors, and other cryptographers, have proposed a move that could force bitcoin holders to migrate their coins to new quantum-resistant addresses or face having their coins frozen permanently by the network itself. In that scenario, holders would technically still “own” the coins, but lose the ability to move them.
It is called Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP)-361 and was updated in Bitcoin’s official proposal repository Tuesday with the title “Post Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset.”
This comes as a recently released Google report warned that a sufficiently powerful quantum machine could require significantly less firepower to compromise the Bitcoin blockchain than initially estimated. This prompted some observers to cite 2029 as the quantum deadline for bitcoin.
To understand the need to freeze coins, you need to know what it is protecting against.
Every Bitcoin wallet is secured by a form of cryptography called ECDSA, or Elliptic Curve Digital Signature algorithm. Think of it as a lock on your wallet. When you set up a wallet, two keys are generated: Private key, which is a unique password used to prove that you own the coins you are spending. Then there is a public key derived from the private key. This public key helps receive funds, verify transaction signatures, and ensure security without revealing the owner’s private key.
Here is the problem: your public key is revealed on the blockchain, permanently for anyone to see when you send funds. A sufficiently powerful quantum machine can use it to reverse engineer your private key and drain your funds.
As of March, the sum of all BTC in vulnerable addresses was approximately 6.7 million BTC, according to the Google study.
BIP-361 builds on the proposal put forward in February under BIP-360, which introduced a soft fork—a network upgrade—designed to enable a new transaction type called pay-to-Merkle-root (P2MR). The approach borrows from Bitcoin’s Taproot (P2TR) framework, but strips out the key-based spending path, removing an element widely viewed as exposed to potential quantum-era risks.
Three phases
The BIP 361 proposal structures the migration in three phases. The Phase A kicks in three years after potential activation, blocking anyone from sending new bitcoin to old-style, quantum-vulnerable addresses. You can still spend from these addresses, but cannot receive anything.
The Phase B, to kick in five years after activation, will render old style signatures (ECDSA and Schnorr) completely invalid such that attempts to spend from quantum-vulnerable wallets will be rejected by the network. In essence, your coins will be frozen.
Finally, Phase C, is a proposed rescue, still under research, where holder with frozen wallets could potentially prove ownership using a zero-knowledge proof, a way of proving the knowledge of a secret without revealing the secret itself. If it works, coins frozen by Phase B could be recovered.
Community backlash
The idea of freezing coins as a defense against quantum threats cuts directly against one of Bitcoin’s most fundamental promises: sovereign, permissionless control over funds.
At its core, Bitcoin is designed to ensure that whoever holds the private keys controls the coins – without exception. Introducing a mechanism that allows coins to be frozen, even under extraordinary circumstances like a quantum attack, implies that this principle can be overridden.
The community, therefore, is not happy with the proposal.
“This quantum proposal is highly authoritarian and confiscatory, but of course, it’s from Lopp. There is no good rationale for forcing the upgrade and rendering old spends invalid. Upgrade should be 100% voluntary,” one X user said.
“This reeks of central planning with the deadlines, behavior coercion, and forced migration,” another user said.
Developers, however, called it a defensive measure.
“This is not an offensive attack, rather, it is defensive: our thesis is that the Bitcoin ecosystem wishes to defend itself and its interests against those who would prefer to do nothing and allow a malicious actor to destroy both value and trust,” they said.
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