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Stablecoins as Shadow Banking – Smart Liquidity Research

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Stablecoins as Shadow Banking - Smart Liquidity Research

Stablecoins were supposed to be the “boring” part of crypto. No volatility. No drama. Just digital dollars moving at internet speed.

Instead, they’ve quietly become one of the most important—and controversial—financial experiments of the decade.

Behind the scenes, stablecoins are starting to look a lot like shadow banks.


What Is Shadow Banking?

“Shadow banking” isn’t illegal banking. It refers to financial intermediaries that perform bank-like activities—without being regulated like traditional banks.

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Think:

These institutions:

No deposit insurance.
No direct central bank backstop.
Plenty of systemic risk if something breaks.

Sound familiar?

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How Stablecoins Mimic Banks

Take giants like:

Here’s what they do:

  1. Accept dollars from users

  2. Issue digital tokens pegged 1:1

  3. Invest reserves into yield-bearing assets
    (Treasuries, repo agreements, cash equivalents)

That’s deposit-taking and asset management—core banking functions.

The difference?
They aren’t chartered banks.

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The Maturity Mismatch Problem

Traditional banks borrow short (deposits) and lend long (loans).
This creates liquidity risk.

Stablecoins claim to hold high-quality liquid assets—primarily short-term U.S. Treasuries. But if redemptions spike during panic, they face the same stress dynamic:

We saw shades of this during the 2022 depegging episodes—notably with algorithmic designs like TerraUSD, which collapsed spectacularly (though it lacked traditional backing).

Even asset-backed models face redemption pressure risk.

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The Treasury Market Connection

Here’s where it gets interesting.

Stablecoin issuers are now among the largest buyers of short-term U.S. Treasuries. Some reports have placed Tether among the top global holders.

That means:

Crypto liquidity
→ flows into Treasuries
→ supports U.S. government financing

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Stablecoins aren’t just crypto plumbing anymore.
They’re plugged into global macro finance.

If large-scale redemptions occur, forced Treasury sales could ripple into traditional markets.

That’s textbook shadow banking spillover risk.


Regulatory Gray Zone

Banks must:

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Stablecoin issuers?
Regulation varies by jurisdiction. Oversight is patchwork. Some operate through money transmitter licenses rather than full banking charters.

Governments are now racing to respond. The U.S., EU, and Asia are all drafting or implementing frameworks to bring stablecoins closer to traditional prudential standards.

The debate is simple:

Are stablecoins payment tools?
Money market funds?
Narrow banks?
Or systemic shadow banks?

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Why This Matters

Stablecoins power:

They solve real problems:

  • Faster settlement

  • Lower fees

  • Global accessibility

But scale changes everything.

When billions turn into hundreds of billions, stability becomes a public concern.

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Shadow banking historically grows during financial innovation cycles—until a crisis exposes structural weaknesses.

Stablecoins may be early in that arc.

The Bull Case

Some argue stablecoins are safer than banks because:

  • Reserves are primarily short-term Treasuries

  • No risky lending books

  • Transparency reports are increasing

  • On-chain flows are auditable

In this view, stablecoins represent a leaner, programmable form of narrow banking.

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The Bear Case

Critics warn:

If confidence breaks, digital bank runs happen faster than physical ones.
Panic spreads at blockchain speed.


The Future: Bank, Fund, or Something New?

Three possible paths:

  1. Full Bank Model
    Stablecoin issuers obtain banking licenses.

  2. Money Market Regulation Model
    Treated like cash-equivalent funds.

  3. Hybrid Regulated Digital Cash Model
    Custom framework recognizing blockchain-native design.

The decision will shape the next decade of digital finance.

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Final Take

Stablecoins aren’t just a crypto convenience anymore.

They:

  • Warehouse billions in Treasuries

  • Provide dollar access globally

  • Operate outside traditional banking charters

  • Influence liquidity across markets

That’s not a niche experiment.
That’s shadow banking in digital form.

And history shows shadow banking only stays in the shadows—until it doesn’t.

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Can Ethereum price defend $1,900 as bearish pressure builds?

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Ethereum price correction deepens: Can bulls defend $1,900 as bearish futures sentiment hits 3-month low? - 1

Ethereum’s correction appears to be accelerating, with price sliding toward the critical $1,900 support level and futures sentiment hitting its most bearish reading in three months.

Summary

  • Ethereum price is under pressure across all major timeframes, with structure still tilted to the downside.
  • Futures traders are increasingly defensive, as aggressive selling begins to dominate derivatives flows.
  • The $1,900 level now stands as a pivotal support; holding it could stabilize price, while a break may accelerate losses.

At press time, Ethereum was changing hands at $1,958, marking a 6.4% drop in the last 24 hours as continued selling dragged prices lower. Over the past week, the coin has fluctuated between $1,907 and $2,129, but it has stayed under pressure across every major timeframe.

In the last seven days, Ethereum (ETH) has slipped 6.3%. The losses deepen when you zoom out. It is down 40% over the past month and 27% compared with a year ago, showing how strong and persistent this correction has been.

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Trading activity in the spot market picked up as prices fell. During the sell-off, 24-hour volume jumped 34% to reach $31 billion, suggesting that more traders stepped in while the price tested important support levels.

Derivatives, on the other hand, tells a more cautious story, pointing to a market that remains on edge. As per CoinGlass data, derivatives volume rose 18% to $40 billion while open interest dropped 7% to $23 billion. This combination suggests that traders are closing positions into volatility rather than adding fresh leverage.

Futures sentiment flips extremely bearish

Additional pressure is coming from longer-term derivatives sentiment. A Feb. 15 analysis by CryptoQuant contributor CryptoOnchain revealed a notable shift in futures behavior on Binance. The Ethereum Taker Buy/Sell Ratio (30-day moving average) has dropped to 0.97, its lowest reading since November 2025.

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When this ratio drops below 1.00, it shows that aggressive sell orders are outpacing aggressive buys. Using a 30-day average helps filter out daily fluctuations, turning this into a structural signal rather than a short-term reaction.

At the current levels, the data indicate that futures traders have been leaning on the sell side for several weeks, either hedging their exposure or taking a defensive stance as prices weaken.

If spot market demand is unable to absorb the supply close to support, this ongoing imbalance raises the possibility of prolonged consolidation or additional losses, but it does not guarantee that prices will continue to decline right away.

Ethereum price technical analysis

Ethereum is still clearly in a downward trend. Since late December, there have been consistently lower highs and lower lows, suggesting that the correction is still ongoing. Sellers continue to dominate the market, as shown by the price remaining below the 20-day moving average.

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Ethereum price correction deepens: Can bulls defend $1,900 as bearish futures sentiment hits 3-month low? - 1
Ethereum daily chart. Credit: crypto.news

Volatility has spiked sharply. The recent downturn pushed ETH close to the lower Bollinger Band around $1,600, with the bands widening, a classic sign of a strong directional move. Despite a minor recovery from that extreme, the price is still trading close to the lower half of the range, suggesting that selling pressure has lessened but not reversed. 

A crucial psychological and technical level is now the $1,900 mark. It lines up with a previous consolidation zone where buyers once tried to stabilize prices. If Ethereum breaks below this level decisively, it could drop toward $1,600–$1,650, near the lower edge of the recent volatility range.

Momentum readings remain weak. The relative strength index sits around 32–33, recently brushing near oversold territory. Such levels sometimes trigger short-term rallies, but no bullish divergence has appeared. Throughout the correction, RSI has failed to climb back above 50, keeping overall momentum firmly in the bearish camp.

For bulls to regain control, a daily close holding above $1,900 and RSI pushing back into the 40–45 range would be necessary. If $1,900 fails, downside risk remains elevated. 

A move toward $1,600, and potentially lower, would be consistent with both the current technical structure and further bearish tilt in futures sentiment.

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3 Things That Could Influence Crypto and Bitcoin Prices This Week

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How Will Markets React to $3B Crypto Options Expiring Today?


A short but busy week lies ahead on the United States economic calendar as spot crypto markets lose recent gains again.

All eyes will be on the PCE inflation report this week, following last week’s CPI, and the Federal Reserve minutes on Wednesday.

January’s CPI came in slightly below expectations, with headline inflation at 2.38% year-on-year and core CPI at 2.5%, the lowest since early 2021. This boosted the stock and crypto markets on Friday, but gains in the latter were soon eroded over the weekend.

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“Meanwhile, geopolitical tensions remain, and macroeconomic uncertainty is elevated,” said the Kobeissi Letter, cautioning of “more volatility this week.”

Economic Events Feb. 16 to 20

Traditional markets are closed in the US on Monday for the President’s Day holiday.

There is an ADP employment update on Tuesday, followed by the January Retail Sales report. Wednesday sees more consumer spending data with the delayed December Durable Goods Orders numbers.

The Fed meeting minutes are also released on Wednesday, and there will be 10 central bank speaker events, which could shed light on future monetary policy decisions.

Investors will also get an early look at economic growth for the fourth quarter with the Thursday release of the GDP report.

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However, the big data of the week is the December Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) inflation report.

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Based on the January CPI data, Goldman Sachs raised its PCE outlook, according to reports.

“We estimate that the core PCE price index rose 0.40% in January,” said economists.

The growth projections were due to rising consumer electronics and IT prices, which are more heavily weighted in PCE than CPI. A global RAM and storage shortage due to AI data center demand has caused computer and component prices to surge.

“So far, data doesn’t offer much reason for the Fed to cut rates at its next meeting in March,” wrote The Street.

The CME Fed Watch Tool has a 90% probability that rates will remain unchanged.

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Crypto Market Outlook

Crypto markets have lost last week’s late gains, with total capitalization dropping 2.5% over the past 24 hours in a fall back to $2.41 trillion.

Bitcoin failed to hold above $70,000 for long and retreated to $68,300 in early Asian trading on Monday. The asset has remained rangebound for the past ten days.

Ether prices have tanked hard, shedding 5% from almost $2,100 back to $1,950 at the time of writing, while the altcoins continue to bleed out.

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Animoca Brands Secures VARA VASP License in Dubai to Serve Institutions

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Animoca Brands Secures VARA VASP License in Dubai to Serve Institutions

Animoca Brands has secured a Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) license from Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA), clearing the way for the company to broaden its crypto operations across the Middle East.

The license allows the Hong Kong-founded Web3 investor and platform developer to offer broker-dealer services and investment management related to virtual assets in and from Dubai, excluding the Dubai International Financial Centre, according to a Monday announcement. The services are aimed primarily at institutional and qualified investors worldwide.

“This licence enhances our ability to engage with Web3 foundations as well as global institutional and qualified investors within a well-regulated framework,” Omar Elassar, managing director for the Middle East and head of global strategic partnerships at Animoca Brands, said.

VARA, established in March 2022, is responsible for regulating and overseeing the provision, use, and exchange of digital assets across Dubai’s mainland and free zones.

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Related: Dubai and UAE move to align crypto frameworks under new partnership

Animoca to serve institutional investors in Dubai

VARA’s public register shows that the license was issued on Feb. 5. It permits the firm to serve institutional and qualified investors under the oversight of Dubai’s VARA.

Animoca wins VASP license. Source: VARA

Animoca Brands develops blockchain platforms and supports Web3 ecosystems, including The Sandbox, Open Campus and Moca Network, while also backing early-stage projects. The company says its investment portfolio spans more than 600 companies and digital-asset initiatives.

In January, Animoca Brands acquired gaming and digital collectibles company Somo, adding Somo’s playable and tradable collectibles to its broader portfolio of blockchain-based projects.

Related: What Dubai’s ban on Monero and Zcash signals for regulated crypto

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Crypto firms expand crypto operations in Dubai

The move adds to a growing list of crypto firms establishing regulated operations in Dubai. In October 2025, digital asset infrastructure firm BitGo also obtained a broker-dealer license from Dubai’s VARA, allowing its Middle East and North Africa unit to provide regulated digital-asset trading and intermediation services to institutional clients in the emirate.