Crypto World
Tom Lee ignites Bitmine rally hopes with Russell 1000 push
Bitmine has strengthened expectations for a potential stock rally after Chairman Tom Lee highlighted the company’s chances of joining the Russell 1000 index ahead of the benchmark’s latest reconstitution update.
Summary
- Tom Lee said Bitmine could join the Russell 1000, potentially attracting fresh institutional buying demand.
- Bitmine holds 4.72 million ETH worth about $8.1 billion, making it the largest Ethereum treasury company.
- The company expects roughly $219 million in annual staking rewards to help support BMNP dividends.
According to Tom Lee, the updated list of companies entering and exiting the Russell 1000 is scheduled for release on June 18, with Bitmine Immersion Technologies potentially qualifying for inclusion.
Lee argued that membership could increase demand for the stock because many institutional funds and asset managers are required to allocate capital only to companies included in major indexes.
The comments arrived as Bitmine continued expanding its position as one of the largest corporate holders of Ethereum. As crypto.news reported earlier, the company recently disclosed holdings of 4,718,677 ETH, valued at approximately $8.1 billion based on an ETH price of $1,718. Bitmine said the position makes it the largest Ethereum treasury company globally and the second-largest crypto treasury overall behind Strategy.
Russell 1000 inclusion could attract institutional demand
Speaking about the upcoming Russell reconstitution, Lee said index inclusion could open the door to additional buying from funds that track or benchmark against the Russell 1000. According to Lee, those investment mandates could create a new source of demand for BMNR shares if the company is added to the index.
Investors have closely watched Bitmine’s stock performance in recent sessions as the company rolls out new funding vehicles tied to its Ethereum accumulation strategy.
BMNR shares remained volatile but continued to hold above a closely watched support zone near $16. Yahoo Finance data showed the stock trading around $16.54 on June 17, up roughly 2% on the session after moving between $16.03 and $16.70.

The shares had previously closed at $16.21 after reaching an intraday high of $17.26 following the launch of Bitmine’s preferred stock.
At the same time, Bitmine’s newly listed BMNP preferred shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on June 16. The security, formally known as the 9.50% Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock, was issued after the company sold 3.5 million shares at $80 each on June 10, generating approximately $273.8 million in net proceeds after fees and expenses.
Ethereum staking supports preferred stock strategy
Bitmine has tied the preferred stock directly to its Ethereum treasury operations. According to company disclosures, proceeds from the offering will support additional ETH purchases, while staking rewards generated from the company’s holdings are expected to help fund dividend payments.
Lee stated that projected annualized staking rewards of roughly $219 million provide recurring cash flow to support dividends tied to the preferred shares. The preferred stock carries a 9.50% dividend rate, with payments distributed weekly.
Trading data from the NYSE showed BMNP climbing above its initial offering price after listing. The preferred shares changed hands near $89 at press time after fluctuating between roughly $88 and $92 during early trading, while exchange data showed the security previously reaching as high as $88 following the initial offering.
By combining a growing Ethereum treasury, staking-generated income, and a new preferred stock structure, Bitmine has positioned itself as one of the most closely watched crypto-linked equities ahead of the Russell 1000 update that Lee believes could become the company’s next major catalyst.
Crypto World
Bitcoin and ether ETFs lost $111 million combined as rate-cut hopes died
US spot bitcoin and ether ETFs both turned to outflows on Wednesday in a sign the recovery rally has lost its institutional bid.
Bitcoin funds lost $82 million and ether funds $29 million, SoSoValue data shows. The bitcoin outflow was broad this time, with even BlackRock’s IBIT shedding $31 million and ARKB down $44 million, while every ether fund finished in the red.
The trigger was the Federal Reserve. Kevin Warsh’s first meeting as chair held rates at 3.50% to 3.75% on Wednesday, as expected, but the projections turned hawkish.
The median forecast now sees the policy rate ending 2026 at 3.8%, up from 3.4% in March, and nine of 18 officials penciled in a hike this year. Markets put the odds of an increase as soon as October near 60%. The rate cuts that helped power the bounce are gone.
The price tape stalled with the flows. Total crypto market value has held flat near $2.26 trillion since Tuesday’s close, and bitcoin has eased to about $63,800, mid-range of the climb it built over the past 11 days, per CoinDesk data.
The macro backdrop has flipped. The peace deal that drove the recovery eased inflation fears, but a Fed now leaning toward hikes has replaced the cut bets crypto was counting on.
The next tests are October hike odds and whether the ETF bid returns.
Crypto World
Block’s Builderbot AI Handles 15% of Production Code
Jack Dorsey’s financial services firm Block rolled out a new suite of AI-native tools on Wednesday, which it says can execute around 15% of all production code changes across the company.
The new AI tooling, Builderbot, is able to execute over 200,000 operations per day and merges approximately 1,500 pull requests per week, said the company.
“The best way to think about Builderbot is as the missing layer between AI coding tools and how engineering actually works at scale,” said Brad Axen, head of AI capabilities at Block. “What used to take months now takes days,” the company added.
The figures show that autonomous AI agents are now able to execute a measurable share of the actual work that ships to production. It is a scaling signal as basic AI coding assistants have evolved into AI software engineers capable of much more than churning out code.
The AI tool also sheds new light on Block’s decision to lay off 40% of its staff in February, which Dorsey attributed to the rapid acceleration of AI at the company.
Builderbot understands Block’s full codebase
Builderbot is an orchestration layer that coordinates multiple AI agents across the company’s entire codebase.
Unlike typical coding assistants limited to a single repo, Builderbot understands Block’s full codebase, every service, API and convention, allowing any engineer to make changes anywhere in the company’s systems.
“An engineer working on Cash App can use it to make a change in a Square service they’ve never touched, because the system already knows how that service works,” the company said.
This means that production can also be significantly scaled up with the AI handling the repetitive work, and engineers making the decisions that shape the product.
“It means an idea can go from backlog to live in front of millions of customers in days instead of months,” added Axen.
Related: AI agents with crypto could escape and become ‘unstoppable,’ experts warn
Block said it is sharing details of Builderbot because it believes the shift from AI-assisted coding to AI-native engineering is “one of the most important conversations happening in technology right now.”
“The problems we’re solving aren’t unique to Block: orchestrating AI agents across a massive codebase, maintaining quality at speed, keeping humans focused on judgment and taste rather than scaffolding.”
AI agents are doing more coding
Block isn’t the only firm to use AI agents for its software development. Engineers at Spotify have been using a background coding agent called Honk, which runs a version of Claude via Anthropic’s Agent SDK.
Co-CEO Gustav Söderström said in a February earnings call that Spotify’s best developers “have not written a single line of code since December.”
Google CEO Sundar Pichai said in April that three-quarters of the company’s new code is AI-generated.
Meanwhile, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella revealed in 2025 that the company now uses AI to write between 20% and 30% of the code powering its software.
Magazine: The end of anon? AI could unmask crypto’s hidden identities
Crypto World
France sets 2027 quantum encryption test as crypto watches
France’s cybersecurity agency ANSSI plans to stop certifying security products that do not support quantum-resistant encryption from 2027.
Summary
- France’s 2027 deadline turns quantum-safe encryption from guidance into a certification requirement for key vendors.
- Crypto networks face fresh pressure because quantum computers could threaten exposed keys and validator signatures.
- Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Algorand and Aptos are already part of wider post-quantum security planning.
The rule would affect products used by French government bodies and critical infrastructure operators, where ANSSI approval often decides whether a product can be deployed in sensitive systems.
ANSSI Chief of Staff Samih Souissi said businesses should buy only quantum-safe products by 2030. He said, “It’s not only a technical issue. It’s a matter of governance, industrial planning, regulation, and sovereignty.” The statement turns a long-running warning into a clear procurement test for vendors seeking public-sector access.
2027 becomes a global deadline
France’s move places it close to the U.S. National Security Agency’s CNSA 2.0 timeline. Under that program, new U.S. national security system acquisitions must support approved quantum-resistant algorithms from Jan. 1, 2027. Systems that cannot support the new suite must be phased out by the end of 2030.
The shared date matters for vendors that sell into defense, government, banking and critical infrastructure markets. A product that lacks post-quantum cryptography may soon lose access to major public contracts. The shift gives suppliers less room to treat quantum readiness as a future upgrade or marketing label. It also creates a clear date for budgets, audits and product roadmaps.
Crypto enters the same security debate
The crypto industry relies on cryptography to protect wallets, validators and blockchain transactions. Current blockchains do not face an active quantum attack, but researchers and companies warn that upgrade work can take years. That makes planning part of the security process, not a last-minute patch after stronger quantum machines arrive.
Bitcoin remains a central concern because some older or reused addresses expose public keys. Coinbase’s advisory board has urged Bitcoin developers to begin building a migration path toward post-quantum cryptography. The debate is difficult because any forced migration could affect inactive wallets and coins believed to be lost. A slow migration could also leave users unsure which wallets remain safe.
Blockchain upgrades face schedule pressure
Some networks have already mapped out early steps. Coinbase has said Algorand and Aptos are better placed for a post-quantum transition than many rivals. It also warned that proof-of-stake chains such as Ethereum and Solana may need extra work because validator signatures help secure the networks and keep consensus running.
Ethereum and Solana have both discussed paths toward quantum-resistant signatures. Algorand has tested quantum-resistant tools, while Aptos has an account design that could make upgrades easier. These steps do not remove the threat, but they show that major networks are treating post-quantum security as part of long-term planning.
France’s decision adds regulatory pressure to a technical race. Vendors must now show how products can survive future quantum threats, while crypto teams must explain how wallets, validators and users can migrate safely. The 2027 and 2030 dates give the market a schedule, even if blockchain upgrades follow different governance processes.
Crypto World
Tether shuts down Alloy as XAUT becomes bigger gold bet
Tether is winding down Alloy by Tether and its gold-backed derivative stablecoin aUSDT after reviewing user activity, market demand and wider business priorities.
Summary
- Tether is ending Alloy and aUSDT while steering users toward XAUT and core stablecoin products.
- Users can return aUSDT for XAUT until Sept. 17 before recovery through Alloy fully ends.
- The move follows Tether’s wider shift toward liquid products, tokenization, AI, robotics and infrastructure bets.
The company said it will stop support for the product in phases, starting with an immediate block on new positions and new aUSDT minting.
The move ends a product launched in June 2024. Alloy allowed users to deposit Tether Gold, or XAUT, as collateral and mint aUSDT through Ethereum smart contracts. The structure gave users dollar-like liquidity without selling their gold exposure. It also gave Tether a live test of how users treat gold-backed collateral in on-chain markets.
Users face September deadline
Tether said existing users can still return aUSDT and remove their XAUT for three months. The cut-off date is Sept. 17, 2026. After that date, users who have not returned aUSDT will no longer be able to recover XAUT through the Alloy platform.
The company said Alloy gave it data on demand for gold-backed digital assets, collateral products and tokenized real-world assets. It said it will now focus on products with “stronger user demand, deeper liquidity, and broader long-term market opportunity.” Alloy’s market cap stood near $1.2 million, backed by 14.73 kilograms of gold worth about $2.2 million, according to Tether.
XAUT stays at center of gold strategy
The decision does not mark a pullback from tokenized gold. Tether is keeping XAUT as a core product. XAUT gives users exposure to physical gold through a blockchain-based token, while aUSDT was a separate product built on top of XAUT collateral.
As previously reported by crypto.news, Tether listed XAUT on Maxbit in Thailand as demand for gold-backed digital assets grew. That report also noted that aUSDT was designed to track one U.S. dollar while relying on gold reserves rather than a standard fiat reserve model. Tether has since kept XAUT closer to its main gold plan than Alloy.
By comparison, XAUT remains much larger, with about $3 billion in market value and more than 22,000 kilograms of physical gold backing, according to company figures. That gap helps explain why Tether is keeping the gold token while ending the smaller derivative product.
Tether trims smaller products
Alloy is not the only product Tether has cut. In February, Tether said it would stop supporting CNHT, its Chinese yuan stablecoin, due to low interest and limited community demand. The company had also stopped support for EURT, its euro stablecoin, after citing market and regulatory conditions in Europe.
These moves show a tighter product strategy. Tether is keeping focus on USDT, XAUT and infrastructure that can support larger market demand. The company has also built Hadron, its tokenization platform, and has looked at new currency products, including a planned Georgian lari stablecoin.
Tether’s product review comes as the company expands outside stablecoins. It has put money into Bitcoin mining, artificial intelligence, cloud tools and robotics. As previously reported by crypto.news, Tether joined Neura Robotics’ $1.4 billion funding round alongside firms such as Nvidia, Amazon and Qualcomm.
The company has also been active in tokenization partnerships. As previously reported, Tether signed an MoU with DMCC to explore blockchain adoption, digital payments and tokenized asset projects in Dubai. The aUSDT wind-down fits that wider shift toward products with more liquidity, clearer use cases and larger markets.
Crypto World
Michael Saylor Calls Bitcoin the Base Layer for a New Digital Capital Stack
Strategy executive chairman Michael Saylor says the company’s core purpose is creating financial products backed by Bitcoin (BTC), a business model he compared to a reserve bank.
According to him, Bitcoin’s next stage of development should be about building a layered capital market around it.
From Digital Gold to Digital Architecture
In a June 16 article published on X, Saylor crowned BTC as the foundation of a digital asset stack that includes digital credit, digital money, digital yield products, and digital equity.
According to him, Bitcoin’s heavy price volatility is exactly what makes it suitable as a base asset for financial products that satisfy different investor needs. He propounded that corporations, banks, insurers, retirees, and payment companies may soon drift towards other forms of exposure and away from directly holding Bitcoin.
“The answer is not to change Bitcoin, it is to build products above Bitcoin that match the needs of each pool of capital,” the American entrepreneur’s article read.
He also explained that digital money should be pegged to fiat since the world’s obligations are still priced in fiat. In his opinion, most people don’t want a checking account that moves 5% in a day, and stablecoins have proved there’s genuine product-market fit for digital dollars.
That broader view was echoed by analyst Maksym Sakharov, who recently argued that Bitcoin’s long-term use case extends beyond the “digital gold” narrative. According to him, settlement activity, collateral usage, and financial infrastructure built around Bitcoin may become more important adoption metrics than short-term price performance.
For Saylor, that evolution is already underway.
“Bitcoin remains Bitcoin,” he wrote. “The world builds on top.”
Speaking in an interview with Coin Stories host Natalie Brunell during the annual BTC Prague conference, Saylor clarified how the largest publicly traded BTC treasury company uses its holdings to support credit instruments for investor income.
“Yeah, well, our company is like a Bitcoin reserve bank. The idea of the company is you have a tower of equity of $50 billion or more of equity capital, you own Bitcoin with that equity capital, and then you issue credit against it,” he told Brunell.
Saylor Pushes Back Against Critics
The Strategy executive chairman also pushed back against critics, who’ve been laying into him for selling 32 BTC at the tail end of May and claiming that the company was part of why the market had been trading in the red.
“I got very, very famous for saying, you don’t sell your Bitcoin to the plebs. And on X, the Twitter trolls thought it’s pretty easy to say, ‘the most famous guy in the world for saying, don’t sell your Bitcoin, just sold some Bitcoin,’” the businessman said.
In the same interview, the permabull reaffirmed his belief that Bitcoin could see a 500x jump from its current levels, although it would need global credit markets to pull institutional capital into the Bitcoin ecosystem.
The post Michael Saylor Calls Bitcoin the Base Layer for a New Digital Capital Stack appeared first on CryptoPotato.
Crypto World
Tether Winds Down Alloy and aUSDT Gold-Backed Stablecoin
Stablecoin issuer Tether is winding down Alloy by Tether and its gold-backed, overcollateralized aUSDT stablecoin after just two years to focus on products and areas with stronger demand.
Tether announced its “strategic changes” on Wednesday following a review of user activity, market demand, and the company’s “broader priorities.”
Tether said it has decided to focus resources on areas where it is seeing “stronger user demand, deeper liquidity and broader long-term market opportunity,” including its gold-backed digital asset XAUT and other core products across its ecosystem.
While stablecoins remain Tether’s core business, the company has shown a growing interest in technology outside stablecoins. Its investments include Bitcoin mining infrastructure, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and robotics. Most recently, it led German tech company NEURA’s $1 billion funding round on June 11.
Tether’s aUSDT is an overcollateralized derivative product built on top of XAUT using Ethereum smart contracts, which also reflects the demand for gold-backed and tokenized real-world assets.
Alloy by Tether allowed users to deposit XAUT as collateral to mint aUSDT, with the value of XAUT locked exceeding the value of aUSDT issued, similar to how some stablecoins or synthetic dollars are created against crypto collateral in DeFi.
Users could borrow or mint against their XAUT holdings, letting them access dollar-like liquidity without selling their gold exposure.
Alloy by Tether, announced in June 2024, has a current market capitalization of $1.2 million and is backed by 14.73 kilograms of gold worth around $2.2 million, according to Tether.
Tether Gold remains popular
The winding down will happen in phases, the first of which starts immediately by preventing the opening of new positions or the minting of new aUSDT. Users have three months to return their aUSDT and reclaim their XAUT until the cut-off date on Sept. 17.
Related: Tether expands robotics push with lead role in NEURA’s $1B-plus funding round
XAUT remains popular with a market capitalization of $3 billion and is backed by 22,169 kilograms of physical gold, according to the company.
Its market cap surged earlier this year when gold prices hit an all-time high of just over $5,300 per ounce. However, it has retreated by 19% since then.
Tether also bought a 12% stake in precious metals platform Gold.com for $150 million in February, with plans to integrate XAUT into the platform.
Chinese yuan and euro stablecoins axed
Alloy by Tether is not the only product the company has shelved this year.
In February, Tether announced it was discontinuing its Chinese yuan stablecoin, CNHT, citing “evolving market conditions, low interest in the product, and limited sustained community demand,” relative to other supported assets.
In November, it wound down its euro stablecoin, EURT, citing European regulatory issues and a focus on other initiatives such as Hadron, its asset tokenization platform launched in 2024.
However, in May, Tether announced that it planned to launch a Georgian lari stablecoin, GELT, in cooperation with the government of Georgia.
Magazine: The end of anon? AI could unmask crypto’s hidden identities
Crypto World
Kentucky Sues Prediction Markets Over Sports Event Contracts
Kentucky has sued five prediction market platforms, including Kalshi and Polymarket, adding to a wave of US states launching legal fights with prediction markets over sports event contracts.
State Attorney General Russell Coleman said in a statement Wednesday that his office filed lawsuits in state court against Polymarket and Kalshi — also naming Kalshi partners Coinbase, Robinhood and Webull — accusing them of “operating unlicensed and illegal sports betting and gambling platforms.”
“Kalshi and Polymarket are operating illegal sportsbooks in Kentucky and breaking our laws,” Coleman said. “These multi-billion dollar corporations and their legal fictions don’t pass the sniff test. As one of our state legislative leaders said it best, ‘If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck…’”
Kalshi and Polymarket together recorded $25 billion in monthly trading volume in May, per Token Terminal. Lawsuits from multiple US states risk locking them out of some of the largest markets in the US.

Kentucky Attorney General Russell Coleman gives a speech in April. Source: YouTube
At least 17 other states have taken prediction market operators to court, attracting the involvement of the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the White House.
Multiple state authorities have argued that event contracts tied to sports are sports betting and require state-level licenses. Prediction markets have argued that their event contracts are swaps regulated under federal commodities law.
That position is backed by the CFTC, which has sued eight states after they took action against prediction markets, claiming they were stepping on its authority.
Kentucky’s lawsuits claimed that Polymarket, Kalshi and their partners are “doing business without a Kentucky gaming license or following state regulations” and that their sports event contracts “fall squarely within the definition of ‘sports wagering’ under Kentucky law.”
The state also alleged the platforms offer users “few or no resources” to identify or seek help for a gambling problem as required by state law.
A Polymarket spokesperson told Cointelegraph Kentucky’s action “runs counter to the CFTC’s established framework for regulating prediction markets. We look forward to addressing these claims through the appropriate legal process.”
Kalshi spokesperson Jacki McGavick told Cointelegraph that “Kalshi is a federally regulated exchange — the CFTC is our regulator, not the states. Courts have already recognized this, and we’re confident they will here too.”
The CFTC did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Related: Prediction market battle gets closer to Supreme Court
Kalshi and Polymarket, through a coalition of platforms, are already tied up in legal action with Kentucky after suing the state on Friday to claim its first-in-the-country 14.25% tax on prediction market transaction fees is discriminatory and oversteps federal law.
Kentucky’s action comes after authorities in Montana, Nevada, Utah, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Maryland had issued cease-and-desist letters to prediction markets and were subsequently sued by the platforms.
Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Michigan, Massachusetts and Kentucky have also chosen to sue prediction market platforms, including Kalshi.
Some of the legal battles have so far reached appeals courts and have seen mixed results. On Wednesday, a Michigan federal judge ruled against Polymarket in its lawsuit against the state, finding that its sports event contracts are not swaps under the CFTC’s authority.
Other courts have also sided with prediction markets, such as the Third Circuit Court of Appeals’ ruling in April that New Jersey regulators could not prevent Kalshi from offering sports event contracts in the state.
US President Donald Trump, whose son Donald Trump Jr. is on the advisory board for Polymarket and is an adviser to Kalshi, said in May that it was “critically important that the CFTC’s exclusive authority over Prediction Markets is maintained.”
Magazine: Should users be allowed to bet on war and death in prediction markets?
Crypto World
This bitcoin level has historically meant over 100% median returns, Kraken says
Bitcoin has recently been flirting with a level that has historically proved a near-perfect entry point for bulls, generating handsome returns, crypto exchange Kraken’s Chief Economist Thomas Perfumo told CoinDesk.
That level is the 200-week simple moving average (SMA), which represents the token’s average price over that period, providing traders with a clear glimpse of the long-term trend while cutting through day-to-day noise.
Twice in the past two weeks, BTC dipped briefly below its 200-week SMA before climbing back above it by the end of each week. As of writing, bitcoin is trading at $63,900, just above the 200-week SMA of $62,358.
That’s notable because, as per Perfumo, closes below this level have been rare, occurring on only about 10% of trading days since mid-2017, and have historically marked unusually attractive entry points for buyers.
“Historically, buyers at this level have gone on to see median returns north of 113% over the following year and 313% over two years,” Perfumo said in an email.
Crypto World
XRP slips 4% below $1.20 after breakout rally stalls near key resistance
XRP’s push toward $1.25 ran into the same problem that has capped every rally since the spring selloff: sellers waiting overhead. After briefly trading above $1.22, the token lost the $1.20 level on heavy volume and spent the rest of the session trying to stabilize above support near $1.18.
The pullback doesn’t fully undo last week’s breakout, but it does show buyers still have work to do before the market can challenge higher resistance levels.
News Background
• XRP remains in focus after recent ETF inflows and growing institutional participation helped drive last week’s rally above $1.20.
• Analysts continue to watch the $1.11-$1.15 demand zone that launched the latest recovery, viewing it as the line separating a correction from a larger breakdown.
• Longer-term charts still show XRP trading beneath major moving averages despite the rebound from early June lows.
Price Action Summary
• XRP fell from $1.2170 to $1.1869 during the 24-hour session, losing 2.5%.
• Selling intensified during the June 17 19:00 UTC session when volume surged to 128.7 million XRP, more than double normal levels, breaking support at $1.20.
• The token later found buyers near $1.1750 and recovered modestly into the close, holding above the session low of $1.1747.
Technical Analysis
• The loss of $1.20 is the key development. That level had acted as support after XRP’s breakout above $1.14 and $1.18 earlier in the week.
Crypto World
Kentucky tests CFTC power with lawsuit against Kalshi, Polymarket
Kentucky Attorney General Russell Coleman has filed lawsuits against Kalshi, Polymarket and several related partners, accusing them of offering unlicensed sports betting in the state.
Summary
- Kentucky says prediction markets crossed into sports betting, while platforms claim federal law controls contracts.
- Kalshi and Polymarket now face lawsuits, tax disputes, and split court rulings across several states.
- The CFTC backs federal oversight as state regulators push licensing, consumer protections, and gambling rules.
The Kalshi case also names Coinbase, Robinhood and Webull, which Kentucky says helped give users access to sports event contracts.
The lawsuits were filed in Franklin Circuit Court. They argue that the platforms offered markets tied to game winners, point spreads and player statistics without a Kentucky gaming license. Coleman said, “Kalshi and Polymarket are operating illegal sportsbooks in Kentucky and breaking our laws.”
State says sports contracts fall under betting law
Kentucky claims the products fit the state definition of sports wagering, even when platforms call them event contracts. The state says users can place trades on outcomes that look similar to wagers offered by licensed sportsbooks, including money lines, spreads and prop-style markets.
The attorney general’s office also accused the platforms of offering few or no tools for users who may need help with gambling problems. Kentucky law requires licensed operators to meet consumer protection rules. The state says those protections are missing from the platforms named in the cases.
Kalshi and Polymarket reject state control
Kalshi and Polymarket have argued in other cases that their products fall under federal commodities law, not state gambling law. Kalshi has said it operates as a federally regulated exchange under the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. A company spokesperson said, “The CFTC is our regulator, not the states.”
Polymarket has also pushed back against state action. The company said Kentucky’s lawsuit goes against the CFTC’s framework for prediction markets and said it will address the claims through the legal process. Both companies say state licensing rules should not control contracts listed under federal commodities oversight.
Broader legal fight grows across the U.S.
The Kentucky cases come as prediction market firms face pressure from several state regulators. Montana, Nevada, Utah, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Maryland have sent cease-and-desist letters or taken legal steps against operators. Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Michigan, Massachusetts and Kentucky have also sued platforms tied to sports event contracts.
The CFTC has taken the opposite view in several disputes. The agency has sued states, saying event contracts traded on federally regulated exchanges fall under its authority. Courts have not reached one clear answer. The Third Circuit sided with Kalshi in a New Jersey case, while other courts have allowed state gambling cases to move forward. For users, the cases may decide which rules platforms must follow before offering sports markets.
Tax dispute adds another front
Kentucky is also fighting prediction market firms over taxes. A coalition that includes Kalshi, Crypto.com and Polymarket sued the state over a new 14.25% tax on prediction market transaction fees. The group says the tax targets federally regulated markets and treats prediction platforms worse than some state gambling businesses. The tax suit remains separate from the new gambling complaints.
The legal pressure comes as trading volumes and product lines grow. Kalshi has expanded into crypto-linked perpetual futures and reported more than $5.5 billion in volume within two weeks of launch. At the same time, compliance concerns are rising. Kalshi recently partnered with StarCompliance to help financial firms monitor employee prediction market trades.
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