XRP is attracting money, but not buyers. ETF products continue pulling in fresh inflows and exchange balances keep shrinking, yet price has fallen back to levels last seen in February. When a market stops responding to bullish developments, traders tend to focus less on the story and more on where the next support level sits.

News Background

• XRP marked its 14th anniversary this week, commemorating the 2012 genesis event that created the network’s 100 billion token supply.

• XRP investment products recorded $20.3 million in weekly inflows even as digital asset funds broadly suffered $1.5 billion in outflows.

• More than 25 million XRP left exchanges in recent days, extending a trend that typically signals longer-term accumulation rather than immediate selling pressure.

Price Action Summary

• XRP dropped from $1.2360 to $1.1497 during the 24-hour session, touching lows near $1.14 before recovering slightly.

• Volume surged to 248.2 million XRP during a support test, marking one of the largest trading bursts of the week.

• The selloff extended losses that began with the breakdown below $1.25, a level that had acted as support throughout much of the spring consolidation.

Technical Analysis

• XRP has now erased the entire $1.20-$1.60 trading range that defined the past four months, putting focus on support levels last tested during February’s selloff.

• The bigger issue is not the decline itself but the repeated failure of recovery attempts. Rallies in January stalled near $2.40, while a second rebound attempt in May failed around $1.54, reinforcing the broader downtrend.

• The monthly RSI has slipped below 43, a level reached only a handful of times in XRP’s history. Previous occurrences coincided with major market resets, though not necessarily immediate bottoms.

• A sharp bounce from the $1.14 area produced signs of short-term seller exhaustion, but volume outside the initial reversal remained largely routine, limiting confidence in the recovery.

What traders should watch

• $1.14-$1.15 is now the immediate support zone. A break lower shifts focus toward $1.11 and potentially the sub-$1.00 area highlighted by some bearish analysts.

• $1.28 has flipped from support into resistance and remains the first major level XRP would need to reclaim to stabilize sentiment.

• ETF inflows, exchange outflows and whale activity continue pointing toward accumulation underneath the surface. The problem for bulls is that price has yet to confirm any of it.

• XRP is approaching a genuine inflection point. Either buyers start defending the current range with conviction, or the market risks turning a four-month consolidation into a much larger breakdown.

When Zero Network announced it was shutting down last month, the reaction across crypto was weary: Another Ethereum layer-2 just bit the dust.

The closure joined a growing list of struggling rollups and came amid renewed debate about whether Ethereum’s sprawling layer-2 ecosystem has become too crowded. At the same time, Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin has urged developers to rethink the network’s long-term scaling roadmap, while several major projects have shifted away from marketing themselves as general-purpose blockchains and toward more focused applications in payments, stablecoins and tokenized assets.

To many observers, the developments have revived a familiar question: Has Ethereum’s sprawling layer-2 ecosystem become too crowded?

Industry participants, however, argue the opposite.

“The thing to recognize is that anywhere where somebody would be running a smart contract on an existing blockchain, someone could equally run a layer two,” said Ben Fisch, co-founder and CEO of Espresso Systems. “We’re in a consolidation phase for general-purpose layer twos, not layer twos broadly.”

Ethereum layer-2s exploded over the past several years as improvements in rollup technology dramatically reduced the cost and complexity of launching new chains. Rollups work by processing transactions off Ethereum’s main blockchain, bundling hundreds of them together, and then periodically posting compressed transaction data back to Ethereum for settlement and security. The model allows applications to offer faster transactions and lower fees while still relying on Ethereum as the ultimate source of trust.

The result was a flood of networks built using infrastructure stacks such as Optimism’s OP Stack, Arbitrum Orbit and zkSync. But while launching a chain became easier, attracting users proved much harder.

“There were way too many general-purpose layer twos, which frankly don’t make sense as a product, because there’s no reason to have many, many versions of the same thing,” Fisch said.

The numbers support that view. Today, activity across Ethereum’s layer-2 ecosystem remains heavily concentrated among a handful of networks. Base and Arbitrum alone account for more than 80% of layer-2 DeFi total value locked (TVL), according to DefiLlama data.

That concentration has only become more apparent as smaller chains struggle to maintain liquidity. Over the past six months, networks including Linea, World Chain, Starknet and Mantle have all seen declining bridge deposits. Linea’s deposits, for example, fell from $976 million in November 2025 to $367 million in May 2026, a decline of more than 60%.

“I think only a few L2s with clear financial demand will be able to sustain themselves over time,” said Alice Hou, a former research analyst at Messari, to CoinDesk.

For Hou, the key issue isn’t whether layer-2 technology works, it’s whether a network can generate enough activity to justify its existence.

“Without enough blockspace demand, user activity or developer traction, there is little reason to continue maintaining an L2,” she said.

Ironically, the economics of launching a rollup have never looked better. Ethereum’s Dencun upgrade, introduced in 2024, dramatically reduced the cost of posting rollup data to Ethereum through blobs. According to Messari research, data availability costs now represent only a small fraction of operator expenses for many OP Stack chains.

“From an operator perspective, it is definitely cheaper to run an L2 today,” Hou said. “The economics of launching an L2 have become easier, but the real challenge is still generating enough sustained demand to make the network worth operating.”

That dynamic has created a paradox. The barriers to creating a blockchain continue to fall, but the barriers to attracting users continue to rise. As a result, many teams are discovering that simply offering another Ethereum-compatible chain is no longer enough.

“People have realized that all the different general-purpose blockchains compete with each other,” Fisch said. “If you want to succeed, you need to build out a differentiated application.”

From infrastructure to applications

The shift is already visible across the industry. Several blockchain projects that once emphasized infrastructure are increasingly focusing on payments, stablecoins, tokenized assets and other application-specific markets. Traditional financial institutions may become some of the biggest beneficiaries.

Fisch pointed to asset managers launching tokenized money-market funds, stablecoin issuers and tokenized deposit platforms as examples of businesses that have clear reasons to operate on-chain. For those firms, a dedicated layer-2 can offer lower costs, greater control and more predictable performance than deploying directly as a smart contract.

“The technology decision to run as a layer two is simply an option of running an application onchain,” Fisch said.

Hou said she agreed that distribution matters more than technology.

“Only L2s with a solid existing user base and a clear reason to benefit from blockchain infrastructure should launch their own networks,” she said.

That helps explain why exchanges remain among the strongest candidates. Coinbase’s Base has become the dominant example, leveraging the exchange’s existing customer base while integrating users into Ethereum’s broader DeFi ecosystem.

“The question should not be, ‘Can this company launch an L2?’” Hou said. “It should be: ‘Does this business already have enough distribution, financial activity and ecosystem synergies to make an L2 meaningfully useful?’”

A different vision for the layer-2 landscape

The debate also reflects a deeper disagreement about what layer-2s are actually for. For years, Ethereum advocates framed rollups primarily as a scaling solution for Ethereum itself.

Fisch said he sees them differently.

“I don’t view layer twos as scaling Ethereum,” he said. “I view layer twos as leveraging the existing security properties of layer one.”

In that framework, Ethereum functions less as a destination and more as a settlement layer that applications can use when it makes sense.

“Ethereum is sort of a commodity that layer twos can choose to use,” Fisch said.

That vision aligns with a broader trend unfolding across crypto infrastructure. Rather than competing to become the next dominant blockchain, more projects are increasingly treating blockchains as modular components that can be assembled into larger products.

If that trend continues, the future Ethereum ecosystem may look very different from the one imagined during the rollup boom. Instead of hundreds of competing general-purpose chains fighting for liquidity, the winners could be a smaller number of networks tied to specific businesses, financial products and user communities.

Read more: ‘You are not scaling Ethereum’: Vitalik Buterin issues a blunt reality check to the biggest crypto networks

Ether at $250,000 would make Ethereum a $30 trillion network, larger than the U.S. Treasury market and comparable to all the gold ever mined.

But that’s the target Bitmine chairman Tom Lee laid out at Proof of Talk in Paris this week, with the move pitched as a 50x from current levels on the back of AI-driven payments and a corporate validator takeover of the network.

Let’s dive into the math of how that target may be reached, starting with supply. Ethereum’s circulating supply sits at 121.75 million ETH and is growing at 0.82% a year, because since the Dencun upgrade pushed most fee activity to cheaper layer-2 chains in 2024, the burn mechanism has collapsed to roughly 29,000 ETH a year against issuance of 1.03 million ETH.

At $250,000 a coin, that 0.82% drift turns into $250 billion of fresh ether issued every year.

The supply growth is not huge by itself. Gold supply expands at a similar pace, and the U.S. Treasury market grows much faster. Big assets can absorb new issuance if demand is strong enough.

However it puts to rest the old “ultrasound money” trade that was built on the idea that Ethereum could become a shrinking monetary asset while usage kept rising. That setup is not here right now. ETH supply is growing, slowly but steadily, so a 50x move has to come from demand doing almost all the work.

To get a sense of how far-out Lee’s target is, look at the ether-bitcoin ratio, which tracks how ether trades relative to bitcoin. The ratio has never crossed 0.15, a level it touched briefly at the 2017 peak. At today’s bitcoin price of $63,872, $250,000 ether would push that ratio to 3.91, more than 25 times that all-time high.

For the ratio to stay anywhere in its historical range while ether hits $250,000, bitcoin would have to rally to somewhere between $1.67 million and $2.94 million at the same time. So Lee’s call needs either bitcoin running alongside ether at similar multiples, or the pair breaking historical bounds wildly. Neither is in motion right now.

Lee further argued the Ethereum Foundation has dropped to roughly 0.1% of supply while corporate entities like Bitmine and SharpLink now control 7% of circulating ether collectively.

Public companies and governments hold 7.43 million ETH across 32 entities, or 6.16% of supply, with Bitmine alone at 5.42 million ETH and SharpLink at 869,000.

But holding ether and validating the network are different jobs. Validators are the operators that actually run the software securing Ethereum and earn the staking yield.

Of the 39.25 million ether currently staked, Lido, a decentralized staking protocol governed by a DAO of token holders, controls 19.4%, followed by Binance, ether.fi, Coinbase and Figment.

The top corporate treasuries are not running validators at anywhere near the scale Lee’s takeover thesis implies. Lido alone validates more ether than every public-company holder combined.

All in all, ether has to capture a chunk of global financial throughput that no asset has captured before, the burn has to outrun issuance again, the ETH-to-bitcoin pair has to recover more steeply than at any point in its history, and the corporate validator thesis has to actually translate into validating power.

The ETH-to-bitcoin pair turning on a real trend, not a one-week bounce, would be the first sign anything’s actually changing. Right now, however, the data tells a different one.

TLDR:

• Coinbase has launched a pre-IPO perpetual futures product, with SpaceX as the first available listing.
• The product is settled in USDC, trades 24/7, and is currently restricted to non-U.S. users only.
• Forbes estimates SpaceX’s $135 IPO share price could make Elon Musk the world’s first trillionaire.
• Reuters reports the SpaceX IPO is targeted for June 12, with prediction markets placing 91% odds on Musk.

Coinbase has introduced a pre-IPO perpetual futures product, allowing traders outside the United States to speculate on private companies before their public debut. SpaceX, owned by Elon Musk, is the first company listed on the platform.

The product is settled in USDC, trades around the clock, and positions carry over automatically once the IPO is complete. More listings across technology, AI, energy, and space sectors are expected soon.

SpaceX Takes Center Stage on Coinbase’s New Platform

Coinbase’s pre-IPO perp product gives traders direct exposure to SpaceX’s valuation ahead of its anticipated public listing.

Positions are opened using USDC, ensuring a stable settlement currency throughout the trading period. The product operates 24/7, meaning traders can react to new developments at any time.

Once SpaceX completes its IPO, all open positions will automatically convert based on the debut share price. This means traders stand to gain or lose depending on how closely pre-IPO valuations align with the actual listing price. Pre-market prices are historically volatile, so risks remain considerable.

Taking to X to explain the product’s purpose, Coinbase co-founder and CEO Brian Armstrong wrote, “Pre-IPO perps are great to get exposure to private companies before they go public (outside the U.S. only for now) and to help with price discovery.”

His post frames the product as both a speculative tool and a mechanism for establishing fair market value before a company lists publicly.

Currently, the product is restricted to users outside the United States. Coinbase has not disclosed a timeline for a potential U.S. rollout, though the platform confirmed additional pre-IPO listings are coming across multiple industries.

SpaceX IPO Could Make Musk the World’s First Trillionaire

The timing of Coinbase’s launch coincides with major news surrounding the SpaceX IPO itself. Forbes reported that a listing price of $135 per share could push Elon Musk’s net worth past the trillion-dollar mark. That would make him the first person in history to reach that milestone.

Reuters reported the IPO is targeted for June 12, placing the event just days away. On prediction market Myriad, users currently assign a 91% probability to Musk becoming a trillionaire before July. That level of confidence reflects strong market sentiment around the listing.

Perpetual futures, or perps, allow traders to go long or short on an asset without holding it directly. Unlike standard futures, perps carry no expiration date, making them suitable for longer-term speculation. The format gained widespread popularity last year through decentralized exchange Hyperliquid.

Coinbase’s product merges perps with pre-market trading, a structure already familiar in the crypto space. Pre-market token trading has been a common feature on exchanges, though price accuracy remains a known challenge given the speculative nature of early-stage listings.

Bitcoin BTC$63,729.63 has tanked over 14% in one week and 22.7% in four weeks. Strategy Chairman Michael Saylor has a simple explanation for the decline: It’s capital rotation, not impairment.

In a post on X, Saylor pointed to the historic pace of AI infrastructure funding to the tune of approximately $400 billion deployed over the past six months while noting the $4 billion in outflows from the U.S.-listed spot ETFs since mid-May.

In essence, he argued that institutions are pulling money out of bitcoin and deploying into AI, leading to weakness in the top cryptocurrency. This matters because rotation implies temporary weakness, driven by capital chasing a hot theme before it eventually finds its way back.

“Volatility creates opportunity,” Saylor said, a characteristically bullish framing from the most prominent corporate bitcoin holder on the planet.

Saylor’s Strategy recently sold 32 BTC, a move, analysts say, added to the bearish sentiment in the market, deepening the price selloff. The publicly listed firm still holds 843,706 BTC.

While some analysts have flagged the AI boom as a headwind for bitcoin, most bears have drawn a darker conclusion from the recent selloff: that crypto is simply broken.

“Bitcoin just looks broken at this point Even Saylor is selling now,” pseudonymous trader QE Infinity said on X.

Their case probably rests on a confluence of concerning signals: Saylor’s surprise sale of 32 BTC, weeks of heavy ETF outflows, and the striking fact that almost every major asset class, from equities to commodities, is trading at or near record highs while bitcoin languishes.

Large Deleveraging and ETF Outflows Shake Crypto Markets

Cryptocurrency markets experienced a sudden bout of selling that produced about $1.6 billion in liquidations within 24 hours, marking the largest deleveraging event since February, according to market analysis from trading platform eToro. Over the same period, spot bitcoin exchange-traded funds recorded roughly $3.67 billion in outflows across the prior two weeks, a sign of diminishing spot demand as some investors reallocate capital to equities and artificial intelligence-related investments.

What the Numbers Show

The headline liquidation figure highlights pressure among leveraged participants and recent entrants to the market. eToro market analyst Javier Molina notes that while the short-term numbers are sharp, the composition of selling matters for understanding the likely trajectory of prices. “The $1.6 billion in liquidations recorded over the past 24 hours marks the largest deleveraging event in the crypto market since February. However, the more important signal lies beneath the headline,” Molina said.

ETF flows add another dimension. The approximately $3.67 billion in outflows from spot bitcoin ETFs over two weeks points to weaker spot demand, but proximate drivers are not obvious from gross flows alone. eToro highlights that ETF withdrawals are not necessarily equivalent to institutional capitulation: a substantial portion of ETF ownership can reside with retail investors and may reflect short-term portfolio rotation rather than wholesale abandonment by long-term holders.

Why the Sell-Off May Be Concentrated

According to eToro, the recent correction appears to have been led predominantly by retail traders, newer market participants and those using leverage, rather than by entrenched, long-term holders. That distinction is important from a market-structure perspective: when selling is concentrated among leveraged positions, it can create acute but transient downward pressure. If long-term holders begin to sell, that can signal a deeper shift in market sentiment and liquidity.

Molina cautioned that ETF outflows should not be interpreted automatically as institutional liquidations. “ETF outflows should not automatically be interpreted as institutional selling, as a significant portion of ETF exposure is ultimately held by retail investors,” he said.

Realised Price and Market Resilience

One measure eToro points to is bitcoin’s realised price, an estimate of the market’s aggregate cost basis. Bitcoin trading above its realised price suggests that, in aggregate, holders remain in profit and that the market may be undergoing a repositioning rather than broad-based capitulation. That distinction is consistent with a corrective reset in positioning and sentiment following an extended run of optimism in crypto markets.

“Despite the recent correction, bitcoin continues to trade above its realised price, the market’s aggregate cost basis, suggesting this remains a reset in positioning and sentiment rather than the kind of broad capitulation typically associated with deeper bear markets,” Molina said. The crucial question for traders and institutional observers alike is whether selling remains limited to recent buyers and highly leveraged accounts or whether it broadens to include longer-term holders.

Broader Context: Rotation to Equities and AI

The wave of ETF outflows comes amid an observable rotation by some investors into equities, and specifically into AI-related investments, according to eToro’s commentary. That dynamic reflects cross-asset decisions rather than factors unique to bitcoin or crypto; when macro or sector-specific narratives gain traction, capital can flow out of risk assets perceived as more speculative into areas that investors currently view as offering better near-term prospects.

This cross-asset flow can amplify short-term volatility in crypto markets, particularly when combined with concentrated leverage. For participants seeking to interpret price action, distinguishing rotational flows from structural selling is essential for assessing downside risk and potential entry points.

Implications for Traders and Institutions

For traders, the immediate implication is heightened caution around leveraged positions and an increased focus on liquidity metrics. Rapid deleveraging episodes can cascade and push prices through technical levels quickly, creating additional liquidations and volatility.

For institutional participants and allocators, the episode underlines the importance of parsing ETF flows and on-chain metrics rather than relying on headline outflow figures alone. Understanding who is selling — retail ETF holders, algorithmic funds, or long-term institutional allocators — is critical to assessing whether outflows presage sustained demand erosion or a temporary reallocation of risk budgets.

What to Watch Next

Market participants will be monitoring several indicators to judge whether the recent correction is transitory: the persistence of ETF outflows, on-chain measures of long-term holder behavior, the pace of open interest reductions on derivatives platforms, and whether realised price dynamics shift materially lower. If selling remains concentrated among short-term and leveraged participants, the market could stabilise as those positions wash out. If long-term holders begin to reduce exposure, it could herald a more significant change in market structure and sentiment.

For now, eToro’s read is that the episode looks like a repositioning driven by shorter-term sellers amid a broader rotation into equities and AI, rather than an across-the-board institutional retreat. Traders and allocators should continue to treat risk management as paramount while assessing the evolving mix of flows and holder behaviour.

Disclosure: This article summarises market commentary from eToro. It is not investment advice. Crypto markets are volatile and carry a risk of capital loss.