Most AI training teaches you how to get outputs. Write a better prompt. Refine your query. Generate content faster. This approach treats AI as a productivity tool and measures success by speed. It misses the point entirely.

Critical AI literacy asks different questions. Not “how do I use this?” but “should I use this at all?” Not “how do I make this faster?” but “what am I losing when I do?”

AI systems carry biases that most users never see. Researchers analysing the British Newspaper Archive in 2025 found that digitised Victorian newspapers represent less than 20% of what was actually printed. The sample skews toward overtly political publications and away from independent voices.

Anyone drawing conclusions about Victorian society from this data risks reproducing distortions baked into the archive. The same principle applies to the datasets that power today’s AI tools. We cannot interrogate what we do not see.

Literary scholars have long understood that texts help to construct, rather than simply reflect, reality. A newspaper article from 1870 is not a window onto the past but a curated representation shaped by editors, advertisers and owners.

AI outputs work the same way. They synthesise patterns from training data that reflects particular worldviews and commercial interests. The humanities teach us to ask whose voice is present and whose is absent.

Research published in the Lancet Global Health journal in 2023 demonstrates this. Researchers attempted to invert stereotypical global health imagery using AI image generation, prompting the system to create visuals of black African doctors providing care to white children.

Despite generating over 300 images, the AI proved incapable of producing this inversion. Recipients of care were always rendered black. The system had absorbed existing imagery so thoroughly that it could not imagine alternatives.

AI slop is not just articles peppered with “delve” and em dashes. Those are merely stylistic tells. The real problem is outputs that perpetuate biases without interrogation.

Consider friendship. Philosophers Micah Lott and William Hasselberger argue that AI cannot be your friend because friendship requires caring about the good of another for their own sake. An AI tool lacks an internal good. It exists to serve the user.

When companies market AI as a companion, they offer simulated empathy without the friction of human relationships. The AI cannot reject you or pursue its own interests. The relationship remains one-sided; a commercial transaction disguised as connection.

AI and professional responsibility

Educators need to distinguish when AI supports learning and when it substitutes for the cognitive work that produces understanding. Journalists need criteria for evaluating AI-generated content. Healthcare professionals need protocols for integrating AI recommendations without abdicating clinical judgment.

This is the work I pursue through Slow AI, a community exploring how to engage with AI effectively and ethically. The current trajectory of AI development assumes we will all move faster, think less and accept synthetic outputs as a default state. Critical AI literacy resists that momentum.

None of this requires rejecting technology. The Luddites (textile workers who organised against factory owners across the English Midlands in the early 19th century) who smashed weaving frames were not opposed to progress. They were skilled craftsmen defending their livelihoods against the social costs of automation.

When Lord Byron rose in the House of Lords in 1812 to deliver his maiden speech against the frame-breaking bill (which made the destruction of frames punishable by death), he argued these were not ignorant wreckers but people driven by circumstances of unparalleled distress.

The Luddites saw clearly what the machines meant: the erasure of craft and the reduction of human skill to mechanical repetition. They were not rejecting technology. They were rejecting its uncritical adoption. Critical AI literacy asks us to recover that discernment. Moving beyond “how to use” toward an understanding of “how to think”.

The stakes are not hypothetical. Decisions made with AI assistance are already shaping hiring, healthcare, education and justice. If we lack frameworks to evaluate these systems critically, we outsource judgement to algorithms whose limitations remain invisible.

Ultimately, critical AI literacy is not about mastering prompts or optimising workflows. It is about knowing when to use AI and when to leave it the hell alone.

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Norway’s Johannes Hoesflot Klaebo has won his fifth Olympic gold medal at the Winter Games – and the 10th of his career.

The 29-year-old cross-country skier won gold again on Wednesday when he, along with Einar Hedegart, won the men’s team sprint with a time of 18 minutes and 28.9 seconds.

He has won every race he has entered in at the 2026 Milan Cortina Games, breaking the Winter Olympics record in Sunday’s 4 x 7.5km relay. His final race will be in the 50km mass start this weekend.

The latest win means Norway’s Klaebo is now only the second athlete to win 10 Olympic gold medals, following US swimming legend Michael Phelps, who has a total of 23.

“It’s obviously very satisfying to make this happen,” Klaebo said after his win. “The team sprint is one of the most fun events, but also one of the hardest.”

He added: “There are so many strong teams, and so many fast skiers, so it always comes down to tight battles. That makes it even more rewarding.”

Coming in second place were US skiers Ben Ogden and Gus Schumacher, who were just 1.4 seconds behind for the silver medal.

Speaking to journalists after the race, Schumacher said that he “locked in” – and followed Klaebo over the line.

“I did it, and I’m really proud of it,” he said.

Read more from Sky News:
British man killed in avalanche in French Alps
Ukrainian officials to boycott Winter Paralympics

With 10 metres to go, he saw Ogden – now the US’s most decorated male cross-country skier – across the finish line to greet him, and knew a medal was in hand, having beaten Italy’s Federico Pellegrino.

A 66-year-old man was airlifted by specialist ambulance helicopter for treatment after being hit by a car, but died a short time later. His family have been informed.

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A man has died after being struck by a vehicle whilst walking through a supermarket car park.

The tragedy occurred in the Tesco car park on Meadow Place Road, Edinburgh, at approximately 9am on Wednesday (February 18). It involved a blue Volkswagen Polo.

The 66-year-old man who was hit was transported by specialist air ambulance helicopter for medical treatment, but sadly passed away shortly afterwards. His relatives have been notified.

No other casualties were reported. The section of the car park was cordoned off whilst investigators examined the scene, before reopening at 1.20pm.

Police Scotland Sergeant Paul Ewing stated: “Our thoughts are with the family and friends of the man who has died. Inquiries are ongoing to establish the full circumstances of what occurred and I am appealing to anyone who has information to come forward.”, reports Birmingham Live.

“In addition, anyone with dashcam footage which may assist is asked to please contact us. Anyone with information should call 101, quoting incident number 0688 of February 18.”

Asked about the email to the First Minister, a spokesperson for the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service said: “The Lord Advocate provided the First Minister with an update to ensure it was understood she was not involved in the case, that it was active for contempt of court, and therefore it should not be commented upon.

A debilitating and painful tropical disease caused by infected mosquito bites is posing a greater threat to Europe, and could become established in the UK in the coming years.

In a new study, researchers have discovered that Asian tiger mosquitoes can spread the chikungunya virus when air temperatures are as low as 13C – cooler than previously believed.

A current outbreak of the virus has caused the US to issue a warning for people heading to Seychelles, Bolivia and Suriname, urging them to get vaccinated before they travel.

It comes as new data shows the virus can now be transmitted across most of Europe. Sandeep Tegar, who led the study, said: “Europe is warming rapidly, and the tiger mosquito is gradually expanding northwards through the continent.”

The species, which is occasionally detected in south-east England, could become more prevalent across Britain as climate change causes temperatures to increase.

“The lower temperature threshold that we have identified will therefore result in more areas – and more months of the year – becoming potentially suitable for transmission,” Mr Tegar said.

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In 2025, France and Italy saw record numbers of local outbreaks of chikungunya. The mosquito species has also caused a rise in the country’s dengue fever cases in recent years.

The researchers, from the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, said the mosquitoes have started local outbreaks in Europe after biting people who have contracted the virus overseas.

New data shows that the possibility of infection is present for two to three months of the year across much of Europe, and up to six months in Spain and Portugal. 

“Identifying specific locations and the months of possible transmission will enable local authorities to decide when and where to take action to reduce the risk or scale of outbreaks,” Mr Tegar said. “Our research could also help predict how climate change could influence the future spread of the chikungunya virus.”

Chikungunya is not typically a fatal disease, but it can cause excruciating long-term pain. The UK Health Security Agency describes the virus as “a sudden onset of fever usually accompanied by joint pain”.

Joint pains may last for months or longer, but other symptoms such as headaches, sensitivity to light and skin rashes usually subside within a few weeks.

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In August, British travellers were urged to take precautions against mosquito bites during a rise in people returning to the UK with the virus.

Warmer weather creates better conditions for the mosquito to thrive and increases the rate at which the virus replicates and is transmitted. 

There is currently a low risk of the virus in south-east England over the summer months. However, researchers warned that rising temperatures will increase the odds of the tiger mosquito establishing in the UK, as has happened elsewhere in Europe.

Scientists found eggs of the mosquito in a trap at a freight depot near Heathrow airport in October. The country saw its hottest summer on record last year and experts have warned of 2C of global warming by 2050.

The study’s senior author, Dr Steven White, said: “It is important that there is continued action to try to prevent the tiger mosquito from establishing in this country because this highly invasive species is capable of transmitting several infections that can cause serious health conditions including chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses.” 

The first known outbreak of the virus was in Tanzania in 1952. It now affects more than 110 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. 

As of November 2024, around 480,000 cases of chikungunya have been detected, causing 190 deaths.

A vaccination is available, but can only be obtained privately through travel clinics or certain pharmacies in the UK.

Rangers fan Josh Rock hopes to have major backing at the Hydro in Glasgow with Celtic fans absent for the Europa League as he faces Luke Humphries in Night Three of the Premier League

Rangers supporter Josh Rock is hoping for significant backing at the Hydro, with Celtic fans likely to be absent due to Europa League commitments.

The Ibrox-supporting darts star is aiming to spark a Premier League run in Glasgow similar to Danny Rohl’s impact in the Premiership.

Rock is among the stars competing in Scotland for Night Three of the BetMGM Premier League, where he’ll face Luke Humphries in the quarter-finals.

The Northern Irish player makes no attempt to hide his allegiance to Rangers and has attended several matches this season. Rock acknowledges this could create a divided atmosphere in the venue, but joked: “Yeah, probably. Luckily Celtic’s playing in the Europa League, so hopefully they’re all out and there’s all Rangers fans in!”

Without a Scottish competitor in the tournament, Rock may benefit from additional crowd support, though he’s not feeling the weight of expectation, saying: “I wouldn’t say it’ll add more pressure. I really hope so. What was it, two, three years since the last Scottish person was in it?”

“I’m close to Scotland. Literally a two-hour boat or a quick flight over, so I would love it to happen, but obviously I don’t know what to expect from the crowd,” reports the Daily Record.

The World Cup champion has also confirmed he’ll be keeping his walk-on music for the evening. Austrian player Mensur Suljovic previously abandoned Simply The Best whilst playing in Scotland, but Rock is maintaining his entrance with Welcome to the Party by DJ Krissy, a track which was embraced by Rangers supporters during Steven Gerrard’s tenure as manager.

He stated: “No, no. Still normal walk-on. I’m not going to change at all now because my kids love my walk-on song, so I’m not going to change it.”

Darts remains Rock’s primary focus, and he’s determined to regain control after experiencing grip issues with his arrows during last week’s competition in Antwerp.

He revealed: “I went to the toilet just before I went up on stage and, whatever soap they had, obviously, you wash your hands after you’ve gone to the toilet.

“So I put it on my hands and then when I got up there, I just could not feel it at all. So now we’ve got a Plan B, we’ve got a bit of chalk and wax in my case from now on.

“I didn’t have to use it this week in the Players’ Championship, so it was fine, but it must have been the soap I used. I was just trying my best to get a grip and it just didn’t happen.

“No matter how much I was trying to lick my fingers, rub my finger up and down my barrel to get my fingers roughened, that wasn’t working. It just took all the oils out of my finger and lost all grip.”

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The collapse of “peace talks” between Russia and Ukraine in Geneva is a moment to be celebrated. But Europe’s politicians may need a stiff drink to fortify them for what is to come after Volodymyr Zelensky described what America deal-brokers were doing as “unfair”.

The entire process has been a mafia-style shakedown of Ukraine and her allies by the US and Russia, who have weaponised lies about the whole bloody process – from the causes of the war to the prescriptions for ending it.

In Pavlohrad, the Big Lie for internal refugees from Russia’s “meat grinder” operations in the east is that he sent forces to rescue them from Ukrainian nationalists. That he sent Russian soldiers to save Russian speakers from oblivion under Kyiv.

Nikolai Klymenko, 56, sits wheezing on the edge of a bed in the government-run relief coordination centre in the city, an hour’s drive from the front lines.

A former soldier in the Soviet army, he fought in Kandahar, Jalalabad and elsewhere during Moscow’s efforts to prop up a communist regime in Kabul in the 1980s. He says he was decorated for bravery and blown up by a booby-trap in Kandahar and has the scars to prove it.

“I had a hole in my head you could put your finger in,” he says of his service to the Kremlin.

Nikolai speaks Russian as a mother tongue. He fled Moscow’s invaders from Dobropilla in the summer, then found himself in Druzhkivka, south of Kramatorsk, as Russian missiles and drones expanded their attacks on civilians.

“I ended up begging for cigarettes outside the hospital. So I came here,” he says.

The nearby relief centre, Lilia Zemliana, a refugee from Donetsk province, which Putin has already illegally annexed even though about a third of it isn’t in Russian hands.

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Since the centre opened in 2024, two years after Putin ordered a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, 44,000 people have come through its doors. They’re helped with food, documents, psychological support and accommodation locally or deep into the west of the country.

Almost all of them would have been Russian speakers – the people Putin said he was trying to save.

Oleh Nemchenko, a miner from Dobropillia, is not among the refugees. His body is in a hole in the ground near the coal mining pit head. He and his wife, Iryna, hung on as Russian forces bombarded the town.

“I was lighting a fire in our stove and he went out for a cigarette. I don’t know what happened next and cannot remember. The next thing I found myself outside looking at his dead body in the street,” she says, rolling her eyes when asked about Putin coming to the rescue of Ukraine’s Russian speakers.

Donald Trump has often repeated the Putin claim that Ukraine would not have suffered an invasion if it had not looked to join Nato. But Russia invaded in 2014 – Ukraine has formally pursued Nato membership only since 2019 and as a result of Moscow’s invasion.

But giving an excuse to Russia for its attacks on its neighbour, which Putin has said is a “fake country” and must be brought back into the Russian imperium as a province with no national sovereignty, has encouraged Trump to end military support for Kyiv.

And it has enabled his first shakedown of the country, when Trump used the cut in aid and other threats to force Ukraine into signing a mineral deal under duress last year.

Trump has been keen to get a peace deal in Ukraine, but he has parroted Russia’s demands. Recently, he insisted that time was running out for Ukraine and Zelensky to agree on a deal or lose the offer of vague “security guarantees” to protect the country from future Russian attacks.

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Ukraine’s president has shown a talent for telling the White House “yes, but no”. Now he has finally said “no”.

No to the constant requirement that Ukraine continue to make concessions to its invaders, which he described this week at the Munich Security Conference as “unfair”.

Security guarantees from the US, a nation that has not ruled out invading Greenland (part of Denmark) and wants to annex Canada, are worth nothing.

The US is part of Nato and has signed treaties to that effect. Its armed forces are the leading part of Nato, its intelligence organisations bound into a security alliance with, among others, Canada – and yet Donald Trump is happy to ignore these pre-existing guarantees.

The US is an unreliable ally of Europe. And the Trump administration has seen Russia’s invasion of Ukraine as a business opportunity.

It has been happy to undermine Kyiv’s defences with a total cut in military aid and may sever intelligence sharing links. These actions have favoured the Kremlin’s brutally slow advance in the east of Ukraine and blunted any chance of a serious counteroffensive.

US cuts in military aid came after Washington had given, or pledged, about $115bn. Europe has pledged about double that.

But there have been no Europeans at the talks between Ukraine and Russia. So far, the UK, Canada, the EU and other allies of Ukraine have left mediation to the US.

They all recognise that this is dangerous, is a proposal for Ukrainian capitulation, and a danger to Europe. They do this because of another lie or myth. It is only the US that can give Ukraine the security guarantees it needs to protect itself (and the rest of the West).

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British generals and top brass trot this out as fact. Ukraine is fortunate that it did not listen to their western military experts who said it would take days for Putin to capture Kyiv.

Four years later, Russia has lost 1.2 million killed and injured, Nato has expanded to include Finland and Sweden, and Russia’s economy is contracting.

Speaking before the latest round of Russian-Ukrainian US-sponsored talks, Kaja Kallas, the EU vice president, said: “The greatest threat Russia presents right now is that it gains more at the negotiating table that it has achieved on the battlefield. Europe is rearming and doing so together with our friends.”

Europe can already muster (along with Ukraine) a far bigger army, more aircraft, ships, tanks, artillery and sheer military power than Russia.

But there is no sign that its leaders are prepared to elbow the US out of negotiations or put their soldiers to the hard task of explaining to voters that they’ll have to pay a lot more for a safe future that America will no longer guarantee or fund.

They’ll need a nip of Ukrainian firewater for that.

Stylish and versatile, shoppers say the pencil pleat curtains “really warm up the room”

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Finding the right curtains is more than just an interior design choice, it can also be help sleep. Light pollution from streetlamps or the sun can disrupt the body’s circadian rhythm, the internal clock that tells us when to sleep, and this is where blackout curtains become a game-changer.

Beyond just darkness, quality blackout curtains like Dunelm’s Rotterdam range offer thermal benefits, helping to keep the home feeling cosy in the winter and cool in summer. With prices starting from £20 for the smallest size (W 117cm x D 137cm), the ready-made collection is proving to be a big hit with shoppers.

Hailed as being ‘excellent quality and value for money’ the Rotterdam Herringbone Blackout Pencil Pleat Curtains have become a hit with homeowners. Easy to fit, they could be a good choice for anyone looking for an easy upgrade ahead of the longer days and sunnier weather.

Featuring a classic woven herringbone pattern, the curtains offer a high-end look with a powerful blackout lining. The pleated design provides a traditional, elegant drape, making them suitable for both modern and period homes.

The curtains are available in a choice of four colours – blush, mushroom, sage and steeple grey. Fully lined, the pencil pleat is easy to fit with a wide tape and variable pockets for a customisable look.

The Rotterdam Herringbone Blackout Pencil Pleat Curtains

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From £20

Dunelm

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With a stylish woven herringbone design, these curtains help to keep the heat in on chilly nights and rooms cool on hot summer days.

Suitable for a variety of rooms around the home, the Dunelm blackout curtains come in a range of widths and lengths, including 117cm (46″) widths paired with drops of 137cm (54″), 182cm (72″), or 228cm (90″). They are also available in a wider 168cm (66″) option with the same three drop lengths, as well as the largest 228cm (90″) width, which likewise comes with 137cm (54″), 182cm (72″), and 228cm (90″) drops.

Designed for easy care these are machine washable and can be ironed on a cool setting. Made from 62% recycled polyester, they offer a high quality look at an affordable price.

If theses curtains don’t quite fit the bill, Next is selling Blackout/Thermal Cotton Eyelet Curtains in a variety of sizes. Available in a choice of 17 different colours, prices start from £40.

Elsewhere at Habitat, the Textured Blackout Eyelet Curtains are in the sale, with 20% off all sizes. Starting from £10, they are lighter weight than the Dunelm offerings, but buyers have called them ‘good curtains for the price’.

Dunelm shoppers who have already snapped up the Rotterdam Herringbone Blackout Pencil Pleat Curtains have given then an impressive 4.4 out of five-star rating on the website. One said: “These curtains are lovely and do exactly as it says in description, they block out the street lights and morning light really well, they are very good value for money.”

Another added: “Great thermal quality. Quite thick due to the thermal lining but they really do help to keep the cold out.”

A third wrote: “Bought these in blush pink for my daughter’s room & they are lovely! Good, thick weighty curtains that hang really well. I must admit I did iron with a tea towel over them as they were creased when I unpacked them but it doesn’t seem to have d^{one any harm.”}

One buyer was less impressed, however, noting: “Not what I expected. Lovely curtains, but they are quite stiff curtains so the creases don’t come out easily.”

Another delighted shopper added: “I loved these curtains. The herringbone pattern is really nice and the colour (mushroom) is natural. They really warm up the living room.”

 The  grass cutter’s roll-over protection system had been removed before Kamil Grygieniec, 23, started his work in North Stainley near Ripon, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) revealed.

An HSE spokesman added that his employers, MHS Countryside Management Ltd had failed to carry out a risk assessment specifically for the grass cutting operation round the pond on October 8, 2021.

The ride-on lawnmower Kamil Grygieniec was using at the pond (Image: Health and Safety Executive)

A statement on behalf of Kamil’s mother and father said: “The pain I feel every day since that tragedy is unimaginable, I do not wish that on anybody. That day I lost part of me.

“I will never be able to hug him, tell him how much I love him. I will never receive flowers from him, will never meet his wife or his children. Kamil was my physical and mental support.

“That day was his last day at that workplace and it happened to be the last day of his short life.”

“I don’t know what life holds for the future for me, but what I am certain of is it will not be as full or as happy now that Kamil has gone from our lives.

“What makes it even worse, I believe his death could have been prevented and should never have happened.”

MHS Countryside Management Ltd, of Bishop Auckland, pleaded guilty to failure to ensure the health, safety and welfare at work of all its employees including Mr Grygieniec of Northallerton. It was fined £27,000 and ordered to pay £11,166 in costs at York Magistrates’ Court.

After the hearing, HSE Inspector Darian Dundas said: “This is a profoundly tragic case which is made all the more harrowing because the safety feature designed to prevent incidents like this had been removed from the lawnmower – leading to the fatal turn of events which has robbed a family of their loved one.

“The completion of a suitable and sufficient site-specific risk assessment is vital before undertaking work activities and ensures appropriate action can be taken to eliminate hazards or, where this is not possible, to properly control the risks.

“In this case, the failure to assess the risks and ensure suitable safety measures were in place resulted in a tragic and entirely avoidable loss of life.”