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Here’s what we know about the climate cost of white trails aircraft leave in the sky

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Here’s what we know about the climate cost of white trails aircraft leave in the sky

Contrails, short for condensation trails, are the white streaks often seen in the sky behind aircraft. The international cloud atlas, which classifies clouds, has a category just for them: cirrus homogenitus, an example of man-made clouds.

Contrails contribute to climate change, adding to the warming by the carbon dioxide emitted by aviation. Although the exact amount of warming caused by these wispy-looking clouds is uncertain, what is understood now suggests that reducing the number of contrails has the potential to reduce the climate impact of flights.

Contrails are made of ice crystals. These reflect sunlight, causing the Earth’s surface to receive less energy, but at the same time trapping some of Earth’s outgoing infrared radiation. Depending on the balance between those two opposite effects, a net loss of energy or a gain of energy, individual contrails can be either warming or cooling over their lifetime, but warming dominates once averaged over the global, annual contrail population.

How are they made?

Contrails form behind aircraft at around an altitude of 10-11km. They only form in sufficiently cold and humid regions of the atmosphere, where water vapour condenses on to the soot particles emitted by aircraft engines to form liquid droplets, which freeze into ice crystals. The regions with the most contrails are over Europe, the North Atlantic, and eastern North America. They are rarer in Asia.

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Soot particles are needed to form contrails, yet even engines that emit very few soot particles still generate contrails. Other particles, often formed in the engine plume, take over and lead to contrail formation. But some combinations of fuel and engine technology may yet provide a way to form fewer contrails, or at least contrails with a smaller climate impact.

The characteristics of a contrail depend initially on the size, shape and engine position of the aircraft that created it, but atmospheric conditions are ultimately more important.

In a dry atmosphere, contrails only last a few minutes and cover a tiny surface area: their climate impact is negligible. But if the atmosphere remains cold and moist enough, many contrails form, grow, and come together to form fields of ice clouds, called contrail cirrus.

Contrail cirrus impact the climate because they last for several hours and can cover large areas, sometimes spanning entire countries, as has been observed over the UK and France, for example.

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Contrails from aircraft form in colder temperatures.
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Some contrail cirrus clouds can exert the same climate impact as tens, even hundreds, of tons of carbon dioxide.

Two effects make contrails particularly potent. Although they initially form from the few hundred kilograms of water vapour and the
dozens of grams of soot released every minute of flight, contrails then gain mass from the humidity of the atmosphere. Also, ice crystals absorb infrared radiation at virtually all wavelengths, while carbon dioxide only absorbs in narrow wavelength ranges.

However, contrail cirrus strongly affect the flow of energy in and out of the Earth for a few hours. This is in contrast to the comparatively weaker changes caused by carbon dioxide, which last for centuries. So the warming caused by a flight will initially be dominated by contrails, but carbon dioxide will dominate a few years after the flight.

Routing aircraft to avoid flying in the regions where contrails form may slow down the climate warming caused by a growing aviation sector. But there are still many things scientists need to understand about how to predict which flights would see their climate impact reduced the most using this kind of planning.

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Weather forecasts of humidity at flight altitude need to improve, and one way to do so is to have more accurate and more frequent measurements of humidity. This is the aim of the Mist research project, where I work with Honeywell Aerospace UK and Boeing UK to develop a humidity sensor to detect contrail formation, see how the sensor can be integrated on commercial aircraft, and evaluate how better humidity measurements affect the predicted climate impact of contrails.

Many research projects are seeking to better quantify the climate impact of contrails and find ways to form fewer warming contrails. Changing fuel or engine technology is slow. But optimising flight trajectories with weather forecasts to avoid the cold, moist regions of the atmosphere where contrails form might be achievable more quickly.

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I went behind the scenes to see the new Celebrity River Cruises ships – here is what guests can expect

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I went behind the scenes to see the new Celebrity River Cruises ships - here is what guests can expect

Deep in the Zwijnenburg Shipyard in Rotterdam, a large faceless steel structure stands before me – and it takes a lot of imagination to believe that in just over a year this will be the first of Celebrity Cruises’ river cruise ships.

Even before launching, Celebrity River Cruises has already been making waves in the river cruise market, having sold out its first year of sailings within five hours without a ship even touching the water.

The premium brand will launch its first foray into river cruises along the Rhine in June 2027 and I visited Amsterdam for a behind the scenes tour of its first river cruise ship – Celebrity Compass – in which I would learn what guests can expect on board and during excursions.

It may be just a steel structure for now but I could feel the excitement as I stood in one of four blocks that will eventually house 86 cabins as part of a ship that aims to do river cruising in what the brand calls the “Celebrity way”.

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The cabins for Celebrity Compass will eventually be constructed on this steel platform
The cabins for Celebrity Compass will eventually be constructed on this steel platform (Marc Shoffman)

Celebrity River Cruises is taking inspiration from its Edge class ships, such as the recently launched Celebrity Xcel, in its bright decor and cabin design and it will be one of the few river cruise lines with king-size beds facing the water. That means guests won’t have to get up to enjoy river views from the comfort of their bed.

Read more: Inside Celebrity’s luxury river cruise ships

There will be five different types of cabin to choose from, including 27 Balcony Suites and Vista Balcony Suites with private verandahs for two and 31 Infinite Balcony rooms that feature wall to wall windows that lower at the touch of a button, a feature that is popular on Celebrity Cruises’ Edge class ships.

There will also be four Skylight Infinite Balcony suites with a retractable ceiling window and butler service, as well as lower deck River View suites with just a window. Cabins will include snacks inspired by the destination where the ship is sailing, such as stroopwafels in Amsterdam.

Beds will face the scenery in most cabins aboard Celebrity River Cruises' ships
Beds will face the scenery in most cabins aboard Celebrity River Cruises’ ships (Celebrity Cruises)

Around the ship, guests will have six choices of dining for breakfast lunch and dinner, plus open-air bars and lounges. These include familiar favourites including Cafe al Bacio, the Martini Bar and Sunset Bar.

I saw some of these features while at the shipyard during a virtual reality tour of Celebrity Compass – the first of 20 ships being constructed – and it is like being on a slightly smaller but equally impressive version of Xcel.

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An open-air deck offers 360 degree views from relaxing chairs, sunbeams and retractable umbrellas in case of low bridges. There are hints of the orange, silver and blue that you see on Edge class ships. There will even be magic pods that extend out to the side of the ship for dining, typically while sailing, inspired by the Magic Carpet platform that hangs over the side of Celebrity’s more recent cruise ships.

Guests enter through the immaculately decorated Martini Lounge, next to Cafe al Bacio. This is a different approach to other cruise lines that welcome passengers through a hotel-style lobby entrance. It means passengers will enter straight into the action, with flair bartenders mixing drinks in the Martini Bar as they do on Celebrity’s ocean-going ships.

The cruise line has been working hard to create a different product on the river. Michael Scheiner, chief marketing officer for Celebrity Cruises, says the cruise line even sent its staff on sailings with rivals, and had them test local tours to see what would work for the brand.

Local tour guide Robert took us to his own art studio during our Celebrity River Cruises Storyteller excursion
Local tour guide Robert took us to his own art studio during our Celebrity River Cruises Storyteller excursion (Marc Shoffman)

Other features include all-day dining, with no set seating times, and room service available 24 hours. Scheiner says guests will get more than just cookies when they return from excursions.

Read more: First look as Legend of the Seas cruise ship starts sea trials

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Scheiner is also looking to cook up something different when it comes to entertainment, which is still being developed. River cruise lines often have less entertainment than an ocean-going ship, mainly because guests are typically tired from a day of exploring in-port. Rather than the traditional pianist or disco, Scheiner says entertainment will be inspired by the Bazaar concept on Celebrity Xcel where local talent is brought on board. There are also opportunities for onshore evening entertainment and events

Celebrity Cruises is also thinking local when it comes to excursions. Guests will get the choice of its Storyteller Series, which are tours that are included in the price and led by local residents uncovering hidden stories of the destinations.

Guests will be able to paint their own masterpiece during a Celebrity River Cruises excursion
Guests will be able to paint their own masterpiece during a Celebrity River Cruises excursion (Marc Shoffman)

We experienced one in Amsterdam where an enthusiastic local artist named Robert gave a guided tour around the Van Gogh Museum, highlighting paintings that had inspired him and ensuring we saw the famous Sunflowers. We then returned to his workshop to paint our own less-inspiring but fun masterpiece. It definitely felt more interactive than other river cruise excursions I have done, plus groups will be limited to 15 people.

Additionally, there will be a Skillmaster Series where guests cook, craft, and create alongside locals, and a Keys to the City Series, which gives guests an audio or digital guide to support them as they explore a destination at their own pace.

Some features that you find on other river cruise ships will deliberately be missing from Celebrity River Cruises. Scheiner says the brand has chosen not to have an onboard gym and spa to maximise space, but the cruise line plans to partner with local hotels if guests want these experiences, and a masseuse can also be brought on board.

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The ship may just be a steel skeleton for now, but if the sold-out sailings for 2027 and demand for 2028 bookings are anything to go by, there is going to be plenty of life on board.

Read more: The best European river cruises

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BP slammed over ‘astronomical’ profits amid oil price spike caused by Iran war

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BP slammed over ‘astronomical’ profits amid oil price spike caused by Iran war

The FTSE 100 firm revealed its preferred profit measure – underlying replacement cost profit – surged by over 130% to a better-than-expected 3.2 billion US dollars (£2.4 billion) in the first quarter, up from 1.38 billion US dollars (£1.02 billion) a year earlier and 1.54 billion US dollars (£1.13 billion) in the previous three months.

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does your pint of beer really come with a ‘surprising health benefit’?

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does your pint of beer really come with a ‘surprising health benefit’?

Beer could come with a “surprising health benefit”, according to a new report from the BBC. This must be pleasing news for beer drinkers everywhere. But what did the new study the BBC report was based on actually say? And does it stand up to scrutiny?

The study, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, set out to assess the vitamin B6 content of alcohol-free and full-strength beers. Vitamin B6 is an essential nutrient with important roles in the body, but there are problems with how these findings are framed.

The numbers are technically true but misleading in context. Saying that a beer provides 15% of your daily vitamin B6 sounds impressive, but it ignores the wider dietary picture.

Most people in the UK are not deficient in vitamin B6. And the same amount, or more, can easily be obtained from a standard healthy diet. A number of foods, such as potatoes, chickpeas, fortified cereals, grains, meat and vegetables, provide vitamin B6 without the need for alcohol.

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The paper also links vitamin B6 to important neurological functions, but does not provide evidence that beer consumption meaningfully improves brain health. It correctly states that vitamin B6 is involved in making the brain chemicals serotonin and dopamine, and confirms that beer contains measurable amounts of B6. However, the interpretation that beer is therefore “brain boosting” is problematic.

The study does not measure brain health outcomes of any kind (not cognition, mood or neurological effects), so such conclusions are not supported by the data. The B6 intake from beer is modest, and this narrative overlooks the well established harms associated with alcohol consumption.

The serving size framing is also concerning. The study refers to “a serving” and, in some cases, volumes of up to a litre. Drinking at those levels on a regular basis would clearly conflict with NHS guidance on alcohol consumption. A typical half-litre serving was reported to provide around 13–16% of daily vitamin B6 requirements. A beer would need to provide about one whole day’s worth of vitamin B6 in a standard pint to qualify for a health claim. None of the beers in the study came close to that.

The study also does not adequately emphasise alcohol’s downsides, including risks to the liver, brain and increased cancer incidence. In recognition of these harms, the World Health Organization states that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Although this is acknowledged in the paper, highlighting a small vitamin content without properly weighing it against these risks is misleading.

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When drinks brands latch on to studies like this to make their products seem good for you, they’re putting marketing ahead of public health. At worst, they’re nudging people to drink more.

A familiar story: the red wine myth

This is not the first time narratives about the health benefits of alcohol have found their way into the media. The idea that a glass of red wine a day is good for your heart is one of the most enduring examples. While this claim has some scientific roots, it is now heavily debated.

The belief largely traces back to the so-called “French paradox”, coined following observations that people in France appeared to have relatively low rates of heart disease despite diets rich in saturated fat and regular alcohol consumption. Red wine, in particular, has been suggested to offer some health benefits because it contains natural compounds called polyphenols – especially one called resveratrol – which can act as antioxidants and help protect the body’s cells.

The French paradox is not that much of a mystery anymore.
Robert K. Chin/Alamy

Later studies, however, have raised serious concerns about these claims. Researchers pointed out that other factors – like people’s diet, how active they are and their access to healthcare – may have influenced the results. There has also been a wider rethink of alcohol’s effects, with growing evidence that it can increase the risk of harm, especially from certain types of cancer.

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Taken together, these issues help explain a pattern known as the “healthy user effect”. At first glance, observational data suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be protective. Some studies report lower rates of heart disease among moderate drinkers compared with non-drinkers. But observational data can only show correlations, not cause and effect.

In reality, moderate wine drinkers often differ from non-drinkers in important ways. They are, on average, more likely to eat healthier diets, be more physically active, be wealthier, have more friends, and see their doctor more often.

Each of these factors independently reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke. When they are not fully accounted for, alcohol itself can mistakenly appear to be the protective factor.

When the wider body of evidence is considered, particularly research linking alcohol to cancer, liver disease and mental health problems, most reviews conclude that any potential benefits are small and probably outweighed by the risks. The nutritional contributions of beer and wine do exist, but they are minor and unlikely to translate into meaningful health improvements.

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Polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals can all be obtained more safely and reliably from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, olive oil and other whole foods, without the risks associated with alcohol.

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Nuffield Health, Bolton raises funds for Homeless Aid UK

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Nuffield Health, Bolton raises funds for Homeless Aid UK

The latest annual Eid Party was held at Nuffield Health on Eagley Brook Way in Astley Bridge on Friday April 24 with food, cakes, desserts and much more all on sale.

But as well putting on a celebration the event also helped raise funds fore some of the most vulnerable people in society, as Homeless Aid UK CIC co-founder Billa Ahmed explained.

He said: “We’re here at Nuffield Health, they’ve just hosted an Eid party and all the profits they make will go to Homeless Aid and those in need.”

Billa was a guest at the event alongside Homeless Aid CIC volunteer Lynne Fitzgerald.

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She said: “And the community have come together to make the cakes and provide all the food, so it really has brought everyone together.”

The event, the latest of several put on each year at the venue, took place between 9am and 1pm with attendees from across the community.

The event was organised by Sabiha Dakri (Image: Phil Taylor)

It was organised by Nuffield Health creche assistant Sabiha Dakri, who has done similar works with Eid parties over previous years.

She thanked the “wonderful Bolton businesses who have helped us raise funds for homeless aid this year including reels fish and chips who have donated an amazing £100”.

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Their support helped make the Eid party a reality along with support from Nuffield creche manager Reyna Miasnikova and volunteer Naz Vander.

The Eid party helped raise money for Homeless Aid UK (Image: Phil Taylor)

Thanks to their efforts as well as a fun filled day for attendees at the Eid party, they have also helped to support the vital work of Homeless Aid UK.

The group works at grassroots level to help support homeless people in Bolton, Manchester, Liverpool, Wigan, Leigh, Glasgow and elsewhere across the UK and globally.

They also supply food hampers and clothing to people living in poverty.

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The volunteers at Homeless Aid UK rely solely on donations and the support of the local community to keep doing what they do.

This makes the fundraising efforts of volunteers and special events like the Nuffield Health aid party even more vital.

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Two charged in connection with Hartlepool fire and crash

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Body found in search for missing Sunderland woman Jean, 83

An 18-year-old man been charged in connection with a fire at an industrial estate compound in Hartlepool, while a 23-year-old man has been charged in connection with criminal damage on Meryl Gardens following a crash into the property.

The arson took place on Monday, April 6, shortly before midnight at Auto Transportation on Coniston Road, where 12 vehicles were destroyed in the fire.

The second incident happened shortly after 6am on Tuesday, April 7, where a car was driven into the property on Meryl Gardens.

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The 18-year-old man has been charged with arson and possession of an offensive weapon. 

The 23-year-old man has been charged with criminal damage with intent to endanger life and dangerous driving.

They both appeared before Teesside Magistrates’ Court on Saturday, April 25, and have been remanded in custody until their next appearance.

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a lesser known Nazi war crime that spawned generations of conspiracy theories

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a lesser known Nazi war crime that spawned generations of conspiracy theories

Just days before the Battle of Britain began in July 1940, more than 800 civilians were killed off the coast of Ireland when a German U-Boat sank a converted five-star cruise ship.

The people on board were German, Austrian and Italian internees – deemed enemy aliens by the UK government – who were being deported to Canada.

Why the Nazis sank a civilian ship has never been fully explained.

But the sinking of the Arandora Star remains one of the lesser known war crimes of the second world war.

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My research has examined the oral histories of some of the Italian families, based in the UK, who remember the second world war. My latest project has looked into the long-term effects of Arandora Star sinking as it was experienced and transmitted across generations.

The attack

The Arandora Star was a first class cruise liner built in 1927 by the Cammell Laird Company Ltd, in Birkenhead, near Liverpool. It was one of the best-known ships in the world at the time.

When the war broke out, the Arandora, like many commercial ships, was placed at the disposal of the British government. Under the command of Captain E.W. Moulton, the Arandora was ordered to carry German, Austrian and Italian internees from Liverpool to Canada.

More than 1,600 men were forced onto the ship which was actually designed to carry 500. Internees were crammed below decks and the exits were guarded by barbed wire.

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On July 2 1940 – the morning after it embarked on its voyage – the Arandora was torpedoed by a German U-boat, 100 miles northwest of Ireland.

Around 805 men, over 50 percent of the total number drowned, were Italian. About 100 British soldiers and crew members also lost their life, including the ship’s captain.

One British sailor told the press in 1940 that the Arandora Star turned half over on her side and sank, carrying down the occupants of several life rafts. “When the ship disappeared,” the sailor said, “there were hundreds of men on her decks … A cloud of steam rose a hundred feet in the air, and the suction dragged rafts and men underneath with her”.

But the ship’s traumatic final moments were just the start of the story for the families of those involved.

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À lire aussi :
From World War II ‘enemy’ internment to Windrush: Britain quickly forgets its gratitude to economic migrants


Part of my study involved making a 15-minute documentary, entitled The Arandora Star Sinking, to raise awareness about the xenophobia and discrimination faced by the people and communities who were left behind.

The film captures memories of the incident from the perspective of one of the descendants.

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Vincenzo Margiotta

Vincenzo Margiotta is a third generation Italian based in Liverpool, whose grandfather was interned and died on the Arandora Star.

Margiotta’s family migrated to Scotland at the beginning of the 20th century, from Picinisco, Lazio, and established businesses in catering.

“Things were great. Life was good,” he said – until the outbreak of the second world war. Following Benito Mussolini’s declaration of war, on June 10 1940, anti-Italian feeling erupted among British citizens.

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Daily Express front page in 1940 shows the lack of sympathy for the lost German internees which it brands ‘cowards’.
Alamy/John Frost Newspapers

Around 4,500 Italian men between the ages of 16 and 70 with less than 20 years’ residence in Britain were ordered to be interned, including Margiotta’s grandfather.

Research has shown how Italian internees were regarded as the most “dangerous characters”. They were deported even though their degree of loyalty to the fascists had not been assessed.

Public opinion in the UK was initially in favour of the internment of “enemy aliens”. However, after the tragedy of the Arandora Star – and as a result of campaigns by various members of parliament – opinion changed and supported the release of “loyal” internees. Eventually internees were able to apply for release and many of them served in the armed forces.

Information vacuum

Over the years, Margiotta heard many stories about what happened to his grandfather.

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One reason for this is because the official history was unclear. Why, for example, were none of the deportation transport ships marked as carrying prisoners of war? Instead, they set sail unaccompanied, equipped with anti-submarine guns, and employing a zigzag pattern in their movements – making the ships obvious targets for German U-boats.

Research has also shown that next of kin of internees were not informed about the Arandora disaster for weeks and only some families received a notification of “missing presumed drowned”, in April 1941, when the Home Office missing list was finalised.

Consequently, memories transmitted via word of mouth among family and community members were the main sources this group had available to them.

Margiotta said: “My knowledge of the incident was hearing stories around the table from other families”, adding:

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Somebody pushed my grandfather off the ship, and told him to jump into the water … he was frightened, as he couldn’t swim – screaming in disbelief at what was happening around him … and then was never seen again.

This spoken mode of transmission of memories might have contributed to speculation and intrigue. The sinking has been subject to divergent tales and invention.

Gold bullion?

Margiotta said conspiracy theories included, “stories of it carrying gold bullion to take to Canada to fund the war chest for the UK … it was carrying soldiers; lots of stories. All have been unfounded. But I guess there is a story somewhere that needs to come out”.

It is evident how the lack of official information and records caused a sense of injustice for the loss of civilians. As Margiotta told me at the end of our interview:

…Why would the enemy wish to torpedo a ship like that? Why was a converted five-star cruise ship … torpedoed? There’s a lot of unanswered questions.

Margiotta represents just one of the many victims’ relatives who expressed the need to find answers to these basic questions.

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In my previous research I spoke to Anglo-Italian families in the north-east of England who all shared the same pain and frustration. It’s time these questions were answered.

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Adam Thomas says ‘I won a long time ago’ in emotional I’m A Celeb post with son

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Daily Mirror

I’m A Celebrity’s latest Jungle Legend has shared a sweet family message but appeared to take a subtle swipe at events from the ITV show

Adam Thomas is trying to move on following his I’m A Celebrity win and the chaotic drama that it involved – but appeared to have one last dig at the events. The Waterloo Road star was crowned this series’ Jungle Legend, but only after a huge fallout involving Jimmy Bullard and David Haye.

What was supposed to be a joyous moment had Adam looking downbeat and he reportedly threw his crown to the floor during the live event. But he now insists “crowns don’t really matter” as he shares happy moments with his son.

Moving away from the jungle mayhem, Adam is seen with a smile on his face again as he celebrates his son’s own accolades. Hugging into 11-year-old Teddy, Adam wrote on Instagram : “My boy came home this weekend with four trophies from his dance comps!!

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READ MORE: I’m A Celeb’s Craig Charles drops clue about more off-camera drama and addresses bullying claimsREAD MORE: I’m A Celebrity South Africa future ‘revealed’ after dramatic live ITV final

“But honestly, it wasn’t even about the trophies… it was his face. Just pure happiness, proper proud of himself. That’s what winning should feel like, super proud of the boy.”

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He then candidly added: “One thing I’ve learnt though is as you get older you start to realise, it’s not about trophies or crowns, none of that really matters. I already won a long time ago. Everything I need is right here.”

Adam’s jungle campmate Scarlett Moffatt was on hand to praise the youngster. In the comments section, the former Gogglebox star said: “Massive well done teddy.” Gemma Collins also liked the post.

It comes days after Adam looked despondent following his win. He had been accused of being “intimidating” after his kick-off in camp when he thought Jimmy Bullard had caused him to go home.

The mirky moments overshadowed what should have been a proud moment for the soap star. And things took such a turn that fellow I’m A Celeb star Ashley Roberts spoke of her anger and disappointment at how things panned out.

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The Pussycat Dolls star, 44, was back alongside Amanda Holden on Monday morning’s Heart FM, where she explained: “It was unhinged. I felt like I was on The Jerry Springer Show.

“It was just unbelievable, people were walking off, hands were flying everywhere, there was yelling and emotions and crying…it was wild! It’s a shame because Adam did become the Legend, and I don’t think he was even able to enjoy it because of all the drama that went on.”

She continued: “He had a really tough time in there and it was unfortunate that they had a chance to discuss things as adults and maybe clear the air a little bit. Instead, it was yelling and just unfortunate behaviour.

“I was disappointed, my heart hurt a bit inside. There is so much going on the world and for us to then treat each other like that. We all went through this really tough experience and we all could have sat and discussed things like adult. It was live telly, it’s TV show and it’s supposed to be entertaining. I was a little bit disappointed by their behaviour.

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“I was angry. I was seeing the way these men were speaking to each other and it made me really sad. It happened back in September and instead of having a reflective moment, it was more like we were still in September and the tensions were through the roof.

“I get that you wanna go there and say your piece. You should be able to say it from your point of view but it all just seemed really immature, and unfortunate and aggressive.”

Like this story? For more of the latest showbiz news and gossip, follow Mirror Celebs on TikTok , Snapchat , Instagram , Twitter , Facebook , YouTube and Threads .

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Emmerdale’s Joshua Richards says Bear plot was ‘unbearable’ amid father’s depression

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Manchester Evening News

The Bear Wolf actor opened up about his own father’s depression amid the difficult modern slavery storyline

Emmerdale actor Joshua Richards revealed his sister found Bear Wolf’s storyline “unbearable” as it mirrored their father’s depression.

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After Bear confessed to killing Ray Walters who exploited him along with Celia Daniels, coming up on May 4 it’s the day of court. The next day Paddy and the family nervously arrive at court before Bear’s testimony to see whether Bear will make or break the case.

The tension lessens briefly when Bear’s counsellor commences by giving a powerful expert testimony, explaining how Bear was groomed by Ray and feared for his life. With his family watching encouragingly, a nervous Bear Wolf then takes the witness stand to begin his own testimony…

Speaking with the Manchester Evening News and other press about how he’s found the storyline, Joshua said: “Yeah it’s been… it’s the whole spectrum. I’ve been across it. It’s been upsetting as well, because I have actually mentioned this already, but my own father had a kind of depression in his later years. And what was weird is, as I’ve got older, I’ve become to resemble my father more and more.

“My sister, watching it on TV, found it unbearable, because it was like watching our father again, go through the same thing, but because somebody said to me, Well, is it dementia? No, it’s depression, because that’s what we thought of my father. It wasn’t dementia at all, he was just unable to do the things that he used to do, because he was a big, strong man, and he could no longer do the things that kept him happy. So he felt redundant in life, and that was the key for me, because I understood it. I’ve seen it first hand.

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“My father was actually hospitalised with it. We did eventually get him out, but he was never the same again because he lost his raison d’être. What do I do? I take a fishing boat out and I catch fish. My father was also coxswain of a lifeboat. He saved lives. Then suddenly he becomes a frail old man, and that’s what’s happened.

“That is happening in Bear’s mind. He’s no longer this reliable, strong person, that he is redundant and in the way. So I could understand how to do that, and then for him to have these absences that we called it with my father, to just disappear. Where are you? You think, is it dementia? No, he’s preoccupied with the fact he’s redundant and he’s useless.

“So that was a great insight from my own personal experience, from my own father, which fuelled and informed me, for everything else across the spectrum, for Bear about what was happening to him. So it was upsetting for me as well, because when you take on a role like that, in, for instance, if you do in a play, you learn the script, you do it the same every night. It’s the same thing you do, you repeat it.

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“But with this, you come into work, what do I do next? Where does he go next? It never stops. It’s not static. It’s constantly evolving. So you’ve got to start changing the way you think on a daily basis and it becomes quite gruelling after a while. Always with actors, say well, it’s quite simple, I just do what it says on the…no, you’ve got to invest in it.

“Otherwise you can’t portray it. It doesn’t come over. You’re just acting. You’ve got to do more than act. You’ve got to live it. Otherwise, feel it. Otherwise, it doesn’t read when people watch it. There’s got to be something deeper. I’m not being precious about acting at all. It’s just that it happened to be something I knew. Otherwise, I would have just did what it said on the tin.”

Now that the storyline is coming to its end, Joshua admitted he’s “over the moon”, and on switching off from the role, he added: “It’s quite difficult. It’s quite difficult. You get home and you…because you’ve got to learn the lines for the following day. You’ve got to go back.

“You finish work here, and then you go home. You sit down. You’re still working. And of course, it’s gone on from what you’ve already done today, you’re into another. So yeah, it’s difficult to switch off and sometimes you just think, God. I hope this ends soon, because this is killing me. I’d never thought I’d say that.”

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Emmerdale airs on weeknights at 8pm on ITV1 and is available to stream on ITVX.

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New pathways for public to explore historic Smithills Estate

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New pathways for public to explore historic Smithills Estate

With support from Bolton Council and Conservation Contracts North West (CCNW), a new boardwalk with handrails has been installed along the public right of way from Walker Fold Road to the Green Bridge.

This marks the completion of the latest phase of access improvements on the estate.

In partnership with Bolton Council’s Public Rights of Way team, several upgrades have been delivered across the estate, helping to restore and improve footpaths.

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The Smithills Estate is the largest site the Woodland Trust has acquired in England and is steeped in history, offering a wide range of walking routes.

With picturesque woodlands, well-used trails and expansive open spaces, the estate attracts visitors from across Bolton and beyond.

Eddee Endley, events and communications officer for Smithills Estate, told The Bolton News: “It’s clear that people are really engaged with the recent footpath improvements at Smithills.

“The response has been so supportive, and we are keen to maintain momentum for site improvements by gathering further feedback at our public consultations.”

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Other works include new steps and a boardwalk in Roscoe’s Wood, repaired steps along the Trespass Track, a new boardwalk over Dean Ditch near Winter Hill TV Mast, and a replacement bridge between Coal Pit and Cunliffe.

A new bridge across Holden’s Reservoir, above Holden’s Plantation and below the Brick and Tile Works, has also been built.

The updated pathways will make walks on and around the estate more accessible and user-friendly for ramblers.

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The Woodland Trust is now working on a new access project to ensure the site meets the needs of both residents and wildlife.

Bolton residents can put forward their views on future changes by attending upcoming consultations.

Eddee said: “We have two final in-person consultations at Horwich Community Centre (April 28) and Astley Bridge Cricket Club (April 30) from 18:30 – 20:00.

“We have also decided to host an online consultation on May 13 from 18:00 – 19:00, to ensure those who cannot join us in person can still share their thoughts.”

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Residents can sign up via Eventbrite by searching: https://www.eventbrite.com/o/woodland-trust-north-75162025843

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Hollywood star and two children decapitated in film stunt gone tragically wrong

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Daily Record

WARNING: DISTRESSING CONTENT The film, co-produced by Steven Spielberg, was marred by a horrific helicopter crash on set which resulted in three deaths

A horrific tragedy occurred on a major Hollywood film set which led to the deaths of two children and the decapitation of star Vic Morrow.

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The Twilight Zone was an adaptation of a beloved 1960s series, co-produced and co-directed by Hollywood legend Steven Spielberg, the genius behind ET, Jaws, Jurassic Park and Gremlins.

The film consisted of different segments helmed by various directors including Spielberg, John Landis, Joe Dante and George Miller. Shot in 1982, this Twilight Zone adaptation was set to feature Vic Morrow, a 1970s superstar who gained fame following the 1960s series Combat!

But Morrow would never live to star in this production. The actor would die aged 53 alongside child actors, seven-year-old Myca Dinh Le and six-year-old Renee Shin-Yi Chen, in a helicopter stunt which went disastrously wrong, reports the New York Times.

John Landis, not Spielberg, was the director of the segment in question.

On July 23, 1982, at 2.20am, during the shooting of Landis’s ‘Time Out’ storyline, the catastrophe struck.

Filming on location at Indian Dunes, California, the helicopter involved plummeted.

The scene was shot at night, with its backdrop meant to resemble Vietnam as the film was set during the war.

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Morrow, who was portraying a racist character called Bill Connor, was meant to carry the two children from an abandoned village across a river during a US army pursuit scene, with the helicopter set to hover overhead.

The New York Times reported the production was “poorly planned” and “barely rehearsed”, leading to one of the scene’s intended explosions damaging the helicopter’s rotor blades, causing the pilot to lose control.

The helicopter then plummeted from the sky and into the river, decapitating Morrow and Le while crushing Chen to death.

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Shockingly, the accident was witnessed by the children’s parents, who were on the set.

The six people aboard the helicopter during the crash were only slightly injured when it plunged into the river bed near the Six Flags Magic Mountain Amusement Park.

Following the incident, civil and criminal legal proceedings were initiated against staff supervising the shoot, including Landis.

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However, the director and four other defendants were cleared of involuntary manslaughter after a nine-month trial.

Sixteen prominent directors – including Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, John Huston, George Lucas, Sidney Lumet and Billy Wilder – signed an open letter of support for the filmmaker.

However, Spielberg was not among them and in April 1983 he told the Los Angeles Times: “No movie is worth dying for. I think people are standing up much more now than ever before to producers and directors who ask too much. If something isn’t safe, it’s the right and responsibility of every actor or crew member to yell ‘Cut!’”

The parents of Le and Chen pursued legal action and settled out of court for an undisclosed sum.

Furthermore, in October 1984, the National Transportation Safety Board released its report on the accident, stating the “probable cause of the accident was the detonation of debris-laden high-temperature special effects explosions too near a low-flying helicopter leading to foreign object damage to one rotor blade and delamination due to heat to the other rotor blade, the separation of the helicopter’s tail rotor assembly, and the uncontrolled descent of the helicopter.

“The proximity of the helicopter (around 25 feet off the ground) to the special effects explosions was due to the failure to establish direct communications and coordination between the pilot, who was in command of the helicopter operation, and the film director, who was in charge of the filming operation.”

Moreover, it was found that the mere presence of the children on the set had been illegal as child labour law regulations prohibited children from working at such a late hour, let alone being in such close proximity to explosions or a helicopter.

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Despite the tragedy, the film production proceeded, and it remains viewable to this day. Twilight Zone: The Movie was launched in June 1983.

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