A west London project will use waste heat from a data centre to supply low-carbon heating to 4,000 homes and a new commercial district
With millennia of history, hundreds of miles of underground rail and thousands of miles of sewers and pipelines, making large-scale sustainable infrastructural changes in central London is incredibly complex. A redevelopment project in west London is nevertheless set to use waste heat from a data centre in an ambient loop network to supply low-carbon heating to 4,000 homes and a new commercial district.
The network will circulate low-temperature water through underground pipes to capture heat from the Mopac Tower data centre, nearby Tube tunnels and other local sources. Building-level heat pumps then raise it to usable temperatures for heating and hot water. The development’s latest sustainability statement says these systems operate at about 264% efficiency, far higher than traditional gas boilers of around 80–90% because it is simply moving heat to create energy, rather than burning energy.
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Developers say the 44-acre, £8bn Earl’s Court project is one of the largest systems of its kind in the UK and almost entirely privately funded, supported by £1.3m of public grants.
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The development aims to be operationally net-zero carbon from day one, with a goal to eventually be energy positive, exporting low-carbon heat to nearby communities, says Peter Runacres, head of urban futures at the Earl’s Court Development Company.
Ofgem, which becomes the statutory regulator for heat networks next year, has promised to protect consumers and ensure they pay “a fair and proportionate price”, a necessary safeguard given the mixed performance of early UK schemes.
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Heat networks elsewhere in Britain have struggled with outages, slow repairs and opaque pricing, so the risk is real. ECDC argues its design avoids the pitfalls. Sutton said the system has “inherent resilience”, with a back-up plant, three interlinked loops so two-thirds stay online if one fails, and large storage tanks that absorb peaks in demand. Because the system runs on ambient temperature water rather than high-pressure heat, she said, it is less vulnerable than older networks.
Concerns about two-tier access, where some buildings benefit and others do not, have dogged other projects. Sutton said all buildings within the masterplan boundary will have the option to connect, though it will not be compulsory. The company is in discussions with Hammersmith, Fulham and Kensington, and Chelsea to extend connections across borough lines and reduce fuel poverty.
While these loop systems remain relatively new in the UK, smaller versions already operate at developments like One New Change in the City of London. Countries including Sweden and Denmark have deployed district heating far more widely, helped by planning systems more supportive of shared energy infrastructure and by historically higher heating costs that drove innovation.
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Images: ECDC
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A military transport plane carrying 125 people has crashed in Colombia killing at least one person.
The country’s defence minister Pedro Anulfo Sanchez said on Monday the Lockheed Martin Hercules C-130 plane had “suffered a tragic accident”.
Mr Sanchez said he hoped the prayers of Colombians would help alleviate the “pain” of the families of the victims.
77 people have been rescued and taken to hospital, leaving around 40 individuals unaccounted for, authorities said.
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Colombian Air Force Commander Fernando Silva said in a video posted on social media that the plane was carrying 114 passengers and 11 crew, and that officials were still investigating the cause of the crash.
Early reports said that many on board were soldiers.
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President Gustavo Petro also commented – criticising those blocking his plans to modernise the military.
Colombia began buying C-130 planes as far back as the 1960s.
Image: Some of those injured in the crash were taken to hospital on a different military plane. Pic: AP
Mr Petro said in a post on X: “I hope there are no fatalities in this horrific accident that should never have happened.
“I will grant no further delays; it is the lives of our young people that are at stake.
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“If civilian or military administrative officials are not up to this challenge, they must be removed.”
The aircraft was taking off from an airport deep in Colombia’s southern Amazon region, on the border with Peru.
The crash occurred just two miles from a busy urban centre, local media BluRadio claim.
Footage purporting to show the crash shows a military plane taking off over dense rainforest, before slowly descending back towards the ground.
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Another clip shows locals transporting injured soldiers to safety on the back of their motorbikes.
Mr Sanchez said, in a translated X post: “With deep sorrow, I report that a Hercules aircraft from our [Colombian Aerospace Force] suffered a tragic accident while taking off from Puerto Leguízamo (Putumayo), while transporting troops from our Public Force.
“Military units are already at the scene; however, the number of victims and the causes of the accident have not yet been precisely determined.
“All protocols for assisting the victims and their families have been activated, as well as the corresponding investigation.
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“I express my sincerest condolences to the families of those affected and, out of respect for their grief, I urge everyone to avoid speculation until official information is available.
“This is a profoundly painful event for the country.”
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The Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules is used by militaries across the world.
They were first launched in the 1950s and Colombia acquired its first models in the late 1960s.
Last month, another C-130 belonging to the Bolivian Air Force crashed in the city of Alto, killing 20 and injuring another 30.
Banknotes from the plane’s cargo scattered around the city – prompting clashes between residents and security forces.
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It is also the second plane crash to make headlines in Colombia this year – back in January a small passenger plane crashed in the north of the country.
All 15 people on board, including a congressman, were killed.
The U.S. Defense Department will issue new press credentials but remove media offices from the Pentagon after a judge sided with The New York Times in a lawsuit regarding limits on reporters’ access to the building, a department official announced Monday.
Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell said the agency disagrees with the ruling and will appeal. U.S. District Judge Paul Friedman in Washington, D.C., last week sided with the newspaper and ruled that the Pentagon’s new policy illegally restricts the press credentials of reporters who walked out of the building rather than agree to the new rules.
Parnell said the reporters will be able to work from an “annex” that will be on the Pentagon grounds but outside the building. He said the new facility “will be available when ready” but did not say how long that would take.
Journalists will still have access to the Pentagon for press conferences and interviews arranged through the department’s public affairs team, but they will have to be escorted, Parnell wrote on X.
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The Times sued the Pentagon and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth in December, claiming the credentialing policy violates the journalists’ constitutional rights to free speech and due process.
The current Pentagon press corps is comprised mostly of conservative outlets that agreed to the policy. Reporters from outlets that refused to consent to the new rules, including from The Associated Press, have continued reporting on the military.
The AP, meanwhile, is awaiting a decision by a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court of Appeals on its separate lawsuit against President Donald Trump’s administration. The AP contends that Trump’s White House team punished it by reducing its access to presidential events because the outlet hasn’t followed his lead in renaming the Gulf of Mexico.
An urgent search has been launched to find a woman who was last seen ten days ago and may now be in Manchester.
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Police are searching for Natasha Walker and have urged anyone with information to get in touch. The 34-year-old was last seen in Whalley, Lancashire, on March 13 but has links to East Lancashire and Manchester.
Lancashire Police said she was last seen in the Mitton Road area at around 4pm on the day she was reported as missing. Natasha is described as a white female, about 5ft 5ins tall, of a medium build with brown hair and blonde extensions.
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She was last seen wearing a Stitch hoodie, white skirt and yellow crocs. She potentially also has a black coat with her and a small, black, furry bag.
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“We are concerned for her whereabouts and have been looking for her for some time and now we are asking for your help,” a spokesperson for Lancashire Police said.
If you have any information call police on 101 (999 in an emergency), quoting log number LC-20260313-0969.
Striking weather maps show wintry conditions will kick in from midnight on Wednesday March 25, with Scotland most affected before snow moves into eastern England by the evening
These striking weather maps show the UK is set for a dramatic shift — with temperatures to plunge and snow to fall across at least 18 regions.
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Snowfall is likely in the coming days across multiple areas, including Essex and Suffolk in the south, Powys in the west and the Scottish Highlands in the north. The maps, created by WXCharts using Metdesk data, depict several large white and grey patches across different parts of the nation, expected to arrive early on Wednesday March 25.
The wintry conditions are predicted to start as early as midnight on Wednesday and persist into the evening. Scotland appears to be the most impacted area, with a forecast for 3am showing council areas including Aberdeenshire, Argyll and Bute, and Perth and Kinross bracing for snow in the early hours. Temperatures are also anticipated to plummet to lows of -4C.
Parts of northern England, such as Northumberland and North Yorkshire, will also witness snow in the early hours, before it dissipates by evening and shifts into the East of England. By 6pm, lighter snow is forecasted to blanket parts of Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Essex and Norfolk, whilst depths across Scotland are predicted to rise to up to four inches.
Rainfall is also expected throughout the day, with many areas likely to see sleet build-up at some point. The Met Office also predicts a sudden shift in weather patterns this week, reports the Express.
Steven Keates, Met Office deputy chief forecaster, stated: “After a spell of mild and brighter weather, the UK will become increasingly unsettled in the coming days. A series of weather fronts will bring bouts of rain, strong winds and much colder air by midweek. Wednesday could be quite a shock to the system.”
It will be a huge change to the recent balmy weather. For instance, the mercury hit 16C in Cardiff and 15C in Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire on Sunday. It was a particularly sunny day too, with 8.3 hours of sunshine recorded in Hurn, which is in Dorset.
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But Jo Farrow, a meteorologist with Netweather, wrote on its blog: “For the new working week, the trend is to colder conditions with mention of snow showers from the northwest. It will become windy as the settled weather under the current high pressure is shoved aside by an Atlantic low pressure.
“This low pressure will bring rain and blustery winds to northwest Scotland on Monday, then slide south of Iceland towards the Norwegian Sea. Its cold front will bring rain down over central Britain and Northern Ireland, with the plunge of cold Arctic air following for the middle of this week.”
Emergency and critical service vehicles would receive priority access to fuel in this scenario.
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Utilities such as gas and electricity suppliers and water companies would have the next priority, followed by public transport vehicles.
Commercial vehicles would be up next, specifically ones fulfilling duties such as delivering food to supermarkets and making health-related deliveries.
Meanwhile, private drivers would face restrictions on how much fuel they could buy per filling station visit, and pumps could be closed overnight.
In an extreme scenario, the Government has the power to allocate how crude oil and other imported oil products are distributed across the UK entirely.
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These measures would only be activated in a severe national shortage.
The Guardian shares that further elements of contingency plans could see speed limits cut by up to 10mph on some roads to lower fuel consumption.
This could be implemented on some motorways, where signage is also adjusted electronically on major routes.
However, the DESNZ is understood to be confident that the UK has a diverse and resilient fuel supply.
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Jack Cousens, the head of roads policy at the AA, said: “Drivers should be assured that there are good fuel supplies and people should not change their fuelling habits.
“Nevertheless, advice to drive as efficiently as possible is something that drivers could adopt at all times to save both fuel and money.
“Reducing speed and braking less harshly are beneficial.
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“Similarly, linking journeys together contributes to saving fuel.”
How much have fuel prices gone up in your area? Let us know in the comments.
Footage shows the Air Canada Express plane slamming into a Port Authority fire truck on the runway, where the emergency vehicle was responding to an issue on another plane late Sunday night.
The pilot and copilot were killed after landing in New York from Montreal with 72 passengers and four crew onboard. The crash destroyed much of the front cockpit area of the plane, which was operated by Jazz Aviation.
An audio recording revealed air traffic controllers were in a panic moments before the deadly collision. “Stop, stop, stop!” an air traffic control dispatcher is heard saying. A voice later adds: “I messed up.”
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About 40 passengers and crew members were taken to nearby hospitals, some with serious injuries. Most had been released Monday morning, authorities said.
Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said Monday that the deadly collision served as a reminder to “wear your seatbelts.”
LaGuardia reopened one runway at 2 p.m. Eastern Monday, though officials warned of continued delays and cancellations as a result of the crash.
The delays exacerbate ongoing extended wait times at U.S. airports, which have resulted from the partial government shutdown and a shortage of TSA agents.
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Recap: Air Canada passenger plane in deadly collision with fire struck at LaGuardia Airport
If you’re just joining us, here’s everything you need to know:
An Air Canada passenger plane from Montreal with 76 people on board collided with a fire truck on the runway at LaGuardia Airport, New York, Sunday night
The pilot and co-pilot of the plane, arriving from Montreal, were killed
41 passengers were taken to hospital. Most had been released by Monday morning, authorities said
LaGuardia remained closed until 2 p.m. ET Monday as more than 500 flights were cancelled
Joe Sommerlad23 March 2026 10:48
LaGuardia crash comes at sensitive time for U.S. air travel
Sunday’s late-night crash at LaGuardia comes at a time of considerable strain on the U.S. air travel system.
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The Department of Homeland Security, which oversees the airport-focused Transportation Security Administration, has gone without funding for weeks amid an ongoing partial government shutdown.
Josh Marcus23 March 2026 21:55
Port Authority IDs individuals in truck that collided with plane
Two people who were in a fire truck that collided with an incoming Air Canada jet at LaGuardia on Sunday have been identified.
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The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which oversees New York City-area airports, named the individuals as Sgt. Michael Orsillo and Officer Adrian Baez.
“Both were taken to New York Presbyterian Hospital,” Port Authority Executive Director Kathryn Garcia said during a press conference on Monday. “We expect one to be released later this afternoon, and the other to be kept overnight for observation.”
Josh Marcus23 March 2026 21:35
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‘Hero’ pilots died saving passengers, survivor of LaGuardia crash says
“I wish I could tell their families how thankful I am. They are heroes.”
That’s how one survivor of last night’s runway crash at LaGuardia is processing the collision, which killed both pilots and injured scores of passengers.
Shweta Sharma, Paul Farrell, and Jasmine Fernández have the latest details on the incident.
Josh Marcus23 March 2026 21:19
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Josh Marcus23 March 2026 21:05
Transportation Secretary says he has asked Congress for more money for air traffic control
Much-needed modernizations for air traffic control systems can’t happen without more money from Congress, Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said during a Monday news briefing.
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“We’ve been modernizing our system, but we can’t fully modernize it until Congress gives us the additional money,” he said.
“It’s not a partisan issue, both Democrats and Republicans agree, but they have to have the will to finish the funding,” he continued.
Duffy added: “I’m not saying the crash would have been prevented if we had all the equipment deployed, but it’s important if we care about air travel safety, we care about having a brand new air traffic control system, the best in the world, with the best equipment virtually all of it developed here in America.”
Isabel Keane23 March 2026 20:45
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LaGuardia Airport runway 4 will be closed until Friday morning
Runway 4 at LaGuardia Airport will be closed until 7 a.m. Friday, following the deadly collision between an Air Canada plane and a fire truck, the FAA said.
LaGuardia was closed through much of Monday, but reopened a single runway around 2 p.m.
Isabel Keane23 March 2026 20:19
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One of the pilots killed identified by family
One of the two pilots killed in the crash at LaGuardia Airport has been identified as Antoine Forest.
Forest’s family confirmed his death to the Toronto Star on Monday.
The pilot was originally from Coteau-du-Lac, a small city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. He first started flying planes when he was just 16, his great aunt, Jeannette Gagnier, told the Star.
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Forest, a first officer at Air Canada Express, had been co-piloting the plane that crashed on Sunday. He and his co-pilot, who has not been publicly identified, were declared dead while several passengers were injured.
“It’s a very bad day for me,” Gagnier, who acted as a grandmother to Forest, told the newspaper.
Forest’s LinkedIn page lists him as a first officer for Jazz Aviation since December 2022.
Isabel Keane23 March 2026 20:08
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Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy says LaGuardia is a ‘very well-staffed airport’
Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said that LaGuardia Airport “is a very well-staffed airport.”
Duffy said they have 37 air traffic controller positions, 33 of which are currently staffed. Seven more controllers are going through training, he said.
Isabel Keane23 March 2026 19:59
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Collision was first incident resulting in death at LaGuardia Airport in over 30 years
The collision involving an Air Canada plane and a Port Authority fire truck was the first incident resulting in death at LaGuardia Airport in over 30 years, officials said during a Monday press briefing.
Kathryn Garcia, the head of the Port Authority, which operates all major New York area airports, said it’s been 34 years since there has been an incident resulting in death at the airport.
“This could have been an even broader tragedy if everyone had not responded as quickly as effectively as they did,” Garcia said.
Jesy Nelson says it’s ‘bittersweet’ to see progress made towards SMA screenings outside England (Picture: Instagram)
Former Little Mix singer Jesy Nelson has admitted it’s ‘bittersweet’ seeing progress being made in the fight for babies to be screened for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
It has been announced that Scotland will be the first part of the UK to screen babies for the rare muscle disease that Jesy’s daughters also have.
The 34-year-old star and her now ex-fiance, Zion Foster, announced earlier this year that her twins, Ocean Jade and Story Monroe, were diagnosed with the rare genetic condition known as SMA, which causes progressive muscle wasting.
She has since campaigned for all babies to be screened for it, as early treatment can help avoid some of the most devastating effects.
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In a post on her Instagram Story on Monday, the Boyz hitmaker said: ‘Today my heart feels super heavy. It’s a very bittersweet moment knowing that Scotland had become the first UK nation to screen babies for SMA.
‘We’re so close yet so far.
She released a statement after the news that Scotland would begin screening babies for the rare muscular disease (Picture: Instagram)
‘I will never be able to understand why we still do not test for it here in England.’
According to the NHS, the condition causes muscle weakness, movement problems, breathing and swallowing difficulties, muscle tremors, and bone and joint problems.
Jesy said in January that her babies’ diagnosis would mean they are unlikely ever to be able to walk or regain their neck strength.
Her twins have had treatment, a one-off infusion that puts a missing gene back into their bodies to stop other muscles from dying; however, it does not help regain any muscles that have already died.
She continued: ‘To know that my girls lives and so many other children in England could look so different if this had been here for them.
Jesy is a proud mum to twins Ocean Jade and Story Monroe (Picture: Instagram)
Earlier this year, she was told that it was unlikely her daughters would ever walk (Picture: Instagram)
‘But nevertheless I will keep fighting and pushing for change because nobody should ever have to go through this heartache.’
From today, all parents in Scotland will be offered SMA screening for their newborns, on about day four after birth.
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After Jesy’s twins’ diagnosis, she launched a petition to get screening for SMA added to the newborn blood spot screening test, also known as the heel-prick test, which screens for serious health conditions.
The petition secured more than 100,000 signatures, which means it will be considered for a debate in the House of Commons.
Continuing her activism, she also became a patron of the charity Spinal Muscular Atrophy UK after meeting Health Secretary Wes Streeting earlier this year to speak about the life-changing impact early detection of the condition could have had on her twins.
Announcing her new role last month, the pop star wrote on social media that she felt ‘incredibly proud’ and it meant ‘so much to [her]’.
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Jesy shares her children with ex-partner Zion Foster (Picture: Ken McKay/ITV/Shutterstock)
She has vowed not to stop speaking out until ‘something changes’ (Picture: Amazon Prime Video)
‘I’ve been deeply touched by the SMA community from the strength of the children, the resilience of the families, and the love that surrounds them every single day,’ Jesy penned.
‘I’ll be using my voice to keep raising awareness not only for my girls, but to support families going through the same experiences, and campaigning for the SMA test to be added to the newborn screening heel-prick test so more babies can get the help they need as early as possible.’
Jesy has made it known that she is ‘not going to stop’ talking about SMA until ‘something changes’ and has been inundated with well-wishes since taking Ocean and Story’s diagnoses public.
Symptoms of SMA
As explained by the NHS, symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) affect everyone differently but can include:
muscle weakness – such as floppy or weak arms and legs
movement problems – such as difficulty sitting up, crawling or walking
problems with breathing or swallowing
twitching or shaking muscles (tremors)
bone and joint problems – such as an unusually curved spine (scoliosis)
These symptoms are most often noticed in babies and toddlers, but they can also start in teenagers and adults.
SMA does not affect intelligence or cause learning disabilities.
On The Smallzy Show, Leigh-Anne, who has her own twin daughters, said recently that she and the other two members ‘obviously’ all reached out to Jesy when the news broke in January.
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‘I think she’s really incredible for spreading that awareness,’ the Don’t Say Love singer added.
Jesy’s ex-bandmates – Perrie Edwards, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, and Jade Thirlwall – have all ‘reached out’ to her this year following their feud (Picture: Ibl/Shutterstock)
Jesy also confirmed to Alison Hammond and Dermot O’Leary on This Morning that it was ‘lovely’ to hear from them.
‘They’re your sisters, aren’t they?’, Dermot asked.
‘Of course!’, Jesy agreed. ‘We were genuinely best friends, and things happen in life; it doesn’t always go how you think it’s going to, but three of us are mums now, I think we’ve all had time to heal; it’s been five, nearly six years, and I think it’s just one of those things that takes time.’
‘Who knows what will happen,’ she said of the possibility of reuniting, having left the group in 2020. ‘But since they’ve been reaching out, it’s lovely. It’s definitely healed a part of me, for sure.’
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The DWP, HMRC and Social Security Scotland have confirmed some people will receive their payments early due to the Easter bank holidays
Linda Howard Money and Consumer Writer
21:00, 23 Mar 2026
The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has confirmed that some individuals due to receive State Pension or benefit payments over the Easter weekend will see the money deposited into their bank accounts early. This year, Easter falls on Sunday, April 5, which means scheduled payments set to be made on Good Friday or bank holiday Monday will be issued on Thursday, April 2.
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and Social Security Scotland have also confirmed that payments due on those days – Friday, April 3, or Monday, April 6 – will be made early. The DWP also stated that Jobcentre Plus Offices and phone lines will be closed on Friday, April 3 and Monday, April 6, but will open as usual on Tuesday, April 7.
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It’s crucial to note that if your upcoming payment does not fall on either of the Easter holidays, it will be paid as normal. Below is a full list of DWP, HMRC and Social Security Scotland payments which could be affected by the Easter bank holiday weekend.
If your benefit or payment is not listed, it will not be affected by the Easter bank holiday weekend, reports the Daily Record.
DWP payment dates over Easter weekend
Payments due to be made on Friday April 3 or Monday April 6 for the benefits listed below will be paid on Thursday, April 2.
Payments affected:
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Attendance Allowance
Carer’s Allowance
Employment Support Allowance (ESA)
Income Support
Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA)
Pension Credit
Personal Independence Payment (PIP)
State Pension
Universal Credit
HMRC payment date changes over Easter weekend
Payments due to be made on Friday April 3 or Monday April 6 for the benefits listed below will be paid on Thursday, April 2.
Payments affected:
Child Benefit
Guardian’s Allowance
Social Security Scotland payment dates over Easter weekend
Payments scheduled for Friday, April 3, or Monday, April 6, for the benefits listed below will be made on Thursday, April 2.
A new map shows areas believed to be within range of Iranian missile strikes after Tehran’s threat to target ‘parks, recreational areas and tourist destinations’
22:23, 23 Mar 2026Updated 22:28, 23 Mar 2026
Iran threatened to target tourist sites across the world – and a map shows which locations may be within reach.
That same day, two Iranian missiles tried to target the joint US-UK military base in Diego Garcia, which lies in the Indian Ocean about 2,500 miles away from Iran. Defence Secretary John Healey said one failed and one was shot down.
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It is not clear what kind of missiles were used but Sidharth Kaushal, from the London-based think tank the Royal United Services Institute, told the BBC it could have been a version of Iran’s Khorramshah missile, which is based on a single-stage North Korean model and has a range of more than 1,200 miles.
Iranian missiles are generally assessed to have a range of about 1,240 to 1,860 miles, with Israeli estimates suggesting they could reach up to 2,485 miles, according to the BBC. A map shows the countries which are within a 1,200-mile range of Iran, the Express reports.
Countries within 1,200-mile range of Iran:
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Cyprus
Egypt
Turkey
Israel
Lebanon
Syria
Iraq
Turkmenistan
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Oman
Afghanistan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan
Georgia
Pakistan
Russia
Kazakhstan
Jordan
Kuwait
Bahrain
Qatar
Ukraine
More than 1,500 people in Iran have been killed in US-Israeli strikes since February 28. In Lebanon, more than 1,000 people have been killed in Israeli strikes, and more than one million people have been displaced, according to the Lebanese government. UN peacekeepers in southern Lebanon report “intense gunfire and explosions” as Israeli ground forces fight Hezbollah militants.
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Fifteen people have been killed in Israel, and 13 US service members have been killed in combat, along with a number of civilians on land and at sea in the Gulf region.
It comes after US President Donald Trump claimed in a Truth Social post on Monday that his country and Iran held “productive conversations” about a “complete and total resolution” to the war in the Middle East. Several outlets reported that Trump’s special envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner have been negotiating with Iran’s parliament speaker, Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf.
However, Ghalibaf branded reports of talks between the US and Iran as “fake news”. “No negotiations have been held with the US, and fakenews is used to manipulate the financial and oil markets and escape the quagmire in which the US and Israel are trapped,” he said.
On March 19, Ras Laffan, the largest liquified natural gas (LNG) terminal in the world, supplying one-fifth of the world’s super-chilled fuel, was hit by Iranian missiles and drones. The Qatari terminal suffered substantial damage in the strikes – fires were raging across the gas-to-liquids facility within the complex, which covers 295 square kilometres – the size of a large city.
Investments worth tens if not hundreds of millions of dollars disappeared into thin air. Damage was estimated to be so extensive that QatarEnergy’s CEO, Saad Sherida al-Kaabi, said the company may have to declare a “force majeure” (non-fulfilment of orders due to circumstances outside their control) on long-term contracts. He said this could affect LNG supplies to Italy, Belgium, Korea and China “for up to five years”.
Similar to oil, gas exports from the Persian Gulf supplied about 20% of world demand. But gas (mostly methane) is a very different fuel from crude oil. To move it in liquified form, methane must be chilled to below -162°C.
But at these temperatures steel becomes brittle and shatters. So storing and transporting LNG in ships is expensive and very energy-intensive. Liquefaction and transportation of methane can easily consume 15% of the initial natural gas extracted.
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It also means that the infrastructure that enables a highly flammable and explosive fuel to be handled at these extreme conditions has to be complex and consequently very expensive. Ras Laffan, for example, was built over decades and in several phases, costing tens of billions of dollars.
No quick fix
Interestingly, Qatar’s North Field and Iran’s South Pars gas field are part of the same massive geological structure, separated only by a maritime border in the Persian Gulf. Together, they form the world’s largest natural gas field.
So, Iran and Qatar are essentially exploiting the same gas reservoir the same way two people would use straws to drink from the same bottle. The US president, Donald Trump, now appears to have retreated from his threats to blow up “the entirety” of the Iranian gas field – but this geological fact had always made his comments quite ridiculous.
While Qatar exports most of its production, Iran uses the bulk of its gas domestically (although some exports go via pipeline to Turkey and Iraq).
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Iran’s South Pars gas field is separated from Qatar’s North Field only by the maritime border in the Persian Gulf. EPA/ABEDIN TAHERKENAREH
But the damage to the complex has been done, and it affects some 17% of the country’s LNG infrastructure. Repairing it will take a long time, precisely because of the complexity of LNG projects.
The plant must be warmed up slowly before repairs and cooled down slowly after. Rapid temperature changes can cause pipes to bend or even snap. And parts of the plant are bulky and hard to transport. The main heat exchangers can be more than 50 metres long, and compressors, turbines and liquefaction trains can easily weigh 5,000 metric tonnes. Storage tanks must be built of special alloys with double walls and customised insulation.
In other words, gas is very different to oil. Recent events have shown just how vulnerable the LNG supplies from the Gulf region are. They are going to affect Asia most, as about three-quarters of Qatar’s LNG ends up there – particularly China, India, Taiwan, South Korea and Pakistan, as well as others.
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Most of the rest ends up in Europe – Italy, Belgium, Poland and a small amount to the UK (the UK imported only about 1% of its supply from Qatar last year). The majority of the UK’s imports come from its own UK production in the North Sea and imports from Norway and the US.
However, LNG is a part of the global energy market and the shortfall in production will result in higher prices globally. Gas will end up with the highest bidder, while some nations will probably go back to using coal. This may especially be the case with India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and a few other Asian countries that are very sensitive to high fuel prices.
Some European countries may even see coal as a cheaper option. Following the events in the Gulf, this “spark spread” (the profit margin from gas-fired electricity generation) has fallen, narrowing the gap in Europe with the “dark spread” (profit from generating power using coal).
The benchmark for European gas prices, the Dutch Title Transfer Facility, has more than doubled since mid-January. Coal prices have picked up due to higher demand, but not as much. Unlike oil, the LNG shortage has turned from a logistical problem – the closure of the strait of Hormuz – into a structural one. The damage to the Qatari production facility may take several years to repair. This means that gas prices – already high – are likely to remain elevated for some time.
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