Middle class teenagers are less likely to develop eating disorders than those from poorer backgrounds, British researchers have found.
Teenagers whose parents didn’t attend university face a 25 per cent increased risk of developing the conditions, which include anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder.
Parents with above-average salaries are less likely to see their children suffer the mental illness.
However, other measures of socioeconomic status, such as parents’ jobs, financial difficulties or receiving government benefits was less consistently linked to eating disorder symptoms.
Experts from University College London warned that treating eating disorders as a middle class condition could have serious consequences.
‘Eating disorders are often stereotyped as a problem of affluence but this review shows that this is not the full picture,’ Dr Nora Trompeter, an expert in eating disorders in adolescents and study lead author, explained.
‘Eating disorders don’t discriminate by income or education.
‘If anything, the evidence points the other way, and treating them as a ‘privileged’ condition risks leaving adolescents most in need of support undiagnosed and untreated,’ she added.
Eating disorders in young people have risen five-fold since 2017, NHS data suggests
The review – published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders – reviewed data from 51 studies involving 26,174 adolescents from North America, Europe and Australia.
Around two-thirds of the studies found that teenagers from lower-income families were more likely to have eating disorder symptoms. No studies found the opposite.
Alongside diagnosed anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorders, the review also included early warning symptoms of disordered eating including restricting food, fasting, negative body image and a mounting pressure to become thinner.
The analysis also found that teenagers whose parents attended university were less likely to have symptoms of an eating disorder.
The team, who collaborated with experts at Copenhagen University Hospital, are now calling for healthcare providers and school counsellors to be more aware of the warning signs in teenagers from lower-socioeconomic backgrounds, to get them the help they need sooner.
Dr Trompeter added: ‘Challenging outdated stereotypes could help reduce missed diagnoses and ensure that those young people who are most in need receive timely treatment.’
It comes as figures published in July revealed that more than 3.5 million people in the UK could now be living with an eating disorder.
Analysis by Beat estimated that around one in 15 people aged 11 and over are now battling an eating disorder, a figure almost three times higher than previous estimates.
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Experts have warned that these patients are still being denied potentially life-saving treatment until they become critically ill, with outdated thresholds such as body mass index continuing to influence access to care.
Admissions of children for eating disorders increased six-fold in a decade, between 2012 and 2022, from 478 to 2,938, accounting for around 4 per cent of all mental health admissions among children, UCL research shows.
These children are also staying in hospital longer, with the NHS spending £87.5million in 2022 on all child mental health conditions, following a surge in eating disorders.
Some 3.5 million people in the UK suffer from an eating disorder, with the most common being atypical types (ARFID), followed by binge eating disorder.
Around half of anorexia sufferers will never make a full recovery, while the same is true for roughly a third of bulimia and binge eating patients, according to NICE.
Recent NHS data show the prevalence of eating disorders in 11 to 16-year-olds increased five-fold between 2017 and 2023.
Meanwhile, the results of a poll published in April revealed almost half of primary teachers in England see pupils with eating disorders.
Experts have blamed multiple factors for the rise in the conditions, including more time spent on social media apps like Instagram, educational pressure and the residual effect of lockdowns.
For free support call the UK’s leading eating disorder charity Beat on 0808 801 0677. Lines are open Monday to Friday, 3pm to 8pm. Alternatively, visit their website.

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