Work to upgrade the East Coast Main Line is taking place at sites between York and Newcastle every weekend in March.

There will also be signal testing on the southern part of the line in Hertfordshire next Sunday (March 15), affecting services between Peterborough and London King’s Cross.

Rail replacement services will be in place for train services from York to and from Darlington and Durham over the four weekends.

The rail replacement services will connect passengers travelling to or from Darlington and Durham with trains at either York or Newcastle.

Network Rail said passengers are “advised to allow extra time to complete their journeys”.

An hourly rail service will run during the work using a diversion route to connect customers between York, Northallerton and Newcastle, via Sunderland, Network Rail said.

The rail operator said trains will still be running for “most passengers” travelling through the North East.

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Network Rail said the work includes the renewal of more than 3.8km of track, as well as new switches and crossings at three locations.

Work will also be carried out on the £140 million Darlington station upgrade which will also see overhead line equipment installed as the project nears completion, it said.

Gunnar Lindahl, joint operations director for Network Rail and LNER, said the East Coast Main Line upgrades will “keep trains running safely and reliably for the millions of passengers who depend on the route”.

“We appreciate this work does mean changes to weekend services, and we’re grateful to passengers for their patience while we complete these upgrades,” he said.

Rising demand, rota gaps and growing patient acuity have left many services under severe strain.

The Royal College of Physicians is today calling for urgent action to stabilise and support Northern Ireland’s overstretched physician workforce.

The RCP has published a new briefing report calling for system-wide action and warning that without reform the health service risks losing a generation of future doctors.

The new report, Turning the tide: Supporting Northern Ireland’s physician workforce, draws on evidence from a high-level roundtable convened by the RCP in November 2025, bringing together doctors, system leaders and policymakers from across Northern Ireland.

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It highlights four critical areas requiring immediate action: workforce pressures and morale, training bottlenecks, system pressures including corridor care and the need to value and invest in clinical leadership.

The RCP is calling for a series of practical reforms, including expansion of training places and redesign of recruitment processes to reflect medical school growth and better support retention in Northern Ireland and support resident doctors with better supervision, fair access to training and flexible, modern career pathways including non-traditional and portfolio roles.

There are also calls for the development of structured career pathways and leadership opportunities for SAS and locally employed doctors; action to tackle corridor care through system-wide discharge planning, intermediate care and the expansion of ambulatory and community car; greater support for generalist practice and value-based care and meaningful investment in clinical leadership development across all career grades.

The RCP says that rising demand, rota gaps and growing patient acuity have left many services under severe strain.

Resident doctors and consultant physicians have described unsafe workloads, erosion of goodwill and growing exhaustion, while specialist, specialty and associate specialist and locally employed doctors reported inconsistent career progression and a lack of recognition despite their expanding role in delivering frontline care.

RCP president Professor Mumtaz Patel said: “Doctors in Northern Ireland are clear about both the scale of the challenge and the solutions needed. This is not about a lack of commitment or capability – it’s about creating a system that values its people, supports training and enables high-quality, dignified patient care. With the right action now, we can turn the tide.”

The briefing also raises serious concerns about escalating competition ratios for internal medicine training (IMT), which mean many doctors are unable to secure training posts in Northern Ireland.

Roundtable participants warned that this threatens the long-term consultant pipeline, with one participant saying: ‘We risk losing an entire generation of our future physicians if this does not change.’

Clinicians further described the ethical and emotional toll of delivering care in overcrowded hospitals, where prolonged delays to discharge and insufficient community capacity have normalised corridor care.

The report argues that these pressures cannot be solved by hospitals alone and calls for a renewed focus on generalist practice, multidisciplinary working and community-based models of care.

Alongside these system challenges, the RCP highlights the critical importance of investing in clinical leadership. Doctors across all career stages reported taking on leadership responsibilities without protected time, training or recognition, undermining both morale and service improvement.

Dr Sean Coghlan, chair of the RCP Student and Foundation Doctor Network, and a foundation doctor working in Belfast, said: “As a foundation doctor in Northern Ireland, it often feels like we’re working flat out just to keep services safe, with little time or certainty about our future training.

“We want to stay and build our careers here, but we need fair access to training, proper support and a system that values us if we’re going to be able to deliver the care our patients deserve.”

The RCP says it will continue to work with colleagues across Northern Ireland to champion the perspectives of resident, SAS and consultant physicians, and to support reforms in medical training, workforce planning and the culture of medicine.

In response, the Department of Health said it is very aware of the pressures on the HSC system and of the need, not simply to do more of the same, but to reset the approaches to delivering care.

A DoH spokesperson added: “We are committed to working jointly with Trusts and the Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency to improve the training experience and to develop non-traditional career pathways.

“A workshop is being organised to explore these ideas together with the opportunities afforded by the impending Medical Training (Prioritisation) Bill and the recent work to reduce agency/locum spend.”

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Molineux has seen as many Premier League wins in the past five days as it had in the previous 10 months. But through its history, it can’t have seen many more dramatic than this.

Make no mistake, Wolves were well worth the three points here. At 1-1, they pushed for a winner and got their reward, albeit with a slice of luck with the deflection off Joe Gomez.

“This is Liverpool Football Club – never mind this position you’re in, any time you beat them, you’ve got to enjoy the moment,” said Edwards.

“They’re an amazing football club with an amazing manager and loads of great players. So it was a big, big night for us.”

The Wolves head coach joked afterwards that he had injured himself when sprinting down the touchline after his team’s late winner.

“What we’re trying to do is improve,” he added. “We’re trying to build some momentum. We know the position we’re in. I know I’ve lost myself in that moment there. People might think we’re bottom of the league but you saw the energy around this place. You have to enjoy it. We’re trying to turn things around.

“There is a belief that we are going in the right direction. Whatever happens until the end of that 38th game, we’ll just keep fighting.”

With victories against Aston Villa and Liverpool in their past two Premier League games, Wolves are the first bottom-placed side to beat two teams in the top five in a single season since West Brom in 2017-18, and the first to ever do so in consecutive matches.

While Liverpool are fighting for Champions League football, Wolves are fighting against the impossible and sit 11 points from safety with eight games remaining.

This result, in all likelihood, will ultimately have no impact on their future in the Premier League, but Rodrigo Gomes, the scorer of their first goal on Tuesday, is keeping the faith.

“We know we are in a tough position,” he told BBC Sport. “It’s very difficult but we need to keep believing. If it is possible, we need to keep believing.

“Now we need to work, game by game and not think ‘if we win this game or this game, we avoid relegation’. Game by game, working like this every week then maybe – we will see.”

As one Wolves fan told BBC Sport on his way out of Molineux: “It’s crazy how we are where we are in the table.”

For a side and fanbase who have endured plenty this season, this was a night they will not forget in a hurry.

And they get the opportunity to try to do it all again when Liverpool return on Friday in the FA Cup.

Both sides emerge from the tunnel and we are just moments away from kick-off at Molineux. Here is a reminder of the two teams tonight:

Wolves: Sa, Tchatchoua, Doherty, S Bueno, Krejci, Wolfe, Andre, J Gomes, A Gomes, Mane, Armstrong.
Substitutes: Johnstone, Toti, Mosquera, Lima, H Bueno, R Gomes, Bellegarde, Hwang, Arokodare.

Liverpool: Alisson; Frimpong, Konate, Van Dijk, Kerkez; Mac Allister, Gravenberch; Salah, Szoboszlai, Gakpo, Ekitike.
Substitutes: Mamardashvili, Gomez, Chiesa, Jones, Robertson, Nyoni, Ramsay, Morrison, Ngumoha.

A man convicted of fatally shooting a police officer with his own service weapon during a traffic stop was executed Tuesday evening in Florida. Billy Leon Kearse, 53, became the third person put to death by the state this year, following a record 19 executions in 2025.

Kearse was pronounced dead at 6:24 p.m. at Florida State Prison near Starke, after receiving a three-drug injection. He had been condemned for the 1991 killing of Fort Pierce Police Officer Danny Parrish.

Court records detail that Officer Parrish had stopped Kearse in January 1991 for driving the wrong way on a one-way street. When Kearse failed to produce a valid driver’s license, Parrish ordered him out of his vehicle and attempted to handcuff him, leading to a struggle.

During the altercation, Kearse seized Parrish’s firearm and fired 14 times, striking the officer nine times in the body and four times in his body armor, according to prosecutors. A taxi driver, hearing the shots, used the officer’s radio to call for help. Parrish died after being rushed to a hospital. Police subsequently used license plate information, which Parrish had relayed during the stop, to arrest Kearse at his home.

open image in gallery

Kearse was initially convicted of first-degree murder and robbery with a firearm and sentenced to death in 1991. The Florida Supreme Court later found the trial court failed to give jurors certain information about aggravating circumstances and ordered a new sentencing. Kearse again drew the death penalty in 1997.

A total of 47 people were executed in the U.S. in 2025. Florida led the way with a flurry of death warrants signed by Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis, far outpacing Alabama, South Carolina and Texas which each held five executions last year. The 19 Florida executions that year outstripped the previous high totals of eight in both 1984 and 2014.

Besides the three Florida executions to date this year, Texas and Oklahoma have each executed one person each so far in 2026.

Two more Florida executions are scheduled soon, starting with Michael Lee King on March 17 for the 2008 kidnap and killing of a mother of two. Former police officer James Duckett is set to be executed March 31 for the 1987 killing of an 11-year-old girl.

All Florida executions are carried out via lethal injection using a sedative, a paralytic and a drug that stops the heart, according to the Department of Corrections.

Hours before Tuesday’s execution, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Kearse’s final appeal without comment. And last week, the Florida Supreme Court denied appeals filed by Kearse

One person has died and another was left injured after an incident involving a car and a train at a railway crossing this morning (March 3)

Rail delays are expected to continue throughout the day after a person died in a crash this morning (Tuesday, March 3). Emergency services were called to the Dimmocks Cote level crossing in Ely at around 10.15am.

A car and train collided on the crossing. Sadly, a person died, and another person suffered minor injuries.

British Transport Police attended the incident. A BTP spokesperson said: “BTP were called at around 10.15am this morning to reports of a collision involving a train and a car at Dimmocks Cote level crossing in Ely.

“Officers responded alongside paramedics, and sadly, a person has been pronounced dead at the scene. Enquiries are ongoing to identify the person and inform their next of kin. Another person is receiving treatment for minor injuries.

“Enquiries are ongoing to establish the full circumstances of what happened. Any witnesses who haven’t already spoken to police are asked to text BTP on 61016 quoting the reference 198 of March 3.”

Cross Country confirmed it was one of its trains involved in the crash. A Cross Country spokesperson said: “We are aware of an incident this morning involving one of our trains at a level crossing near Ely, where one person has sadly died at the scene.

“Our priority is the safety of colleagues and passengers, and we are working with emergency services and Network Rail to manage the situation safely and support those onboard. Train services between Cambridge and Ely are expected to be severely disrupted. Please check your journey with National Rail Enquiries before travelling.”

There is still major disruption on the railway, with no trains expected to run between Cambridge and Ely until 9pm. The affected trains are CrossCountry, Greater Anglia and Great Northern.

On the National Rail website, it said: “A collision at a level crossing between Waterbeach and Ely means that all lines between these stations are closed. As a result, no trains will run between Cambridge North and Ely.

“Therefore, there is no direct train route between Cambridge and Ely. Train services will be revised to terminate and start at different stations. Waterbeach will not be served by train.

“Rail replacement buses are running between Cambridge, Cambridge North and Ely. Please note, Greater Anglia services are still able to run between London Liverpool Street and Cambridge North, if you’re travelling between Cambridge and Cambridge North, you can still continue your journey by train.”

Three US F-15E fighter jets were shot down over Kuwait in the early hours of Monday (March 2) in an apparent friendly fire incident during Operation Epic Fury, the joint US-Israel campaign against Iran.

All six crew members ejected safely and are in a stable condition – but “safely” is a relative term when you’re being blasted out of a stricken aircraft travelling at combat speed.

Decisions to eject are not taken lightly, but often only a few seconds are available to make that call – one that sets off a chain of events subjecting the body to some of the highest G-forces (the effect of acceleration on the body) a human can withstand. Waiting too long can be deadly. Some studies suggest delays are linked to death rates of up to 23%.

Fighter pilots can withstand up to 9G with the help of anti-G equipment, but even that can only be sustained briefly. Ejection from a fighter jet generates forces far beyond that. (To put the forces involved in context, most people lose consciousness at around 5G, because gravity’s effect surpasses the heart’s ability to pump blood to the brain.)

The seat is launched clear of the aircraft and then propelled upward to ensure enough altitude for a parachute to deploy safely, accelerating the occupant at up to 200m per second squared – roughly 20 times the force of gravity.

When used within the recommended parameters – the right speed, altitude and attitude (the aircraft’s angle or position in the air) – modern ejection seats show a greater than 95% survival rate.

Modern seats are known as “zero-zero”, meaning they can technically be used even if the aircraft is stationary on the ground. But low-altitude ejections below 500ft (152m) reduce survival to around 50%.

The ejection is just the beginning

Surviving the ejection is no guarantee of walking away uninjured. A large review of the evidence found major injuries occur in just under 30% of ejections, affecting the spine, limbs, head and chest.

Spinal fractures are the most common, occurring in as many as 42% of ejections, with the vertebrae at T12 and L1 (the lowest vertebra of the mid-back and uppermost vertebra of the lower back) accounting for nearly 40% of spinal fractures in a group of German aircrew.

The cushioning discs between the vertebrae absorb the same forces and can compress sharply, similar to the way the spine naturally squashes down during the day, causing most people to lose up to 20mm in height through normal daily compression.

The direction of ejection also matters. In normal flight, positive G-forces press the pilot into the seat, causing blood to move toward the lower body. Negative G occurs when the aircraft accelerates downward relative to the pilot, such as during a dive or when flying upside down, driving blood toward the head instead.

Ejecting under these conditions has been linked to eye injuries, probably caused by rapid pressure changes in the delicate blood vessels of the eye, and can result in temporary blindness lasting months.

Once outside the aircraft, the crew is hit by “windblast” – a violent rush of air caused by the jet’s speed. This can reach 600 knots in some circumstances, and there are recorded instances of ejection above the speed of sound.

At those speeds, masks and equipment can be ripped away – a serious problem at altitude, where oxygen masks are essential. Their loss can trigger hypoxia – a lack of oxygen that affects thinking and decision-making – reducing the crew member’s ability to manage their own survival.

High altitude also brings the risk of hypothermia and frostbite, depending on the location and conditions.

Fragments of the cockpit canopy can become embedded in exposed soft tissue – the neck is particularly vulnerable – while in more severe cases, aircraft parts or missile shrapnel can cause penetrating trauma to the liver, lungs and other structures, requiring emergency surgery.

If the parachute deploys successfully, the opening shock – the sudden deceleration as the canopy fills – can itself break ribs and dislocate shoulders, as well as cause injuries to the perineum (the area between the legs) from the harness. Around 49% of injuries in parachuting occur at landing, with the feet accounting for one-third of all injuries.

For those who land in trees rather than on the ground, the danger does not end there. Being suspended in a harness for any length of time carries the risk of suspension trauma – sometimes called “harness hang syndrome” – where blood collects in the legs and struggles to return to the heart and brain, leading to unconsciousness and, in some cases, death.

Recovery time for those who do come through it varies widely. Studies show that return to flying duties can take anywhere from one week to six months, depending on the severity of the injuries sustained.

Ejection remains far safer than attempting to survive a crash. For the six F-15E crew members recovering in Kuwait, surviving the ejection was only the first challenge.

Karl Durrant, WB’s Senior Vice President of Worldwide Retail said: “Harry Potter is deeply rooted in British storytelling, and this will give fans an exciting new way to experience this magical world in the city that features so prominently in the stories. Offering a completely new retail experience for Harry Potter fans which will delight and entertain, it’s going to be very special.”

Flashing light can do more than illuminate a room. Delivered at specific rhythms and viewed through closed eyelids, it can produce vivid visual hallucinations, geometric patterns, bursts of colour and sometimes even full scenes in people with no underlying illness and no use of drugs.

These experiences are known as stroboscopic hallucinations. They offer a window into how the brain constructs perception and how conscious experience shifts when the signals reaching the visual system are altered.

Eyelids are not a blackout curtain. Even with eyes closed, light can pass through and reach the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. If that light flashes at particular rates, it can nudge brain rhythms into the same timing as the light, so the brain’s natural electrical activity begins to synchronise with the external flicker.

This becomes especially pronounced when the flashing frequency overlaps with the brain’s resting rhythms, roughly eight to 12 hertz, or eight to 12 flashes per second. In this “sweet spot”, large groups of brain cells fire in sync, and that coordinated activity spreads across visual areas at the back of the brain.

The brain then interprets these patterns as meaningful experience. When the signal is strong and structured enough, perception can emerge even without an external scene.

Often, people see simple hallucinations: geometric patterns, kaleidoscopic colour shifts, spirals, lattices, tunnels or cobweb-like grids. These have been documented for well over a century and appear consistently across many people. Because they arise from the visual system itself, similar shapes also appear in psychedelic drug experiences, migraine aura, sleep-related states and certain neurological or visual conditions.

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Sometimes people report more complex hallucinations with recognisable content such as objects, places or landscapes. In these cases, the brain appears to impose familiar meaning on an unusually powerful visual signal, organising abstract input into something coherent.

From a neuroscience perspective, this is what makes these experiences useful. Hallucinations reveal how the visual brain constructs reality and what happens when the balance between sensory input and internal expectations shifts. Vision is not a passive recording process. The brain continuously interprets, fills in and predicts. Hallucinations show what perception can look like when those internal processes temporarily dominate.

A brief history

Stroboscopic hallucinations have been described scientifically since at least 1819, when the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně reported patterned visuals induced by candlelight flickering through moving fingers held in front of closed eyes.

In the 1960s, the phenomenon entered popular culture through the “Dreamachine”, created by artist Brion Gysin and mathematician Ian Sommerville. A lightbulb inside a rotating cardboard cylinder cut with shapes produced flicker rates that reliably induced hallucinatory imagery in people sitting with closed eyes. Gysin imagined it replacing television, with people gathering to generate inner imagery rather than watch programmes. That never happened, but it captured how immersive these experiences can be.

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In 2022, I was involved as a scientific adviser in a large-scale modern reimagining of the Dreamachine as part of Unboxed: Creativity in the UK, a UK-wide public arts and science festival. The installation used stroboscopic technology, immersive sound and carefully designed sessions to create a structured public experience.

More than 40,000 people took part. Many drew what they had seen afterwards, generating over 10,000 images. That created an unusual scientific opportunity. Laboratory studies of hallucinations typically involve small samples. Here, we had thousands of visual reports.

Working with colleagues, we used machine learning tools to group the drawings by shared visual features such as symmetry, repetition and curved shapes. This allowed us to identify familiar pattern types already described in scientific research, as well as a wider range of geometric forms that have received less attention.

People’s inner visuals are not random. Similar patterns appear again and again across different people, suggesting they reflect shared features of how the human visual system is organised.

Therapeutic

Following reports of improved wellbeing after Dreamachine sessions, we began investigating whether controlled stroboscopic stimulation might have therapeutic potential, including for depression. Research on psychedelic-assisted therapy, where substances such as psilocybin are used in carefully supervised clinical sessions with psychological support, suggests that aspects of the experience itself, such as feelings of awe or shifts in self-perception, can predict later clinical improvement.

Because stroboscopic stimulation can induce some of these features without medication, it raises the possibility of a more accessible approach.

I am currently involved in a study exploring whether this kind of stimulation can be used safely in people with depression. Initial findings are encouraging, but the research is still at an early stage and focused on safety rather than effectiveness.

Stroboscopic stimulation is also being explored in other areas. In Alzheimer’s disease, for example, researchers are investigating whether synchronising brain activity at specific frequencies might influence processes linked to the disease. Clinical trials are under way, though the field is still developing.

The main medical risk associated with strobe exposure is a photosensitive epileptic seizure. Only a small proportion of people with epilepsy are photosensitive, but the risk is not zero. Responsible research groups and public installations screen participants and use established safety procedures.

Some people may experience milder effects, including headaches or discomfort, particularly if they are sensitive to bright light. A small number report little or no visual effect at all.

The broader scientific interest lies in what these experiences reveal about conscious perception. How the brain produces a unified experience of the world remains one of neuroscience’s most challenging questions. By studying simpler visual components such as colour, symmetry and movement, researchers can begin to unpack how experience arises.

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Altering visual input in a controlled way allows us to observe how the mind constructs reality. That helps us understand not just hallucinations, but normal conscious experience itself.

Strange Health is hosted by Katie Edwards and Dan Baumgardt. The executive producer is Gemma Ware, with video and sound editing for this episode by Anouk Millet. Artwork by Alice Mason.

Listen to Strange Health via any of the apps listed above, download it directly via our RSS feed or find out how else to listen here. A transcript is available via the Apple Podcasts or Spotify apps.

Hannah Spencer’s win in the Gorton and Denton parliamentary byelection was a momentous victory for the Green party. The party’s first-ever byelection win overturned a large Labour majority and put the general election winners into third place, behind Reform UK.

The Greens are eager to position it as a sign of things to come, particularly in the May elections. Here’s what voter trends in Gorton and Denton can tell us about what’s to come.

Voters continue to turn away from the two main parties

Voters are looking for alternatives to the two main parties. Labour’s vote share halved in Gorton and Denton compared to the general election. With a much smaller 2024 base to start from, the Conservatives went from nearly 8% of votes to fewer than 2%, losing their deposit.

This follows a trend we’re seeing at almost every election, regardless of type or location. In the 2025 local elections, fewer than 40% of incumbents from the two main parties held their seats – a figure that had previously never been below 70%. In council byelections, both Reform and the Greens are fielding candidates in more areas, and taking both vote share and seats from the Conservatives and Labour. Labour and the Conservatives are the only two parties with fewer MPs than they started this parliament with.

Voters deciding late

Constituency opinion polls in the run-up to byelection day showed Labour, Reform and the Greens neck and neck.

But a more striking feature of these polls was how many voters had not yet made up their minds. Even in the final week, an Omnisis poll found that 31% of people who said they would vote were still undecided, more than the reported support for Labour (18%), the Greens (22%) or Reform (20%).

This is an unusually high level of uncertainty so late in a campaign. In normal elections, the rate of undecided voters is typically lower by the eve of polling day. Here, nearly a third of voters were still making up their minds. This compares to 12% two days before the general election, which was itself considered high.

Late-deciding women may have swayed the outcome

High numbers of undecideds may partially explain the late swing to the Greens. We know that women are more likely than men to respond “don’t know” to vote intention questions and to decide later in the campaign. At the same time, there is a gender gap in party support: Reform performs better among men, while the Greens tend to perform better among women, particularly among younger voters.

Levels of undecidedness between men and women differed, with 18% of men reporting they were undecided relative to 36% of women in the Omnisis poll. There were also more men than women, by ten percentage points, saying they would not vote. If those undecided women were less inclined to support Reform and more open to supporting the Greens, then late-deciding voters may well have tipped the balance.

Undecided women are less likely to think that any party represents their policy priorities well. This is particularly unlikely to have played out well for Reform – the party has expressed support for taxing women without children more and repealing the Equality Act.

This contest is a reminder that women voters may prove decisive when large numbers of people are still making up their minds. With the next general election still some way off, and current levels of undecidedness in the electorate high, this is something parties would do well to keep in mind.

Turnout doesn’t always fall

This byelection was the second in the past six months where voters have turned out in higher-than-expected numbers. The Caerphilly Senedd byelection in October 2025 also saw unusually high turnout of 50.4%, a 6.1 point increase on the 2021 Senedd election.

Ahead of election day in Caerphilly, polls had Reform on 42% (up from 1.7% in 2021), Plaid Cymru on 38% (up from 28.4%), and Labour on 12% (down from 46% in 2021). On election day itself, Plaid took the seat from Labour with 47.4% of the vote, to Reform’s 36%, with Labour falling to third place on 11% of the vote.

In Gorton and Denton, the 2024 general election turnout was the 32nd-lowest across the country, at just 47.8% But it fell only 0.3% at this byelection. Taken together, these two contests suggest we may be seeing the beginnings of an electoral trend.

In both cases, voters opted for a party positioned to Labour’s left as the most credible option for stopping Reform. With Reform’s overwhelming success in the local elections in England last year and continued strong headline polling figures, it is possible that we are beginning to see an anti-Reform mobilisation effect. Rather than staying home, voters on the left may be turning out in greater numbers than we would otherwise expect, to back whichever party is best placed locally to prevent a Reform win.

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What does this mean for the future?

The Labour government has responded to their decline in national opinion polls by positioning themselves against Reform in key areas such as immigration. Yet, with evidence that British politics is developing left v right bloc-style voting, Labour might be unwise to ignore the threat from its own side of the ideological spectrum.

We already saw early signs of this in the 2024 general election itself, when some of Labour’s largest drops in support came in progressive, urban constituencies where the Greens also increased their support.

Some in the party have already taken this lesson from Gorton and Denton, while others, including the prime minister, are counting on the Greens not having the same campaigning resources for general elections.

If women who are answering “don’t know” to polls follow the Gorton and Denton trend, they may be leaning more towards Green than the headline vote intention figures suggest. This should be ringing alarm bells for Labour. The Greens came second in 40 seats at the 2024 general election – all of those were seats Labour won.

Moreover, if Reform are motivating both their supporters and their opposition to the polls, the Greens may be rising as Labour’s alternative on the Left. This was one seat with its own context, so it’s difficult to apply nationally. But we could see a scenario in May where both Reform and the Greens combined overtake the Conservatives and Labour.