This roundup of The Conversation’s environment coverage was first published in our award-winning weekly climate action newsletter, Imagine.

Every scalable solution has to start somewhere small. With a spark of an idea, an anomaly during an experiment or, perhaps, an empty seashell on an Irish beach.

Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco at Trinity College Dublin has found a clever use for discarded oyster shells – a byproduct of the shellfish industry. Remarkably, these shells can capture rare earth elements from water and lock them into new minerals. Rare earth elements are an essential ingredient for the green transition – they are used to make high-performance magnets used in wind turbines and electric cars, for example. So capturing these “vitamins of modern industry” by crystallising them into the calcium carbonate of the shell (rather than just sticking or adsorbing to it) is a reliable way to recover these valuable resources for future use.

Of course, this tech is in its infancy but it just goes to show, there are so many hidden surprises within nature that might, on the surface, look like worthless waste.

The Conversation is made up of a dozen English-speaking editions plus various non-English ones, including French, Spanish and Indonesian. One of the most joyful parts of my job is coordinating regular meetings for the environment editors at each edition to share ideas, develop collaborations and support each other.

Together, we cover the planet’s biggest story – the climate crisis. This beat can sometimes feel relentless. But uncovering scientific discoveries, breakthroughs and insights from academics all over the world gives me hope. Here, my global colleagues share some of their favourite – and most promising – stories from recent weeks.

Knowing what actually works

Some climate policies really do make a difference. Now, we know which ones says Lucía Caballero, Environment and Energy Editor at The Conversation Spain.

Governments deploy dozens of different policies simultaneously, such as carbon taxes, renewable energy subsidies and emissions standards, but which ones are the most effective? Evaluating and comparing the results of climate strategies actually presents a major challenge for researchers and policymakers.

After analysing 1,737 climate policies across 40 countries over 32 years, scientists at the universities of Barcelona, Ludwig Maximilian of Munich, Lausanne and Oslo, have identified 28 measures that consistently reduce emissions. Their discovery will enable governments to focus on really effective strategies and avoid wasting resources, making climate action more successful.

À lire aussi :
Which climate policies actually make a difference? Our new analysis has the answer

Securing water supplies

In the western US, seven states rely on water from the mighty Colorado River, but a long-running drought and rising water demand have left reservoirs near record lows and cities’ water supplies at risk. Cities have been scrambling to lower their water use and finding creative solutions to encourage residents to make cuts, from low-flow shower heads to tearing out lawns and replacing them with xeriscaping (an approach to gardening and landscaping that reduces the need for irrigation). Las Vegas, a fast-growing city in the desert, has cut its per-capita water use by nearly 60% in the past two decades with steps like those. But as temperatures rise and the snowpack that feeds the river diminishes, we’ve wondered, can conservation alone be enough?

Environmental scientists Renee Obringer of Penn State and Dave White of Arizona State University recently ran computer models to understand what three cities – Las Vegas, Phoenix and Denver – will face in the future and how each city’s climate solutions for a dwindling water supply will hold up.

Stacy Morford, Senior Environment, Climate and Energy Editor at The Conversation US, says these results are eye-opening. This research suggests the region needs to start thinking beyond just conservation to much bigger solutions, the kind that Obringer and White describe that take years to build.

Anna Weekes, Environment and Energy Editor at The Conversation Africa, particularly loved a story highlighting another innovative way to tackle drying up water supplies. This time in South Africa’s dry Karoo desert.

Groundwater pumped from boreholes is the only water supply for many small towns. But as the climate warms and rain falls later in the year, aquifers aren’t replenishing enough to meet the demand for water. Surina Esterhuyse, Fanus Fourie and Danita Hohne are hydrologists and groundwater scientists who’ve designed and built low-cost aquifer recharge systems, drilling infiltration boreholes through hardened clay in dry river beds so that when it finally rains, the war goes straight into the aquifer instead of flowing away across the surface.

In the rural Karoo towns of Carnarvon, Vanwyksvlei, Williston, Sutherland and Calvinia, these recharge systems have been a huge success. They’re affordable and easy to implement at a small scale and offer a practical, scalable way to strengthen drought resilience and secure water supplies for vulnerable communities.

Buds, butterflies and bees

Gabrielle Maréchaux, Environment and Energy Journalist at The Conversation France loves a story about a free smartphone app called PlantNet. This “shazam” for plants, which is available on both iOS and Android, covers 85,000 species out of an estimated 400,000.

It’s popular among hikers and botanical enthusiasts. But what’s less well known is that it was developed by scientists and also helps with research by tracking abundance and locations of particular flowers, fruit, twigs and bark. It’s also a vital tool for monitoring the spread of invasive or “alien” non-native species that can disrupt ecosystems.

Meanwhile, butterflies, with their captivating patterns and colours, don’t always receive the attention they deserve, according to Ibrahim Daair, Environment and Energy Editor at The Conversation Canada. They are a fundamental part of global ecosystems, but insects have been declining at alarming rates in many places. Now, a group of researchers is working on developing a global butterfly index to track how environmental changes are affecting butterflies worldwide. They assembled a dataset of 45,000 population trends for over 1,000 butterfly species to help guide conservation and better understand the scale of the biodiversity crisis.

Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 47,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.

In 2015, a mining dam in Mariana, in Minas Gerais state, collapsed and released about 55 million cubic meters of toxic waste – crushed rock, water and chemicals left after extracting iron – sending a massive, polluted mudflow downstream. At the time, it was the largest human-made environmental disaster in Brazil. After observing the devastated landscape, Sandra Moura, a professor at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, discovered a plant capable of accelerating the recovery process in the areas affected by the disaster.

But simply recovering the landscapes was not enough, and the professor decided to create a project to assist the affected communities by using beekeeping as a reforestation and income-generating strategy.

This story is featured in one of the episodes of the podcast Voices from the South produced by The Conversation Brazil, about solutions to the environmental problems facing Brazil and Australia.

While visiting the project’s apiary, Luciana Julião, Journalist and Audiovisual Producer at The Conversation Brazil, met incredible people, all with very diverse specialisms, who are working together in the search for possible ways to save the planet.

The coolest library on Earth

And finally, Sarah Sermondadaz, Head of Environment and Energy at The Conversation France, loved learning about first ice core library in Antarctica, designed to preserve humanity’s “climate memory”. With an average temperature of -50°C, Antarctica’s first-ever 100% natural sanctuary protects endangered ice cores from global warming. On January 14 2026, the coolest library on Earth was inaugurated at the Concordia station, Antarctica. Samples from glaciers rescued worldwide are now beginning to be stored there for safekeeping.

Speaking after the vote, Councillor Mel Jacob, the deputy leader of Wiltshire Council, said: “We have a legal duty to protect listed buildings and conservation areas and when a concern is raised about unlawful works to a listed building we are required to investigate and, where necessary, take appropriate action.

Capcom continues its hot streak with Pragmata, delivering both a great sci-fi shooter and another impressive Nintendo Switch 2 port.

Between Resident Evil Requiem, Monster Hunter Stories 3, and Pragmata, Capcom is already having a banner year in 2026. We’re only four months deep as well, with Onimusha: Way Of The Sword also slated to arrive before the year wraps up.

But then Capcom has been on a hot streak for years – between the likes of Resident Evil 4 remake and Monster Hunter Wilds – and this extends to its support of the Nintendo Switch 2. The developer has released a string of impressive ports, including Street Fighter 6 and Resident Evil Requiem, which take an expected hit in the resolution department, but if you’re not a stickler for crisp hair physics, are surprisingly close to the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X versions.

The Switch 2 version of Pragmata easily joins these ranks. It has some rough edges, and Diana (the android girl that can hack other robots) looks like she’s been blasted through a car wash during close-up conversations, but it’s still a well optimised showcase of what Nintendo’s handheld can do.

In many ways, this port is more impressive because Pragmata is a faster-paced action game when compared to Resident Evil Requiem. In the heat of the firefights, where you’re oscillating between Diana’s hacking capabilities and Hugh’s arsenal of weapons, there are lots of flashy sci-fi effects, explosions, and multiple enemies on-screen at once.

Some of the extra detail is dialled down on Switch 2 – like smoke effects, for example – but this isn’t noticeable unless you’re actively looking for differences in comparison shots or videos.

These trade-offs keep the action running smoothly. Pragmata targets 60fps on Nintendo’s console, and while it doesn’t achieve this consistently (like other Capcom games, it has an unlocked frame rate), it rarely dips to a noticeable degree. It fares better in handheld mode thanks to the VRR (variable refresh rate) support, but even when docked the performance is surprisingly good considering how frenetic the action can be.

The most distracting and noticeable downgrade is Diana herself. There’s an uncanny valley element to the android infant on other platforms, but on the Switch 2 the details have been reduced to a less believable degree. Her static, clumpier hair when bounding around is the biggest giveaway, but during close-up conversations in the Shelter hub area, it can feel like you’re talking to a smudged doll who hasn’t been synchronised properly.

These visual qualms are more noticeable in handheld mode, where everything does have a blurrier effect when compared to the PlayStation 5 version, but it is still impressive how much detail it still maintains in the surroundings. Playing the second area, set in a 3D printed duplicate of New York’s Times Square, across both the PS5 Pro and Switch 2, it’s surprising how comparable the experiences are, minus the finer visual flourishes on Nintendo’s console

The negatives are a small price to pay, If you want to play Pragmata on the go. We’d definitely advise using a Pro Controller, though, as the Joy-Con controls can get finicky when you’re trying to cycle through weapons in the heat of a ruckus. The analogue sticks on the Joy-Cons don’t feel built to sustain frequent clicks either, which you’ll be doing fairly often to make Hugh run (there is a toggle in the options menu, so technically you don’t need to hold it down to sprint, but that feels weird).

There are some unfortunate omissions, though. One of the Switch 2’s most underused features, mouse controls, isn’t supported, which is a shame as it could have presented an intuitive way of dealing with the hacking minigame (or broken it entirely). There’s no toggle to lock the frame rate either, which would have been optimal for those who are more sensitive to frame rate dips.

If you’re looking for the best version of Pragmata, you’re better off sticking with PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X or PC, but the Switch 2 edition is a comparable and valid alternative which isn’t far removed from its more powerful cousins. When positioned next to Capcom’s existing ports, and other current gen titles like Star Wars Outlaws, it’s another sign that the era of mangled, heavily compromised Switch ports appears to be over. Well, not counting Overwatch anyway.

Formats: PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch 2, and PC
Price: £49.99
Publisher: Capcom
Developer: Capcom
Release Date: 17th April 2026
Age Rating: 16

Email gamecentral@metro.co.uk, leave a comment below, follow us on Twitter.

To submit Inbox letters and Reader’s Features more easily, without the need to send an email, just use our Submit Stuff page here.

For more stories like this, check our Gaming page.

MORE: Metro 2039 reveal trailer is a grimly defiant response to the Russia-Ukraine war

MORE: Street Fighter movie trailer highlights the problem with being too authentic

MORE: Live service games are in decline as gamers crave more traditional gaming

Chairman Dave Sullivan echoed the opinions of Planning Board members by saying that none of them were “comfortable” with the new plans, lamenting the loss of affordable housing as well as the removal of the reviews. However, the committee approved the plans as the project would help address the borough’s housing needs.

The York Inset Scooter Club will host its Mods and Rockers run on Sunday, April 26, beginning at 10.30am from the Eye of York.

Riders will travel through the Howardian Hills, finishing at The Mended Drum pub in Huby.

Recommended reading:

The ride is also known as the John Martin Memorial Ride, in honour of one of the original members of the club who died in 2010.

Committee member Nick Beilby said: “John was known as Vespa John as he rode a Vespa scooter and was known for his ready smile and friendly nature.

“A popular member, much missed, and the ride keeps his memory alive.”

Scooter and motorbike riders are both welcome to take part, with each rider asked to donate £5 to Yorkshire and Scarborough Hospitals Charity.

Last year’s event raised nearly £1,000 for the cause.

More information can be found via The York Inset Scooter Club social media pages.

The Lord Mayor of York, Martin Rowley, will officially start the ride, along with Normandy D-Day veteran and club president Ken Cooke.

Marshals help guide riders through each stage of the route, which passes Strensall Camp and Foston before looping back to Huby.

Engineering work between Preston and Lancaster on the West Coast Main Line will mean line closures between Preston and Carlisle from April 17 to 19.

Avanti West Coast has confirmed that no trains will run between Preston and Glasgow Central or Edinburgh on the normal West Coast Main Line route during the works.

One train per hour will operate between London Euston and Preston via Nuneaton.

Northern services will also be impacted, with trains between Barrow-in-Furness and Manchester Airport running only as far as Lancaster on April 18, and between Windermere and Manchester Piccadilly only as far as Oxenholme Lake District or Lancaster.

Rail replacement buses will operate between Preston and Lancaster throughout the works.

On April 19, rail replacement services will also operate between Grange-over-Sands and Lancaster, Heysham Port/Morecambe and Lancaster, and Windermere and Oxenholme Lake District.

No Avanti West Coast services will run between Preston and Carlisle on Saturday or Sunday.

Services between London Euston and Manchester Piccadilly or Liverpool Lime Street will not be impacted and will operate as normal.

READ MORE:

Passengers are encouraged to check their journey before travelling and allow extra time where rail replacement transport is in use.

A spokesperson for Avanti West Coast said: “To help you complete your journey between Preston and Glasgow Central, Avanti West Coast are operating rail replacement buses on various routes.

“Please note that you may also need to use buses provided by other operators to complete your journey.”

NEW YORK (AP) — The worrisome rise in colorectal cancer deaths in younger adults is concentrated in people with less education, suggesting socioeconomic factors could be driving the escalation, according to a new study.

Celebrity deaths — including Chadwick Boseman in 2020 and James Van Der Beek earlier this year — have highlighted the increase in colorectal cancer deaths among younger adults, but the new paper was called the first to parse which people are most affected by the alarming rise.

The researchers found that over the last 30 years, the rise in colorectal cancer deaths in young adults occurred almost entirely among people without a four-year college degree.

Of course, getting a college degree doesn’t protect you from getting colon cancer. Rather, experts say it’s a marker for other issues: People without degrees tend to earn less money, have poorer diets, exercise less and get less medical care.

It’s not totally unexpected that the death risk is concentrated in the less advantaged, but the paper published Thursday in JAMA Oncology is the first national study to actually show the connection, said Dr. Paolo Boffetta, a researcher at Stony Brook Cancer Center in New York who wasn’t involved in the work.

American Cancer Society researchers used government data on more than 101,000 younger adults, ages 25 to 49, who died of colorectal cancer from 1994 through 2023.

Overall, the colorectal cancer death rate rose from about 3 per 100,000 in that age group to about 4 per 100,000. But for people who only made it through high school, the rate rose from 4 to 5.2 per 100,000, while the rate for people with at least a bachelor’s degrees did not change from 2.7 per 100,000.

Ahmedin Jemal, the study’s first author, said the findings underscore the need for public awareness about colorectal cancer and for younger adults to heed screening recommendations. Symptoms can include blood in stool or rectal bleeding; changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation or narrowing of stool that lasts more than a few days; unintended weight loss; and cramps or abdominal pain.

The American Cancer Society estimates that more than 158,000 cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. this year. Overall, it’s the nation’s second leading cancer killer, behind lung cancer, and is expected to claim more than 55,000 in 2026.

The number of deaths for adults younger than 50 is around 7% of the total — about 3,900. Earlier this year, cancer society researchers reported that colorectal cancer mortality in Americans under 50 had increased by 1.1% a year since 2005, making it now the deadliest cancer in that age group.

Scientists don’t know what’s behind that increase. But they note risk factors include obesity, lack of physical activity, a diet high in red or processed meat and low in fruits and vegetables, and a family history of colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society changed its screening guidelines in 2021, lowering the age U.S. adults should start getting screened from 50 to 45.

Why did the researchers behind Thursday’s study look at education level and not other factors?

Death certificates don’t detail how much money a person had, or most other aspects of their life. But they do note how much schooling someone completed. And other research has found that data often aligns with statistics about income, health insurance, physical activity and chronic disease. So education serves as a proxy, but can’t speak to other factors, like whether the person had health insurance.

“The focus on education is really (due to) something which was available in the data,” Boffetta observed.

___

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

Other winners on the night included Donovan Haffner, who won breakthrough act of the year, Omar, who won soul act of the year, Joe Webb, who was given instrumentalist of the year, Yazmin Lacey, who won vocalist of the year, and Emma-Jean Thackray, who picked up the innovation award.

Named Chip and Dale, the large semiaquatic rodents travelled from the Gaia Zoo in the Netherlands and are now settling into their new home in the park’s Amazonas Reserve.

Born on the June 9 last year, the young capybaras have already made a positive impression on animal rangers with their “laid back attitude” and adjusted so well to their new environment that they were allowed outside just days after arriving.

Dr Charlotte MacDonald, Director of Animals, said: “We are delighted to welcome Chip and Dale to the park.

“They have settled in well after their long journey.

“We let them outside and they had a good look around before heading straight back into their house.

“Capybaras are very sociable animals, and we are sure that they will be very popular amongst visitors.

“The Amazonas reserve transports visitors to the Amazon rainforest and is home to some incredible South American species.

“The capybaras will live amongst our monkeys – golden lion tamarins, silvery marmosets, red titi monkeys and other South American rodents, the Mara and agouti.”

The reserve offers a walk-through experience, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the habitat and observe the animals up close as they move freely around the space.

Capybaras are the world’s largest rodents, closely related to guinea pigs, and are known for their highly social nature.

They spend much of their time in water, using their partially webbed feet to swim and submerging for up to five minutes at a time.

They often hide underwater to evade predators and can sleep while submerged, keeping only their nostrils above the surface to breathe.

Yorkshire Wildlife Park, on the outskirts of Doncaster is home to a range of rare and endangered animals, including Amur tigers, giraffes, black rhinos, and polar bears.

The park’s broader resort includes the Hex Wildlife Hotel and the Yorkshire Hive, a nearby complex offering shopping, dining, and entertainment options for visitors.