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Polanski: Burnham ‘negligent’ over refusal to call COBRA meeting

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Separate images of Zack Polanski of the Green Party, Andy Burnham of the Labour Party, and a field with dead, brown grass in the background due to the droughts in the UK

Separate images of Zack Polanski of the Green Party, Andy Burnham of the Labour Party, and a field with dead, brown grass in the background due to the droughts in the UK

Green Party leader, Zack Polanski, has called out the government’s “gross negligence” on X over plans to press ahead with more oil and gas drilling in the North Sea.

In 2026, the UK has experienced record-breaking temperatures and droughts. These weather conditions have resulted in water shortages, wildfires and crop failures. Given this, you’d expect Andy Burnham to have prioritised the matter. Instead, he’s given a thumbs up for more oil drilling and gone on holiday.

Polanski unhappy with government’s inaction

The Sky News piece Polanski is responding to opens:

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For all the talk of immigration and prisoner releases ending Andy Burnham’s honeymoon, there’s another row looming for the new prime minister.

Climate conscious Labour MPs are concerned there is a lack of urgency from the government as the UK battles extreme heatwaves, drought and wildfires.

While being reluctant to outwardly criticise their new boss, three backbenchers told Sky News this could spill into a “revolt” if he presses ahead with more oil and gas drilling in the North Sea.

At this point, it’s becoming very difficult for people to deny that something unprecedented is happening with the climate.

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People around the country are facing extreme localised impacts, whether it be water shortages, wildfires or crop failures.

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Given all this, it’s no wonder people, including Polanski, are demanding that Burnham afford this issue the respect it deserves.

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Climate change is a global emergency

If it feels like climate change has sped up recently, that’s not your brain tricking you; it has.

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The Gizmodo piece reported:

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It’s been a particularly apocalyptic summer. Relentless, record-shattering heatwaves, untamable wildfires, and deadly floods are just some of the disasters that have made global headlines in the past few months. In a warming world, these extreme events are beginning to feel commonplace. But according to a staggering analysis, it’s probably going to get much worse very soon.

Reportedly, research shows “with 98% statistical certainty” that the pace of global warming sped up in the past decade. Even worse, it hasn’t just accelerated; it’s continuing to accelerate. While we don’t fully understand why, it seems unlikely that burning more fossil fuels will improve the situation.

You can see this extreme new trend in the data:

While the climate has undergone extreme changes in the distant past, the important thing to remember is that we weren’t around to suffer such conditions. The same is not true today, obviously, as Dr JJ González Alemán noted:

Because the key detail lies in the scale. The last ~100 thousand to 2 million years—the glacial cycles—mark the temperature band within which the world as we know it has existed. And now we’re starting to step out of that band from above; if the trend holds, we’ll clearly exceed it.

And here’s what really matters: it took just ~10 thousand years of exceptionally stable climate—the Holocene—to build our entire way of organizing ourselves: agriculture, cities, the whole civilization. A blink on the graph.

Everything we are was built within that narrow and stable margin. And it’s exactly that margin we’re abandoning.

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‘Unprecedented’

Last month, the Canary’s Grace wrote about the human cost of the changing weather:

The heatwaves in the UK over May and June are estimated to have caused over 2,700 excess deaths. Around 42% of those deaths are thought to be a consequence of climate change, which increased maximum temperatures by 3-4°C.

The UK is now bracing itself for a fifth heatwave. As commenter Ben Smoke wrote, we’re heading for a future in which this sort of extreme weather may be the baseline, not the extreme:

This problem will require far more than a COBRA meeting to solve it. At the same time, it would be reassuring to see the government acknowledge the reality of what we’re facing.

Featured image via Getty/ Reuters/ Grant Falvey

By Willem Moore

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Bel Powley Defends Harry Potter Casting Despite JK Rowling Backlash

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Bel Powley Defends Harry Potter Casting Despite JK Rowling Backlash

Harry Potter star Bel Powley has defended accepting a role in the new TV adaptation of the books, despite the controversy surrounding the franchise’s creator JK Rowling.

The former The Morning Show star is set to appear as Aunt Petunia in the new Harry Potter TV series, the first instalment of which is set to premiere on Sky, Now and HBO Max in the UK later this year.

Powley and many more of her co-stars have faced backlash for choosing to be involved in the show, despite Rowling becoming an increasingly divisive figure due to her stance on issues relating to the transgender community.

This has included deliberately and repeatedly misgendering transgender public figures, as well as donating tens of thousands of pounds to the campaign group which raised the initial legal challenge that led to the UK Supreme Court’s ruling last year that the legal definition of a woman should include only those who were assigned female at birth (and sharing a celebratory post of herself smoking cigar once the Supreme Court’s decision was reached).

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Asked about this controversy during a new interview with The Telegraph, Powley began by making it clear that she “strongly’ disagrees “with JK Rowling’s views on gender”.

“I think that the trans community deserve safety and dignity and respect and total acceptance,” she continued

“But,” she added, apparently throwing up her palms. “I love Harry Potter. I grew up with the books. I am from that first generation of readers and, again, I love magic and spookiness.”

John Lithgow admitted earlier this year that he had considered quitting the Harry Potter series – in which he’s set to star as Hogwarts professor Albus Dumbledore – when he began to face criticism over his involvement, but ultimately decided to remain a part of it.

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Nick Frost, the new Rubeus Hagrid, also maintained that his and Rowling’s views on trans issuesdon’t align in any way, shape or form”.

Meanwhile, Paapa Essiedu, the successor to the late Alan Rickman in the role of Snape, raised eyebrows when he co-signed a petition in solidarity with the transgender community, despite his participation in the new Harry Potter series, on which Rowling serves as an executive producer.

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Justice Smith Reacts To Heated Rivalry Season 2 News As Author Defends Casting

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Connor Storrie as Ilya Rozanov and Hudson Williams as Shane Hollander in the first season of Heated Rivalry

Heated Rivalry newcomer Justice Smith has responded to the outpouring of “love and support” he’s received from the show’s fans since it was announced that he’d be joining the cast.

Over the weekend, it was confirmed that Justice and Charlie Gillespie would be joining the TV phenomenon in its long-awaited second season as Harris Drover and Troy Barrett, a new couple sharing the screen with Shane and Ilya (played by Hudson Williams and Connor Storrie).

Posting on Instagram on Sunday, the Detective Pikachu star wrote: “I have to say I am moved by the support and love I’m getting from fans in my DMs, fans who have welcomed me with open arms and who already feel a responsibility to protect me.”

The I Saw The TV Glow actor added: “I am honoured to play a character you all care about deeply, and I promise I will take good care of him if you give me the chance.

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“I am beyond excited for this experience.”

Connor Storrie as Ilya Rozanov and Hudson Williams as Shane Hollander in the first season of Heated Rivalry
Connor Storrie as Ilya Rozanov and Hudson Williams as Shane Hollander in the first season of Heated Rivalry

Meanwhile, author Rachel Reid – who penned the original sports romance novels that inspired Heated Rivalry – has already jumped to Justice’s defence, after some fans took issue with Justice’s casting, based on the fact that his character is described in the original novel as being bigger in build than his teammates.

“Thinking about all the people last summer who told me the casting for Ilya and Shane was wrong and bad…” she posted on her Instagram story (per The Hollywood Reporter).

Showrunner Jacob Tierney and executive producer Brendan Brady also said in a statement announcing Justice and Charlie’s casting: “From the start of the casting process, we knew we were looking for actors who could create something truly special together and bring that same depth and heart to the screen.

“Justice and Charlie do exactly that. They immediately connected with the vulnerability and resilience at the core of these characters, bringing an instinctive understanding of who Harris and Troy are.”

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Heated Rivalry’s second season is due to begin filming this month, ahead of its release worldwide in 2027.

The production recently released a message addressed to “our incredible fans and everyone who’s been sharing in the excitement for the show”, which read: “Your support, enthusiasm, and kindness have meant the world to us. As we gear up for more Heated Rivalry, please help us in making it the best it can be.

“If you happen to come across one of our filming locations, please give our cast and crew the space they need to do what they do best. We promise it’ll be worth the wait!”

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Game Of Thrones: The Mad King Reviews Call London Play ‘Epic’

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Michael Shaeffer on the Iron Throne as King Aerys Il Targaryen in the Game Of Thrones prequel play The Mad King

Based on George R R Martin’s books, the new play The Mad King serves as a direct prequel to the original award-winning fantasy drama, set around a decade before it begins, and featuring many of the same characters.

Its opening night took place over the weekend at London’s iconic Globe theatre, with performances scheduled for the next month – and for the most part, critics have been pretty taken with this latest addition to the Westeros universe.

The Mad King has received a smattering of four- and even five-star reviews, with critics praising the play’s production and dramatic tone.

Here’s a selection of what’s been said about Game Of Thrones: The Mad King so far…

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“This feels like a five-star production for most devoted throners but a three-star for those who haven’t seen the TV series. Thereby, to channel this show’s infectious tones, the Judging One has trod a path between those stellar prophecies.

“[An] epic theatrical experience […] The Royal Shakespeare Company’s stellar stage show has all the thrillingly staged battles, gory deaths and, yes, dragons that the most bloodthirsty fan could hope for. But there’s also a surprising amount of heart – of the warm, still-beating kind – as it lingers on the faces of its fallen.”

Michael Shaeffer on the Iron Throne as King Aerys Il Targaryen in the Game Of Thrones prequel play The Mad King
Michael Shaeffer on the Iron Throne as King Aerys Il Targaryen in the Game Of Thrones prequel play The Mad King

“A remarkable achievement, wonderfully directed by [Dominic] Cooke and superbly acted by every member of the 35-strong ensemble. The result is a brilliant exhibition of how theatre can create magic.

“It’s a clarion call for the power of imagination and skill in telling stories for the ages, making a room filled with others into an entire world.”

“There is a lot to please fans here, with throwaway lines foreshadowing things to come, and lore tidbits designed for dissection on those aforementioned Reddit threads. But there’s also a more universally appealing tale under the surface, of how we choose between love and duty, how the personal bleeds into the political, and how we cope when life doesn’t turn out the way we planned.

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“Sometimes The Mad King makes these points with all the subtlety of Robert’s warhammer, but it has the storytelling ambition to win over even the most diehard of dragon sceptics.”

“[Playwright Duncan] Macmillan and Cooke do a decent job of juggling the sizeable number of characters, and ensure the sprawling narrative is largely well-paced, with enough sub-plots and spectacle to keep both hardcore and lesser-engaged fans entertained.

“The cast’s performances are solid too, while the emergence of the iconic Iron Throne in Act II earns a scene-stealing cheer from the audience.”

“The RSC has pulled off a coup by unveiling a gripping prequel to Game of Thrones […] It’s not up there, yet, with the Harry Potter or Stranger Things prequels but, on balance, the Game Of Thrones franchise has yet another worthwhile and lucrative spin-off on its hands.”

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Game Of Thrones: The Mad King has been met with mostly positive reviews
Game Of Thrones: The Mad King has been met with mostly positive reviews

“As pure visual spectacle, this is great fun, with excellent oversized puppet horses and a red-eyed dragon, ceaseless grunting swordplay and, crucially, an interval.

“While The Mad King sometimes veers towards the risibly cod-historical, this is by no means a cynical exercise in fan-baiting, but rather a heartfelt addition to Martin’s canon.”

“If Dominic Cooke’s stolid production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre gives hardcore GoT fans a chance to go hunting for ‘Easter eggs’, it seldom comes close to matching the grim aura of the TV series […] there are more than enough GoT devotees to keep the box office ticking over for the rest of eternity, but only the most dedicated of them will have the energy for this marathon.”

Game Of Thrones: The Mad King is playing at London’s Globe Theatre until 5 September.

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Ricky Gervais Defends Alley Cats After Netflix Comedy’s Scathing Reviews

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Ricky Gervais Defends Alley Cats After Netflix Comedy's Scathing Reviews

The creator of The Office, Extras and After Life premiered his new animated series last week, depicting a group of foul-mouthed stray cats living on the streets of London.

Upon its release, Alley Cats was near-unanimously mauled by critics, many of whom branded it “smug” and needlessly “crude” in a smattering of one- and even zero-star reviews.

Ahead of its release on Friday morning, Ricky posted on X: “If you watch Alley Cats and you get offended at any point, just remember that 1, It’s just a cartoon about cats, and 2, you’re an adult, and can take it.”

He then spent the next few days reposting praise for the show, including one comment by the actor James Dreyfus, who lambasted “pronoun wankers” he claimed were “raging about Alley Cats”, which he described as “a brilliant new cartoon series” and “wickedly funny, very rude and unexpectedly moving” (it’s perhaps worth noting in this instance that even more right-leaning outlets, such as The Telegraph and GB News, were heavily critical of Alley Cats upon its return).

Eventually, once Alley Cats made it to the top spot on Netflix’s in-platform chart of most-watched shows, Ricky commented on Sunday morning: “Oh. My. God. I’ve never been so happy. Best fans in the fucking world.”

The following morning, he wrote: “Millions of you watched Alley Cats last night and kept it at number one. That has annoyed a few people. You should be ashamed of yourselves.”

In an interview with The Times – which gave Alley Cats a more forgiving three-star review, but questioned whether some might find it to be “too much” – published ahead of Alley Cats’ release, Ricky also remarked: “I’m sure many people will find many things to be offended by – with some people it’s their job.”

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He added: “It doesn’t bother me, no. It’s inevitable and a bit boring now. But the funny thing is they’ll have to say, ‘I was offended by what a fictional cartoon cat said.’ I can’t wait for that.”

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UK Solar Eclipse And Meteor Shower: Where And When To Watch

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UK Solar Eclipse And Meteor Shower: Where And When To Watch

Solar eclipses happen about twice a year. Visible meteor showers, meanwhile, occur up to 30 times annually.

But it’s a lot less common for the events to happen together. Happily, UK stargazers have just that combination to look forward to in the next few days.

The BBC suggested the “main UK [sky gazing] event” of 2026 is likely to be the coming solar eclipse. And as it turns out, it’ll happen within the same 24-hour stretch as the Perseid meteor shower in what’s been termed a “cosmic double whammy”.

When will a solar eclipse coincide with a meteor shower in 2026?

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This is expected to happen on August 12, 2026.

The partial solar eclipse (90% of the sun will appear to be covered by the moon) will start at around 6:17pm London time (the exact minute will vary across the UK). The greatest coverage, meanwhile, will be seen at 7:12pm London time.

The eclipse will mark the greatest coverage of the sun seen in the UK since 1999.

The Perseid meteor shower, meanwhile, is expected to run from 17 July to 24 August.

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But it’s going to “peak” the night of 12-13 August – just hours after the amazing eclipse.

That means the greatest number of meteors are expected to fall on that night, leading to an unusually dazzling display.

How can I see the solar eclipse and meteor shower combination?

Just how covered the sun will appear to be in 2026′s eclipse depends on your location. Spain might be the best place to catch it, but the UK’s in a pretty great spot this year, too.

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Some particularly stunning views, with up to 90% coverage, are predicted in cities like:

  • Glasgow,
  • Belfast,
  • Manchester,
  • Liverpool,
  • Birmingham.

If you’re considering travelling abroad for the event, the Republic of Ireland will have even better odds. Cork is going to see 96% coverage, while Dublin will get an impressive 94%.

Please don’t look directly at the sun during a solar eclipse. That can damage your vision.

Instead, wear certified solar eclipse glasses. Or, you can tune into Royal Museum Greenwich’s live stream of the event, which runs from 6:15-7:30pm on 12 August (it’s free!).

As for the Perseid meteor shower, you won’t need special equipment to watch it – just patience, clear skies, and a lack of light pollution.

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The best, most “dramatic” views will probably come after midnight when the sky is darker.

Speaking to the Natural History Museum, planetary scientist Dr Ashley King said: “The darker the skies, the better your chances of seeing the really faint meteors as well… You could go to the coast or stand on a hill in the middle of the countryside somewhere.”

But don’t expect instant results, the expert continued.

“You might not be able to see anything for the first 10 minutes while your eyes adjust to the dark… Once you get used to the low light levels you’ll begin to notice more and more. So don’t give up too quickly.”

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‘Sudden Adult Death Syndrome’: Meaning, Cause, And Symptoms

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'Sudden Adult Death Syndrome': Meaning, Cause, And Symptoms

Until last week, I’d never heard of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS), sometimes called sudden adult death syndrome.

But the NHS suggests it’s the most common cause of death of under-35s in the UK. It’s believed to affect about 500 people annually in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

The fatal condition leads to an “unexpected” and “sudden” death.

Here, HuffPost UK spoke to Dr Dominic Greenyer, private GP at The Health Suite, about what SADS is, why it might happen, and some possible warning signs.

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What is SADS?

Despite its (less accurate, Dr Greenyer said) nickname, SADS is not confined to adults. It can affect children and young people too, the doctor explained.

The term is used when “someone dies suddenly and unexpectedly following a cardiac arrest, but a detailed post-mortem and toxicology investigation cannot identify a clear cause”.

“The heart may appear structurally normal, which can make these deaths particularly difficult for families to understand,” he added.

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What causes SADS?

Dr Greenyer told us that the problem can lie in the electrical action of the heart, rather than a structural issue (like a blood clot during a heart attack).

“An abnormal electrical rhythm can cause the heart to beat dangerously fast or erratically, preventing it from pumping blood effectively and resulting in cardiac arrest,” he said.

Genes may be a factor here, too.

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“Sometimes, [SADS] is linked to an undiagnosed inherited condition, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, known as CPVT. These conditions can be very difficult to detect because a person may look healthy, exercise regularly and have no known heart disease,” he shared.

“The most important risk factor is a family history of sudden, unexplained death, particularly at a young age. People should also seek medical advice if a close relative has been diagnosed with an inherited heart rhythm disorder or cardiomyopathy.”

Are there any warning signs of SADS?

The NHS writes that “fatal arrhythmia may be the first presentation” of the condition. In other words, tragically, it might prove deadly before it shows any other signs.

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But Dr Greenyer said there are some symptoms that you should get checked out if you experience them.

“Possible warning signs can include unexplained fainting, especially during exercise or emotional stress; recurrent palpitations; unusual dizziness or seizure-like episodes with no clear explanation,” he said, though the GP stressed that “most people experiencing occasional palpitations or dizziness will not have a dangerous inherited condition”.

Additionally, if you faint during exercise, develop chest pain or severe breathlessness while you’re active, or you have palpitations accompanied by fainting, you should be medically assessed by a doctor who can work out whether further scans and tests are needed.

“It is also important not to create the impression that exercise itself causes SADS,” said Dr Greenyer. “Regular physical activity is overwhelmingly beneficial for the heart. In a small number of people with an undiagnosed electrical condition, intense exercise or stress may act as a trigger, but the underlying condition is the real risk.”

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People whose family members have died from SADS may be offered specialist cardiac and genetic assessment, which allows them to receive monitoring and treatment if needed, he ended.

“SADS is frightening precisely because it can affect someone who appears fit and well. However, awareness of family history and taking unexplained symptoms seriously can help doctors identify some of those at increased risk before a catastrophic event occurs.”

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Madonna, All Saints And Blur Pay Tribute To William Orbit

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Madonna, All Saints And Blur Pay Tribute To William Orbit

Madonna has remembered her former collaborator William Orbit as a musical “genius”.

Over the weekend, the Queen of Pop paid tribute to the British musician and producer, with whom she most notably worked on her Grammy-winning album Ray Of Light in the mid-1990s.

“Goodbye William Orbit,” she wrote on Instagram, following the news of his death at the age of 69, alongside footage of them accepting one of their Grammys.

“I had an epiphany when I met you and started working with you. I realised that music did not have to fit into categories or genres. So we created our own.

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“You pressed a magic button inside of me and I fell into a galaxy of unrealised dreams. Your music gave me a magic carpet to fly on and I visited many places, sad and joyful. I sang in ways I’d never sung before. I used words without caring if they made sense or not.”

She recalled: “In many ways you were my Ray Of Light – as was my daughter Lola who was born around this time. I was starting a new chapter, I was choosing another road to walk down – and you were right by my side with your crooked teeth and your genius, way of hearing music.

“The studio was often church-like and I would sit in silence, waiting for your ideas to explode out of your keyboard or your guitar and then I would run with them…”

“I miss those days,” she admitted. “Only you could inspire me to write a song like Drowned World or Swim. You were so otherworldly. So singular.”

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Madonna continued: “The years passed and I moved on to make music with other people, but I have never forgotten you or the magical time we spent together.

“Goodbye Billy Bubbles. I was so lucky to have known you and fallen down the rabbit hole with you.”

William co-wrote co-produced some of Madonna’s biggest hits of the 90s and 2000s, including the UK number one singles Frozen and American Pie, as well as Ray Of Light, Nothing Really Matters, Drowned World/Substitute For Love, The Power Of Good-Bye and Beautiful Stranger.

He also released 12 of his own studio albums, including the UK number two Pieces In The Modern Style, in addition to his work with All Saints, Blur and Robbie Williams, among others.

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Since the news was confirmed last month that he’s died, many of the other singers and performers who worked with him in his lifetime have also been paying their respects on social media…

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Lebanon’s Politics of Appeasement and the Illusion of Lausanne, 1949

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Palestinian refugees fleeing Gaza in 1948

Palestinian refugees fleeing Gaza in 1948

Israel’s initial expectation of rapidly concluding a formal peace treaty with its northern neighbour in the immediate aftermath of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War proved entirely illusory.

The Failed Diplomacy of Lausanne

In April 1949, the United Nations established the Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP), sponsoring multilateral Arab-Israeli peace negotiations in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was at Lausanne that Israeli diplomats discovered a sobering strategic reality: Tel Aviv had yielded its military toehold on the Litani River during the armistice negotiations in return for virtually nothing.

The Israeli proposal submitted to the Lebanese delegation at Lausanne was stark in its simplicity, yet exceptionally rich in its geopolitical implications. Tel Aviv suggested that the Armistice Demarcation Line (ADL) agreed upon between the two countries be transformed via a bilateral peace treaty into an official, internationally recognised permanent boundary.

The newly established Jewish state was fully prepared to formally renounce the traditional Zionist territorial claim to southern Lebanon. In exchange, Israel demanded a simple, binding declaration of peace – an act that would carry profound regional ramifications.

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Firstly, it would signify Lebanon’s formal defection from the broader Arab coalition hostile to Israel. Secondly, it would establish a de facto strategic alliance between the Jewish and Catholic Christian minorities within the predominantly Muslim eastern Mediterranean coastal zone. Finally, it would pave the way for a cooperative, bilateral framework for the joint exploitation of southern Lebanon’s vital water resources. However, the allure of an official Israeli acknowledgment of Beirut’s territorial sovereignty over southern Lebanon proved to be an insufficient inducement for the Lebanese government.

Beirut’s counterproposals

Constrained by regional political dynamics and internal demographic realities, Lebanon submitted two uncompromising counterproposals.

First, Beirut demanded that the approximately 125,000 Palestinian Arab refugees who had fled from Palestine to Lebanon during the hostilities of 1948 be repatriated by Israel. Second, it insisted that the portion of Western Galilee set aside by the United Nations Partition Plan of 1947 for the proposed Arab state be ceded directly to Lebanon. The strategic logic behind the second condition was demographically driven: the vast majority of the refugees – roughly 90% of whom were Muslims – would be permanently settled within that annexed Palestinian territory. This would ensure that the narrow, fragile Christian political majority within Lebanon proper remained entirely preserved and unthreatened.

Predictably, Israel flatly rejected the Lebanese counterproposals, which, if accepted, would have expanded the borders of ‘southern Lebanon’ southward to incorporate the coastal city of Acre and the inland city of Nazareth. Consequently, the diplomatic proceedings at Lausanne dissolved without an agreement, and Lebanon settled into an official state policy of non-recognition towards Israel.

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The Dual Strategy of Beirut

Although obliged by sister Arab states and a significant segment of its own citizenry to maintain a rigid, uncompromising diplomatic stance towards Tel Aviv, the Lebanese government remained acutely sensitive to the harsh military realities of the frontier zone.

As had been the case during the 1948 war, Beirut sought from 1949 onwards to enjoy the best of both worlds. By forfeiting the opportunity to obtain official Israeli recognition of its jurisdiction over southern Lebanon, Beirut reaped a lucrative financial harvest from the broader Arab economic boycott of the Jewish state, positioning itself as a primary financial transit hub. Simultaneously, the Lebanese state took substantive, rigorous measures to ensure that Israel would be deprived of any legitimate pretext or justification for seizing Lebanese territory. Diplomatic obduracy on the international stage was systematically offset by a pragmatic policy of local cooperation along the frontier – a policy that, at times, bordered on complete submission to Israeli security demands.

Article VII of the General Armistice Agreement (GAA), signed by Israel and Lebanon in March 1949, had established the Israeli-Lebanese Mixed Armistice Commission (ILMAC) under United Nations supervision. ILMAC was authorised to maintain two operational headquarters: one at the Israeli frontier post just north of Metulla, and the other at the Lebanese border facility at Ras an-Naqurah. The explicit mandate of ILMAC was to enforce the provisions of the GAA on the basis of unanimous consent between both parties.

Initially, both sides shared compelling incentives to ensure ILMAC functioned efficiently. Lebanon wished to suppress all forms of border provocation that might trigger a reintroduction of Israeli armed forces into southern Lebanon. Israel, on the other hand, sought Lebanese assistance in preventing the clandestine return of displaced Arab refugees while it consolidated a dense chain of fortified Jewish settlements directly along the demarcation line.

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Redemarcation and Economic Disruption

In November 1949, ILMAC encountered its first severe operational test. The Lebanese government, alleging that armed cross-border raids were being launched from Israel against its southern villages, formally requested that ILMAC clearly demarcate the ADL on the ground. The explicit objective of this boundary-marking initiative was to put an end to recurring frontier incidents, thereby reducing the likelihood of a major Israeli military intervention.

Prior to the Lebanese request, the UNCCP at Lausanne had recommended that, where no competing territorial claims existed, Israel and its Arab neighbouring countries should move towards creating clearly defined boundaries. This suggestion focused immediate attention on the Lebanese-Israeli ADL because, notwithstanding historic Zionist interests in the Litani water basin, there were no active territorial disputes of a magnitude comparable to those existing between Israel and Syria, or Israel and Jordan. Nevertheless, Lebanon firmly rejected the concept of a formal, permanent boundary settlement, arguing that such an accord would imply legal recognition of the Zionist Jewish state.

Yet, Beirut desperately required the physical redemarcation of the ADL. Every time a Lebanese villager inadvertently strayed across the poorly marked boundary, the authorities in Beirut panicked, fearing a heavy-handed Israeli military retaliation. Lebanon had no intention of providing Israel with a casus belli to occupy southern territory, nor did it wish to grant the line permanent international legal status through a formal peace treaty. Disturbed by the border-crossing habits of its own rural populace, Lebanese officials essentially manufactured the narrative of Israeli raids to seize the diplomatic initiative and demand a clearer physical definition of the frontier.

Given that the original Anglo-French Boundary Commission of 1923 had published a detailed survey report, ILMAC’s technical task appeared straightforward: mark the line and erect warning notices for the local population. However, the 1923 boundary line had bisected land parcels belonging to single villages or individual families – a defect that had been successfully mitigated by the 1926 Good Neighbourly Relations Agreement. That earlier accord had institutionalised fluid cross-border movement, validating human interactions that predated the creation of modern Lebanon and Palestine.

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In stark contrast, the 1949 GAA was a military instrument enacted between hostile states, authorising both governments to prohibit civilians from crossing the ADL entirely. While Jewish settlers occupying abandoned Arab villages along the border had neither the desire nor the incentive to cross into Lebanon, Arab villagers in southern Lebanon operated under the assumption that they could continue grazing cattle or cultivating tobacco on their ancestral lands, even if those lands now sat on the ‘wrong’ side of an invisible line. Because Israel took extreme exception to these civilian incursions, Beirut concluded that the requirement for absolute quiet along the frontier far outweighed the property rights and economic livelihoods of its own border populace.

The Price of Local Appeasement

ILMAC established a technical subcommittee on 16 November 1949 to study the 1923 agreement and post physical warning markers along the ADL. The subcommittee concluded its work on 27 January 1951, leaving the boundary unfenced but clearly defined, save for a six-kilometre stretch where both sides maintained conflicting interpretations of the original Franco-British survey.

Although some Jewish-owned land plots in southern Lebanon were lost in the process, the primary victims were the Arab farmers of southern Lebanon. They were not only permanently cut off from their agricultural lands, but were also deprived of access to traditional labor markets and trade hubs on the Israeli side of the line. A vital economic safety valve was permanently destroyed – ironically facilitated by Beirut’s own diplomatic initiative.

This boundary-marking exercise was supplemented by joint Israeli-Lebanese police investigations designed to eliminate cross-border smuggling and theft. Minor disputes involving stray livestock or straying fishing vessels were expeditiously resolved by joint police patrols operating under ILMAC auspices. Crucially, Lebanese police actively assisted Israeli security forces in capturing and expelling back into Lebanon several hundred Palestinian refugees who had infiltrated Israel attempting to return to their former homes.

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According to Lieutenant-General E.L.M. Burns, Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) from August 1954 to November 1956, UNTSO experienced remarkably few operational difficulties regarding the Israel-Lebanon GAA. Burns noted that ILMAC functioned precisely as armistice commissions were intended to operate, meeting periodically and rarely dealing with major violations, with most complaints restricted to cattle grazing across the ADL.

However, Burns explicitly highlighted that the Lebanese authorities were obliged to go to extraordinary lengths to placate Israeli sensitivities. In 1955, following an incident in which several Israelis were killed by Arab infiltrators originating from Lebanese territory, alarmed Lebanese authorities acted swiftly. They forcibly removed all refugees and non-established residents from a zone extending ten kilometres deep into Lebanese territory along the border.

By rigorously accommodating Israeli security demands, Lebanon purchased nearly two decades of relative stability. Yet, this policy of localized appeasement would ultimately prove futile when regional geopolitical shifts dismantled the armistice framework entirely in 1967.

Featured image via Wikimedia

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By Mohammad Fakih

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Farage Accused Of Having ‘No Serious Answers’ To Prisons Crisis

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Farage Accused Of Having 'No Serious Answers' To Prisons Crisis

Nigel Farage has been accused of having “no serious answers” to the overcrowding prisons crisis.

The Reform UK leader has today announced a plan to free up space in jails in England and Wales by deporting all foreign offenders to “serve their sentences in countries like El Salvador and Kosovo”.

However, of the 10,000 foreign nationals in custody in England and Wales nearly a third are on remand – meaning they have not been convicted, and so would not be eligible for deportation under Reform’s plans.

During his press conference, Farage suggested his party was going on a trip to El Salvador for further discussions about renting prison spaces this year.

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Donald Trump previously struck a similar deal with the central American country to deport migrants from the US despite concerns about the prison conditions.

The right-wing party is proposing building “Nightingale prisons” in the UK to create 12,000 more prison spaces, too.

Farage’s proposals were completely rinsed by Labour, though.

A Labour spokesperson said: “Keeping the public safe is and always will be Labour’s first priority.

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“The government has already made clear we are working at pace to deport foreign criminals and we’re building more prison places to deliver justice for victims and keep criminals behind bars.

“Reform have no serious answers to the Tory prisons crisis and would lead the system to collapse.

“This would result in a free for all for dangerous and violent offenders, including murderers and rapists. Nigel Farage and Reform simply can’t be trusted to keep Britain safe.”

Prime minister Andy Burnham has been overseeing Labour’s early release scheme, which means thousands of inmates have been freed after serving only a third of their sentences.

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However, there has been significant backlash after it emerged that two of police office Andy Harper’s killers being freed.

More than 800,000 Brits signed a petition to stop their release.

Listen to Commons People, the podcast that makes politics easy. Every week, Kevin Schofield and Kate Nicholson unpack the week’s biggest stories to keep you informed. Join us for straightforward analysis of what’s going on at Westminster.

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Reform’s polling continues to nosedive

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Nigel Farage of Reform UK, a poll, and a big red arrow pointing downwards

Nigel Farage of Reform UK, a poll, and a big red arrow pointing downwards

In the past few months, Reform UK has lost a lot of its sheen with UK voters. This problem is worsening too, with Reform now regularly skulking in second place in UK polls.

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As we’ll get to, this isn’t even the worst poll position that Reform has held in the past week.

Reform’s polling will go lower

Earlier this month, commentator Dan Hodges expressed a theory on why Reform is suffering. The three factors he pointed to were:

  • The Burnham Bounce: “People being introduced to him for the first time tentatively like what they see”
  • The Starmer Anti-Bounce: “People expressing relief he’s gone”
  • The Farage Flounce: “Reform sleaze…is clearly cutting through negatively”

Hodges suggested that only the Farage Flounce was baked in. In other words, Prime Minister Andy Burnham will have to realise the sort of actual improvements which Starmer failed to deliver. While it’s certainly true Burnham is doing a lot of tinkering around the edges, the edges are now so far from the core that this may not achieve much in the long run.

As Hodges also noted, Farage’s sleaze problem is going to be harder to come back from. The lifecycle of a British politician usually involves a rise and a fall. The question is whether this current moment is a blip on Farage’s rise to becoming prime minister, or whether it’s the beginning of the end for him.

Popularity contest

As noted, the above poll isn’t even the worst that Reform has had; this is:

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Lord Ashcroft is far from the most well-respected pollster but his outfit did previously have Reform leading the pack. In other words, they are seeing movement among the voters they poll — the same as other pollsters. The following poll is also from Lord Ashcroft:

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Embarrassingly, nearly a fifth of Reform voters said they’d prefer Burnham to Farage. This is endemic of the problems that Hodges described. The public has become favourable to Burnham just as they’ve become unfavourable to Farage. It’s hard to see how Farage can fully turn that ship around given his many ongoing financial controversies, which include:

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Sliding polls

As Keir Starmer discovered as prime minister, polling can always get worse. The reality right now is that we don’t quite know how bad things will get for Farage and Reform UK. There is every chance they can eventually rebound if Burnham fails to deliver, though, and there is ample evidence suggesting that the man will not deliver.

Featured image via Times Higher Education

By Willem Moore

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