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2nm A20 chip, C2 modem, more

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Apple’s iPhone 18 Pro is right around the corner, and the rumor mill started earlier than normal. Here’s what you need to know.

In 2025, Apple gave its high-end iPhone a major redesign, with the iPhone 17 Pro featuring a distinct pill-shaped camera plateau, an aluminum frame, and a bright orange color option. Inside, the A19 Pro chip bumped up the RAM to 12GB, and the phone even gained a vapor chamber cooling system.

With the iPhone 18 Pro, meanwhile, Apple is expected to deliver a more incremental upgrade, with the only noticeable change likely to be on the front of the device. Smaller Dynamic Island aside, it’ll be more of the same design-wise.

However, a new chip production process for the A20 Pro is expected to deliver significant performance improvements. Apple’s in-house modems might finally see use in the “Pro” iPhone, and multiple sources suggest a major camera upgrade is in the works as well.

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Leakers and analysts alike have made countless claims about the iPhone 18 Pro. Here’s everything that’s been rumored so far.

iPhone 18 Pro release date rumors

While the rumor mill thinks the base iPhone 18 will arrive in early 2027, the iPhone 18 Pro is expected to arrive in September 2026. To be more specific, an August 2026 rumor claims Apple might announce the iPhone 18 Pro during an in-person event on Wednesday, September 9, 2026.

Silver iPhone lying face down on a dark wooden surface, showing a raised triple camera module, side buttons, and the faint Apple logo on the back

September 2026 is when we’ll likely see the iPhone 18 Pro.

Apple’s U.S. retail employees were allegedly invited to enter a lottery to help organize the event. The choice of an in-person event marks a departure from previous prerecorded product reveals, but the alleged timing is in line with a typical September iPhone event.

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In February 2026, it was rumored that the iPhone 18 Pro had entered test production. Based on this alleged testing schedule, and rumors from January 2026 and March 2026, a September 2026 launch date seems almost beyond question.

There have been no rumors of a 2027 release for the iPhone 18 Pro, or any other major deviation from the usual September debut for the Pro models. The consensus among different leakers and analysts is that the iPhone 18 Pro will arrive in September 2026.

Design-wise, the iPhone 18 Pro is expected to offer only a few refinements, relative to the iPhone 17 Pro.

iPhone 18 Pro colors, design, weight rumors

In November 2025, a source with a good track record claimed the iPhone 18 Pro would have a more uniform appearance at the back, compared to the iPhone 17 Pro. Apple allegedly wanted to eliminate the two-tone effect by making changes to the processing of iPhone backplates.

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Three modern smartphones shown from the back in dark brown, burgundy, and deep navy colors, each with two large camera lenses in the upper left corner and Apple logo centered

Early rumors claimed Apple was testing three colors for the iPhone 18 Pro.

This updated production process is allegedly meant to greatly reduce the color difference between the glass section and metal frame. This should ultimately result in a more seamless appearance on the back of the iPhone 18 Pro.

Also in November 2025, three possible color options for the iPhone 18 Pro were detailed: a coffee color, purple, and burgundy. The leaker, also the same source behind the backplate rumor, said that only one of these colors would make it to production. They said the iPhone 18 Pro would not be offered in black, a claim which resurfaced in April 2026.

However, a February 2026 report from a generally reliable source claimed that the three colors Apple was testing were actually different variants of red. Apple allegedly chose stronger colors for the iPhone 18 Pro, partly because the cosmic orange iPhone 17 Pro was popular in China.

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In April 2026, another leaker, albeit with a mixed track record, jumped on the crimson red iPhone 18 Pro bandwagon. The same month, a tech news website claimed it had received a list of all iPhone 18 Pro color options. The list consisted of the following colors: Dark Cherry, Light Blue, Dark Gray, and Silver.

Also in April 2026, leaker Ice Universe shared an image of iPhone 18 Pro camera plateau protectors in the same rumored colors. Similar images were posted in May 2026 by an anonymous account impersonating a now-inactive leaker.

The same month, leaker Sonny Dickson shared photos of iPhone 18 Pro dummy units. Again, the dummy phones point to the same four color options mentioned previously, including Dark Cherry. Sometime later, in June 2026, AI-manipulated images of third-party iPhone cases were shared as part of a sketchy iPhone 18 Pro rumor.

Overall, the rumor mill believes the iPhone 18 Pro will be available in dark red, light blue, silver, and dark gray. However, a June 2026 rumor says the iPhone 18 Pro will inherit the color-changing issue the orange iPhone 17 Pro is known for.

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Four modern smartphones fanned out, showing rear triple camera lenses and glossy backs in black, light blue, sky blue, and pink against a white background

The four colors now said to be for the iPhone 18 Pro. Image credit: Sonny Dickson.

In terms of design, the iPhone 18 Pro will maintain the aesthetic of the preceding iPhone 17 Pro. This is per an October 2025 post from the same leaker behind the November 2025 color and backplate rumors. Reports from December 2025 and January 2026 reiterated this claim, while a February 2026 rumor said Apple wasn’t changing the design because the iPhone 17 Pro was a hit.

The source behind the February 2026 claim, a Weibo leaker with a mixed track record, then added yet another detail. In July 2026, they said the camera plateau of the iPhone 18 Pro would be 2mm thicker than that of the iPhone 17 Pro. They also said Apple would continue to use aluminum for the casing of the iPhone 18 Pro.

This aligns with what analyst Jeff Pu claimed in January 2026: that the iPhone 18 Pro would feature an aluminum frame, and the same 6.3-inch display size as the current iPhone 17 Pro. In May 2026, however, one leaker suggested Apple was exploring a return to titanium for its high-end iPhone models, while another disputed this claim.

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The rumor mill is not in agreement about the iPhone 18 Pro backplate design, either. While a November 2025 rumor said Apple wanted to reduce the two-tone effect, one tipster, with a relatively poor track record, claimed Apple would make the glass backplate stand out even more.

A September 2025 Weibo rumor strangely suggested that Apple would use “slightly transparent” back glass in the iPhone 18 Pro. If implemented, this would have offered a clear view of the MagSafe charging coil, but the design choice has always been an unlikely option.

Images of alleged MagSafe-equipped iPhone 18 Pro cases were shared in May 2026. Supposedly, Apple plans to revert to its earlier case design, meaning iPhone 18 Pro cases will feature a MagSafe ring rather than a solid rectangle on the back. These could very well be third-party accessories, though, so it’s unclear if Apple altered the iPhone 18 Pro case and backplate designs.

As for weight, one Weibo leaker says the iPhone 18 Pro will be the heaviest iPhone ever. In November 2025, the tipster suggested the iPhone 18 Pro may be 10g heavier than the iPhone 17 Pro. This would place the iPhone 18 Pro Max weight at approximately 243g (8.57 ounces).

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If this rumor is true, the iPhone 18 Pro Max might be the heaviest model ever made. The current heavyweight is the iPhone 14 Pro Max at 240g, while the iPhone 17 Pro Max weighs slightly less at 233g.

Though the iPhone 18 Pro has a chance of weighing more, it might actually offer a reduced version of an existing hardware feature. According to an August 2025 rumor, Apple has simplified the Camera Control on the iPhone 18 Pro to save on production costs.

Meanwhile, an earlier report from the same month, though from a leaker with a less-than-stellar track record, said that Apple would remove the Camera Control entirely from its 2026 iPhone lineup.

It’s possible that Apple tested iPhone 18 Pro configurations with and without a Camera Control button. The company did exactly that with the iPhone 16 range, and this prototyping approach would explain the seemingly contradictory rumors.

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Though we’ll have to wait and see what Apple has in store for the Camera Control, multiple leakers agree that a major change is coming to the front of the iPhone 18 Pro.

iPhone 18 Pro to have punch-hole camera & under-display Face ID

If the rumor mill is to be believed, Apple has been experimenting with the idea of under-display Face ID for years. In January 2023, it was rumored that the technology would be available with the iPhone 16 Pro, echoing April 2022 and April 2021 claims made by analyst Ming-Chi Kuo.

Sidebyside closeups of smartphone front panels showing pillshaped and circular cutouts for cameras and sensors on glossy screens, with reflections and a fingertip visible on the right.

Images supposedly showing a smaller Dynamic Island on the iPhone 18 Pro. Image Credit: Early Apple Leaks/Ice Universe

However, the expected timeline for under-display Face ID shifted in March 2023, when DSCC analyst Ross Young said that the technology would not arrive until at least 2025, due to “sensor issues.” Meanwhile, a December 2023 report from a different publication said the hardware was actually delayed until 2026.

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In May 2024, Ross Young corroborated the rumor of an apparent delay to 2026, reiterating the idea a year later as well. The same month, May 2025, saw the resurgence of under-display Face ID rumors for the iPhone 18 Pro, this time from a Weibo leaker, who reiterated their claims shortly thereafter.

This tipster then went on to repeat the under-display Face ID rumor in June 2025, September 2025, October 2025, and November 2025. Mere days later, however, the Weibo leaker behind the repeated under-display Face ID claims said Apple had delayed the hardware to 2027.

A month later, a completely unknown leaker challenged this alleged 2027 debut date. Tipster “Smart Pikachu” claimed in December 2025 that the iPhone 18 Pro would feature an under-display Face ID system after all.

The same month, a different publication explained it was also expecting the iPhone 18 Pro to debut with Face ID sensors under the display. Apple allegedly wants to “eliminate” Dynamic Island, which the publication calls an “unsightly black oval.” Per the report, Canadian company OTI Lumionics will supply the necessary components.

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In January 2026, Jeff Pu said he expects the iPhone 18 Pro to offer a smaller Dynamic Island, with Face ID still present. Pu also believes the iPhone 18 Pro will offer an 18MP front-facing camera and a 6.3-inch display. A Weibo leaker said the same thing in January 2026.

The same month, however, YouTuber Jon Prosser added confusion to the mix. He claimed that, with the iPhone 18 Pro, the Dynamic Island would move to the top left side of the screen. This was then disputed in January 2026 by a Weibo leaker with a mixed track record.

Meanwhile, also in January 2026, leaker Ice Universe shared the alleged dimensions of the Dynamic Island on the iPhone 18 Pro Max. Per the leaker, Apple plans to reduce the Dynamic Island by 35% from 20.76mm to 13.49mm on the iPhone 18 Pro Max.

In February 2026, a generally reliable source explained they also expect the iPhone 18 Pro to feature a smaller Dynamic Island. However, a source with a mixed track record claimed in March 2026 that Apple would only decrease the size of the Dynamic Island with the iPhone 19 Pro.

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Even so, March 2026 is when the first images of the purported smaller Dynamic Island began popping up. Ice Universe and a relatively unknown leaker, who goes by “Easy Apple Leaks,” both shared alleged photos of the iPhone 18 Pro Dynamic Island.

The latter of the two leakers would then go on to share alleged CAD images of the iPhone 18 Pro Dynamic Island in May 2026. All of the images shared so far show the Dynamic Island at the top of the screen, in the center, rather than on the left.

Also in May 2026, a Weibo leaker with a questionable track record said the iPhone 18 Pro would not get a tandem OLED display. Apple will likely continue to use 6.3-inch LTPO OLED panels with ProMotion support for the iPhone 18 Pro.

Given the number of rumors we’ve seen regarding under-display Face ID, and the frequency with which they appear, there’s a decent chance the technology will arrive with the iPhone 18 Pro. It looks as though Apple will indeed shrink the Dynamic Island as well.

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If Apple moves forward with the new design, it would increase screen real estate to nearly 98%. Still, a smaller Dynamic Island was rumored to appear with the iPhone 17 Pro in February 2025 and July 2025, but that obviously never happened.

Rumors are still rumors, after all, but the iPhone 18 Pro has a higher chance of receiving Dynamic Island and Face ID modifications. Still, Under-display Face ID is not the only camera-related change rumored for the iPhone 18 Pro.

iPhone 18 Pro could have a variable aperture camera

As with the smaller Dynamic Island, a variable-aperture camera system was expected to debut with the iPhone 17 range, per a July 2024 rumor. However, in November and December of the same year, Ming-Chi Kuo suggested the technology would, instead, debut with the iPhone 18 lineup.

Two modern smartphones, one black and one white, shown from the back, each featuring three large rear cameras with metallic rings on a clean, light gray background

The iPhone 18 Pro could debut with a variable aperture camera system.

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Variable aperture system claims appeared again in an October 2025 report. It listed LG Innotek and Foxconn as the component manufacturers, with an actuator to drive the aperture movement supplied from Luxshare ICT and Sunny Optical.

A Weibo leaker corroborated the rumor the same month. They added, however, that the iPhone 18 Pro’s 48MP Telephoto lens, which uses a periscope lens system, will also gain a larger aperture.

In December 2025, another report claimed the iPhone 18 Pro would gain a new aperture system, though it was referred to as a “mechanical aperture” in the text.

Relatively obscure leaker “Smart Pikachu” claimed in January 2026 that the iPhone 18 Pro would feature a variable camera system. They also said Apple was planning to introduce a DSLR-like teleconverter, increasing the focal length and zoom of the iPhone 18 Pro camera system

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In February 2026, it was again rumored that the iPhone 18 Pro would gain a variable-aperture main camera, with a larger aperture for the Telephoto lens as well.

According to a supply chain report, production for the iPhone 18 Pro’s variable aperture components began in April 2026. The report claimed that China’s Sunny Optical and Luxshare ICT would make the actuators, with LG Innotech also being part of the camera production process.

Rumors of a variable aperture camera system continued through April 2026. The addition of a variable aperture might allow for better night-time photography, while preventing washed-out colors on daytime photos.

Variable aperture cameras have other benefits as well. There are multiple reasons why Apple might use a mechanical, variable aperture system rather than a fixed one.

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Smartphone cameras typically feature a fixed aperture, which is the hole that lets light through between the lenses and the sensor. This is the case because a variable aperture would require more physical space for the mechanism and motor.

When aperture size is increased or decreased, this affects the amount of light that hits the sensor. It also impacts the exposure triangle, the principle that changes to the aperture, shutter speed, and sensitivity of the sensor can influence how a shot is taken.

A wider aperture allows for a shallower depth of field, keeping the subject in focus while blurring the background and foreground. A smaller aperture, meanwhile, facilitates a larger depth of field effect, with more elements in the picture being sharp and in focus rather than blurry.

Apple’s current workaround for the fixed aperture limitation is to use multiple camera views and computational photography effects to create a blurry background, known as bokeh, for portraits. However, adjusting the aperture would result in creating a naturally focused image without any computational photography.

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Overall, it’s practically guaranteed that the iPhone 18 Pro will feature a variable camera aperture system, unless you take into consideration earlier rumors related to the iPhone 17 Pro, which doesn’t feature the hardware.

As for other camera components, a July 2024 rumor suggested that Samsung would provide image sensors, instead of the usual supplier, Sony. January 2025 saw the resurgence of this claim, though from a different leaker who added more detail.

Samsung allegedly wanted to make a stacked image sensor consisting of three layers: a photodiode, a transfer layer, and a logic layer.

In essence, the sensor would come with a processor directly mounted to it. This would reduce the time necessary to get image data to the processor, ultimately improving the camera’s responsiveness in the process.

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In August 2025, Apple announced it aimed to spend $100 billion on manufacturing facilities within its U.S. supply chain. Among the beneficiaries was Samsung.

A report in December 2025 then said Samsung was gearing up to install manufacturing equipment at its Taylor, Texas, factory. This is allegedly where the CMOS image sensors (CIS) used in the iPhone 18 range will be made.

However, there’s evidence that Apple won’t exclusively use Samsung-made image sensors in the iPhone 18 Pro.

In June 2026, AppleInsider analyzed more than 630GB of internal files taken from Apple supplier Tata in a cyberattack on its factory in India. Our findings suggest that the Wide sensor, or the main rear camera of the iPhone 18 Pro, will switch from the Sony IMX-903 to the IMX-905.

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It looks as though Sony will still produce image sensors for the iPhone 18 Pro, though this does not contradict the prior variable aperture system rumors.

As for the front-facing camera of the iPhone 18 Pro, a February 2026 rumor from the obscure leaker “Apple Club” says a 24MP image sensor is planned. Earlier, in January 2024, Ming-Chi Kuo similarly said the iPhone 17 range would feature a 24MP front camera.

These two rumors can be explained away by Apple’s use of pixel binning for the front camera. Pixel binning involves averaging the light values of pixels based on the pixels nearby. In essence, the iPhone considers groups of pixels as a virtual “superpixel” of sorts.

Ultimately, Apple’s iPhone 17 range delivers 18MP images with the front-facing camera, and this will likely continue with the iPhone 18 lineup.

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Potential camera-related improvements aside, the iPhone 18 Pro will almost certainly deliver a performance boost, thanks to Apple’s A20 Pro chip.

iPhone 18 Pro performance: 2nm A20 chip, WMCM chip packaging process

In September 2024, Ming-Chi Kuo said that the iPhone 18 Pro would be the only device in the iPhone 18 lineup equipped with a 2nm chip. Back in June 2022, TSMC revealed it would launch its 2nm chip process in 2025, so it makes sense for Apple to go with it for the iPhone 18 Pro.

Close-up of an Apple A20 processor chip mounted on a dark circuit board, showing detailed metallic traces and components around the central square chip

Apple’s A20 Pro chip will most likely use a new packaging process.

Kuo, however, changed his expectations for the iPhone 18 range in March 2025, suggesting that 2nm chips would be used across the iPhone 18 line. This idea aligns with an earlier July 2024 report.

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One source suggested, in April 2025, that 2nm chips would lead to a price increase for the 2026 iPhones, with Apple passing the costs on to end consumers. Months later, a November 2025 rumor from a separate Weibo leaker raised similar concerns.

A January 2026 supply chain rumor said the A20 Pro may cost as much as $280 per unit, approximately 80% more than the previous generation. In July 2026, it was similarly alleged that TSMC had increased its base prices by 10%, again hinting at an iPhone price hike.

Prices were already raised across the Mac and iPad lines in June 2026, but the iPhone was left untouched, for now. Jeff Pu said in July 2026 that the iPhone 18 Pro might cost users $250 to $300 more than the iPhone 17 Pro, after previously saying in February 2026 that there would be no price increase with the model. Counterpoint Research similarly suggested a $200 price increase in July 2026.

In any case, while a price hike appears to be right around the corner, performance improvements will arrive with it, in the form of 2nm chips. The A20 Pro system-on-chip is expected to offer a performance boost of between 10% and 15%, relative to the current iPhone 17 range, according to an October 2024 report.

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Per the report, the A20 Pro chip utilizes a new packaging method known as WMCM, rather than Apple’s current packaging technique, InFo.

Chip packaging represents a process applied to the die of a chip, setting it up to communicate and work with other components on a circuit board.

With the A19 Pro chips, the InFo process gives Apple a way of integrating components within a chip package. Essentially, elements like memory can be added to the chip package directly, rather than being an externally accessed component.

This lets Apple make the overall chip package quite small. Still, it is a technique that’s used with a single die. New CPU and GPU combinations require new dies with this method, which could become expensive for Apple.

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WMCM, short for Wafer-level Multi-Chip Module, is a different packaging technique that works well with multiple dies. It can fit together separate dies, such as a CPU and GPU, while still keeping the overall package extremely small.

Switching to WMCM would give Apple more freedom to create multiple packaging designs by incorporating different dies, and it wouldn’t massively raise the cost of making the dies themselves. Using WMCM wouldn’t have a massive impact on performance, but it would reduce reliance on chip binning for different product tiers.

Apple’s alleged plans to use WMCM have been mentioned by multiple sources, and our own findings also suggest next-generation iPhone chips will use this packaging process.

Jeff Pu revealed in June 2025 that he also believes the iPhone 18 range will use a 2nm chip with the WMCM process. He reiterated these claims in January 2026. According to Pu, the process the A20 Pro will use is referred to as N2 and is a first-generation process.

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Close-up of colorful silicon wafers covered in tiny square microchips, forming overlapping circular patterns with rainbow reflections and a grid-like texture

Silicon chip wafers. Image Credit: TSMC

The smaller die has the potential to make the A20 Pro chip approximately 15% faster than the A19 Pro. It might also be more efficient, with a 30% reduction in power consumption. Apple’s use of the WMCM packaging process was also suggested in a December 2025 report.

Additionally, an April 2025 rumor claimed that the iPhone 18 line would feature 6-channel LPDDR5X memory. This would ultimately allow for improved memory bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance. The use of LPDDR5X memory was corroborated in an October 2025 report, which added that it would be sourced from Samsung, though SK Hynix and Micron were reportedly in talks with Apple as well.

Per a similar December 2024 report, meanwhile, Apple worked with Samsung to change how RAM is packaged, also in an attempt to increase bandwidth.

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Additionally, iPhone 18 Pro board schematics seen by AppleInsider in June 2026 suggest the system-on-chip will move closer to the outer edge of the dual-layer board. The storage of the device will seemingly sit deeper between the two board layers, which could impact repairability and performance.

The same month, leaker Ice Universe spotted a detail about the A20 Pro Neural Processing Unit or Neural Engine. This area of the chip is seemingly much larger than that of the A19 Pro Neural Engine, suggesting Apple will prioritize additional on-device processing for Apple Intelligence and Siri.

While every iPhone 18 Pro will feature the A20 Pro chip, Apple might take a different approach with the phone’s cellular hardware.

iPhone 18 Pro modem configurations and battery rumors

In June 2026, AppleInsider exclusively revealed that Apple had developed two logic board variants for the iPhone 18 Pro. One of them features a Qualcomm modem and supports mmWave; the other is equipped with Apple’s C2 modem.

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Close-up of two smartphones on a dark surface, one dark blue with three rear cameras and one white with a single rear camera, both showing minimalist modern designs

The iPhone Air already uses an Apple modem, so it makes sense for the C2 to arrive with the iPhone 18 Pro.

In short, our findings suggest that iPhone 18 Pro units sold in the United States will use a Qualcomm modem, while devices sold elsewhere will use the Apple C2 modem.

Jeff Pu also claimed in January 2026 that the C2 would be used in the iPhone 18 Pro. Identifiers for the C2 modem were also discovered in July 2025, within an early build of iOS 18, while a February 2025 rumor claimed new Apple modems were in the works.

The same month, Apple’s SVP of hardware technologies, Johny Srouji, referred to the C1 modem as “a platform for generations.” Ultimately, it’s not surprising that Apple has plans for the C2 modem.

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We believe the iPhone 18 Pro will offer region-based configurations, with some users getting the C2, and Qualcomm modems being available for U.S. buyers, due to mmWave compatibility.

As for battery life, a February 2026 rumor says the iPhone 18 Pro battery capacity will only be slightly larger than that of the iPhone 17 Pro. Then in June 2026 and July 2026, it was claimed the iPhone 18 Pro battery would have a 4,288mAh battery in the United States, and a 4,056 mAh battery in China.

For reference, the U.S. version of the iPhone 17 Pro has a 4,252 mAh battery, while the model for the Chinese market has a battery capacity of 3,988 mAh. Models sold in China have a lower capacity because the physical SIM card slot takes up space in the phone, which is not the case with the eSIM-only U.S. models.

If the February 2026 numbers are correct, the iPhone 18 Pro sold in the United States will offer a battery capacity increase of only 0.85%. The China-specific physical SIM model would offer a similarly meager 1.71% improvement over the iPhone 17 Pro.

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Battery enhancements aside, one thing we won’t see with the iPhone 18 Pro is MagSafe replacing USB-C entirely, as TikToks in February 2026 strangely suggested. The iPhone 18 Pro will obviously continue to feature MagSafe and USB-C, as dummy units posted in April 2026 clearly indicate.

What to expect with the iPhone 18 Pro

In essence, the iPhone 18 Pro could deliver the following enhancements and changes over the preceding iPhone 17 Pro:

  • Under-display Face ID
  • Punch-hole front camera
  • Variable aperture system for rear cameras
  • 15% faster, 2nm A20 Pro chip with improved memory bandwidth
  • New red, blue, silver, and gray colors with a unified color scheme
  • A $200 to $300 price increase

Apple’s iPhone 18 Pro is expected to arrive in September 2026, likely alongside the long-rumored iPhone Fold.

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AI agents are part of your team now. Here’s how to secure all of them.

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Presented by JumpCloud


A practical framework for securing every identity in the modern workforce, human or not.

Your organization already has a rigorous process for governing human identities. New employees go through onboarding. They get a role, a set of entitlements, and a named manager accountable for their access. When they leave, their credentials are revoked and access is terminated. It’s a well known IT process: every workforce identity that can access your systems needs to be known, scoped, and accountable from the moment they enter your world, to the moment they are off-boarded.

AI agents are now operating inside those same systems. They access Salesforce, create tickets in Jira, provision infrastructure, process financial transactions, and communicate on behalf of your teams. In every meaningful sense they are members of your workforce, except that in most organizations they were never onboarded, have no named owner, and have no offboarding process when their purpose expires.

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JumpCloud’s Q3 2026 research found that non-human identities now outnumber human users in 83% of organizations, and only 21% have implemented governance controls specifically for them. The framework below is designed to close that gap.

Graphic

Stage 1: Discover every agent operating in your environment

Governance starts with an accurate inventory, and most organizations are working with an incomplete one. AI agents are being deployed by product teams, operations leaders, and individual contributors who have both the tools and the motivation to move fast. IT inherits the governance responsibility after the fact, often without knowing the full scope of what has been deployed.

Shadow AI is the practical consequence: agents operating across production environments with no formal record, no defined owner, and no systematic way to stop them if something goes wrong. Discovering your agent population is an ongoing practice, not a one-time audit. Build an inventory across every environment where agents could be running: cloud platforms, managed devices, SaaS integrations, and on-premise systems. For each agent, document what it can access, what workflows it influences, and what triggers its actions. That inventory is the foundation everything else in this framework depends on.

Stage 2: Register every agent as a formal identity with a named owner

Every agent that operates in your environment should exist as a formal identity in your directory, with the same basic attributes you assign to any employee: a defined purpose, a scope of authorized action, and a named human owner who is accountable for its behavior.

This is the architectural decision that separates organizations that can govern their agents from those that cannot. Agents registered as proper identities can be assigned entitlements, subjected to conditional access policies, and included in access reviews. Agents that exist only as service account workarounds or API keys in environment variables are ungovernable by any systematic means.

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Registration is also the mechanism for addressing Zombie Agents: agents that outlived their original purpose but kept running, kept accessing systems, and kept accumulating permissions. When every agent has a named owner responsible for its renewal, agents without active ownership naturally lose their access when that ownership lapses. The offboarding happens as a consequence of process rather than as a reactive cleanup after something breaks.

Stage 3: Manage agent access with least privilege and zero standing credentials

Registered agents need access to do their jobs. The governing principle for that access is least privilege: each agent should have entitlements scoped precisely to what its defined purpose requires, with access that is time-bounded wherever possible and revocable immediately if the agent’s behavior changes.

Standing credentials in environment variables are a persistent liability. Static API keys that never rotate are a persistent liability. In practice, managing agent access securely means issuing just-in-time credentials for privileged operations, building approval workflows that require human sign-off before agents reach sensitive systems, and maintaining emergency shutdown mechanisms that work at the speed the situation requires.

For agents that need access to privileged web applications, SSH servers, or databases, credential shielding is an additional requirement: the agent should be able to complete its task without the underlying credentials ever being exposed to the model running it. Every privileged session should be recorded and available for audit.

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Stage 4: Govern agent behavior continuously, not just at deployment

The first three stages establish the controls. Governance is what keeps them current. It is the ongoing practice of verifying that what agents are actually doing matches what they are authorized to do, and course-correcting when those diverge.

Every agent action should be logged. Access reviews should happen on a regular cadence, evaluating whether each agent’s entitlements remain appropriate for its current purpose. When an agent’s behavior deviates from its defined scope, the anomaly should be detectable before it becomes an incident. When an agent’s purpose ends, access revocation should be a procedural step, not a reactive measure triggered by something going wrong.

Governance also means maintaining the audit trail needed to answer accountability questions: what did this agent access, what actions did it take, who authorized it, and what was the outcome? Organizations that cannot reconstruct that chain for any given agent are not governing their agents in any meaningful sense. They have deployed them and hoped for the best.

The foundation underneath all four stages

Each stage of this framework becomes significantly harder to execute when the underlying IT environment is fragmented. Identity, access, device management, and security controls spread across disconnected systems create the gaps where agent governance falls through, and organizations end up applying different policies in different places rather than consistent governance everywhere.

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JumpCloud’s research found that organizations operating in fully unified IT environments are five times more likely to deploy agents in business-critical workflows than those running fragmented stacks. Whether the control layer is coherent enough to apply consistent policies across humans, devices, and agents simultaneously is what determines whether governance scales with AI adoption or lags behind it.

This is the core premise of Agentic IAM: that governing humans, devices, and agents through a single coherent control layer is what makes the framework above executable at scale rather than aspirational.

Securing every identity, human or not, is the operational foundation that makes AI safe to scale. Organizations that build it now will not just reduce risk. They will expand AI into more workflows, move faster, and do it with the confidence that comes from knowing every identity in their environment is known, governed, and accountable.


JumpCloud’s Q3 2026 IT Trends Research report (n=800 IT leaders, US + UK) is available here. The Agentic IAM lifecycle framework referenced in this article was developed by JumpCloud and is available here.

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Greg Keller is CTO and Co-founder at JumpCloud.


Sponsored articles are content produced by a company that is either paying for the post or has a business relationship with VentureBeat, and they’re always clearly marked. For more information, contact sales@venturebeat.com.

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Microsoft tosses Teams Live chat into its feature graveyard

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APPLICATIONS

Website support widget lasted 18 months before Redmond ended the conversation

Microsoft is killing Live chat in Teams about 18 months after launch as it seeks to “focus investments on newer customer engagement and communication experiences.”

The service will be retired on October 5, when customer messages will stop reaching Teams. Microsoft blocked new setups on August 6 and told users to remove the widget from their websites before retirement. Any remaining instances will be hidden afterward.

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Live chat was a relatively simple feature available with the Teams versions of Microsoft 365 Business Basic, Standard, and Premium. Companies embedded a chat widget on their websites, and messages from visitors were routed to a support team in Teams. Administrators could specify business hours and assign up to 25 users to handle conversations.

Existing customer data and Teams channels will remain available, but no new conversations, escalations, or interactions will be possible.

Microsoft pointed customers toward Dynamics 365 Contact Center with Live Chat and Copilot Studio’s contact center AI tools instead.

In March 2025, it was all going to be very different as Microsoft trumpeted the service’s arrival. Brenna Robinson, General Manager, Microsoft 365 & Copilot, Small and Medium Business, wrote: “Today we’re excited to take that customer experience to a new level with the introduction of live chat in Microsoft Teams – a faster and more engaging way for you to connect with your customers.”

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Robinson has since become Microsoft’s General Manager for AI Business Solutions. Live chat, meanwhile, has been wheeled into the Raiders of the Lost Ark-style warehouse where Microsoft stores everything that once seemed like a good idea.

Microsoft has axed several Teams services over the last few months. In February, it announced the end of Teams live events, replaced by a Teams “events experience.” The Teams Together mode, which placed users in a virtual meeting space, was also ditched

Live chat is another casualty of Microsoft’s efforts to tidy Teams’ unwieldy collection of features. The company has not elaborated on those “newer customer engagement and communication experiences,” although its recommendation of Copilot Studio means AI is already waiting in the wings. ®

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Think mode, more accurate, free chatting

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OpenAI continues to churn out upgrades to its various GPT models, the latest GPT-5.6 promises to be more succinct and provide confident wrong answers less often. Here’s what’s new.

Apple and OpenAI have a relationship where ChatGPT is an extension for the previous version of Siri, though that could come to an end soon. The latest updates don’t affect users of that specific function, but the Mac utilities and iOS app will gain new features and performance.

Now, we’re going to have to sift through OpenAI’s anthropomorphized language of its chatbot models to understand exactly what’s being introduced here. The press release says a lot about “thinking” versus instant answers, but always remember: artificial intelligence can’t think, reason, understand, or sympathize.

GPT-5.6 Sol appears to be a release hoping to address several concerns brought up by users of ChatGPT. They often complain it uses too many filler words, takes too long to get to the point, and provides affirming answers even when the user is wrong.

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ChatGPT caveman

According to the release, GPT-5.6 Sol provides “more focused answers, adapts its level of detail to the question, avoids unnecessary formatting, and offers a helpful correction when simply agreeing wouldn’t be useful.” These problems have become so well known and bothersome users have turned to skills like “caveman” to force ChatGPT to be brief and direct.

SiriAI chat with weather information on the left and ChatGPT on the right side by side, showing hourly forecast, temperatures, wind details, and conversational guidance about rain, clothing, and conditions for the rest of the day

SiriAI gets to the point, while OpenAI does shows some restraint

The example provided by OpenAI looks incredibly similar to what a user might see when using Siri AI. A brief summary of a weather result with a weather widget is shown instead of a wall of text padded with filler.

Incredibly, the release mentions “more reliable facts.” Hallucinations are a part of AI no matter how many guardrails are introduced, so it’ll be interesting to see if OpenAI has actually accomplished this in a meaningful way.

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For example, Siri AI tends to avoid hallucinations by not summarizing content when possible. When you ask a question, the source is quoted and linked directly, which ensures random incorrect information isn’t inserted. Of course, that’s only if the answer is correct in the first place.

While AI tools can be used for research, AppleInsider strongly urges users to avoid any AI-generated content from appearing in a finished work. Lawyers, doctors, and financial advisors have encountered horrific problems when relying too heavily on AI to perform their work.

No amount of promises and fixes from OpenAI will create a foolproof AI tool.

A “Think” button

If you’ve used Siri AI, you might notice that the same question can sometimes produce very different results in terms of detail. That’s because on-device models are much smaller and seek an end result that is much less computationally expensive versus server-side models.

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Close-up of a sleek tablet corner showing colorful app icons and widgets on the screen, with a dark blurred background emphasizing the thin metallic edge

Apple and ChatGPT have similar ideas on how to approach AI chatbots

Apply that same idea to ChatGPT “Thinking” and Instant modes, and you’ll understand what’s happening. Previously, these two models would be so different that the answers would vary wildly in tone or style.

The names say what they do: Thinking takes longer with a heavier model while Instant is fast with a smaller model. There’s also a new “thought” slider.

This terrible naming convention is yet another attempt to humanize the chatbots, but basically, think of it as a compute slider. Lower means less compute, faster results, while higher means more compute, longer, more detailed results.

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Obviously, OpenAI hopes users will change the slider for more simple queries that don’t need a lot of information resources. It’s computationally less expensive, uses less tokens on input, and likely means less tokens on output.

That’s likely going to be useful for private ChatGPT use, but corporate users never bother. Research shows that OpenAI’s most expensive ChatGPT users are in an office, choosing the most complex GPT version available, and doing so to convert a PDF into a slideshow.

It’s wasteful and expensive, especially for OpenAI, which is likely giving that compute time away at a bargain. Sliders would be helpful for the company that can’t turn a profit, but not if users just ignore them.

Free GPT

Free users are also getting an upgrade as everyone will default to GPT-5.6 Luna and gain a “Think” button for questions users believe are harder.

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White smartphone lying face down on dark fabric, featuring a black circular pin with a colorful intertwined outline in pink, orange, yellow, green, and blue near the Apple logo

AI is a tool that is now easily found on your iPhone, which is a problem for OpenAI

Analyzing such an update can provide interesting insight into OpenAI. It’s priorities as a company providing AI to the masses while developing a HomePod that can wiggle is interesting. Especially given the Apple lawsuit.

One of the biggest reasons why OpenAI has such a large valuation is because it released a powerful technology and essentially gave it away for free. Like Spotify, the free use of this technology is draining the company and all that keeps them afloat are whales and investors.

The AI bubble is teetering on collapse, or is at least deflating, even as consumers tire of AI as a concept. It isn’t clear if OpenAI will find its footing before it runs out of cash sometime in 2028, or if everything comes crashing down around it.

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As an Apple fan, the whole thing is a train wreck observed in real time. Sure, it took two years for Apple to find the right path forward with AI and execute that plan, but it spent pennies on that compared to its competitors.

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Flat-Top or Grated Grill? A Pitmaster Weighs In

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There are real draws to flat-top cooking. I asked an award-winning pitmaster for a breakdown of the trendy grill type.

Andrew Collins

Just when we all thought we had grilling figured out, flat-top grills burst on the scene and offered another buying decision for outdoor cooking. I grew up on grated grills, and they’re still the most widely used style in the US, whether powered by wood pellets, charcoal or gas, but this new flavor offers a slightly different take — and some real benefits — with regard to the time-honored summer tradition.

At its core, “grill” means the direct application of high heat even if it has become synonymous with a slatted cooking surface. If you’ve struggled with the feeling that you’re supposed to use a grill during warm months but find yourself looking for excuses not to use it — either because it’s too hard to clean or because you can’t seem to get it right — a flat-top model might be the answer.

The 9 Best Grills Out of 30 We Tested

The 9 Best Grills Out of 30 We Tested

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So, is a flat-top grill worth it? I consulted a seasoned grillmaster, Erica Blaire. The former attorney and licensed sommelier is also a Food Network BBQ Brawl champion and voracious outdoor cooking ambassador. Blaire offered insight into the nuances of flat-top cooking and whether it might be right for you.

What is a flat-top grill and how does it work?

a large weber griddle anchors a serene patio

Flat-top grills have become popular. There’s less daily cleaning but slightly more ongoing maintenance to consider.

Weber

While the term may be obvious to some, many people associate flat tops with indoor cooking, such as on a griddle. “A flat-top grill is basically a griddle,” says Blaire. “You’re going to be searing. You’re not smoking, and you’re not grilling in the traditional sense,” she said. With a flat-top grill, “you are searing on a uniformly hot surface with no airflow underneath it.”

Flat-top grills feature a flat, solid metal cooking surface with zones powered by individual burners, depending on the model’s size. While many small griddles are available for indoor use, some of which can sit directly on your kitchen range for heat, outdoor flat-top grills are typically electric or gas-powered. 

What can you use a flat-top grill for?

weber griddle

Smashburgers, pancakes, and home fries are just a few flat-top grill foods you can make with ease.

Weber

Consider your typical grill fare or outdoor cooking needs, then ask yourself whether a griddle or flat top might be a better fit than a traditional grill.

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“For a flat top, you’re thinking burgers — especially smashburgers — you’re thinking fajitas,” Blaire said, as well as other batch preparations that are entirely out of the grill’s league, like fried rice, eggs and anything that you’re worried would too easily slip through the grates or that which otherwise regularly misbehaves on a traditional grill. (Looking at you, salmon.)

“Because you’re getting such high temperatures and such uniformity on a flat-top surface, the sky’s the limit on what you can do,” she said, which of course also includes the ultimate grill expression: steaks.

Many chefs say cast iron the absolute best way to cook certain types of steaks, even during grilling season; an outdoor flat-top grill offers the same functionality, letting you really crank the heat without smoking up your whole kitchen.

“If you’re doing super thin cuts like a flank steak or a skirt steak, on a griddle, you’re able to get the outside perfectly seared but keep the inside super moist and have lots of flavor without worrying about drying it out,” Blaire said.

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Blackstone breakfast set

You wouldn’t want to try pancakes on a grated grill.

Blackstone

What’s more, “with a traditional grill, you’re fighting against the open spaces,” said Blaire, “so all the sauces, those butters, and your herbs or other aromatics may end up in the void. With a griddle, you can put everything on there, and it’s going to stay.”

Maintaining and cleaning a flat top grill

A seasoned griddle sitting on a patio.

Flat-top grills need seasoning much like a cast-iron skillet.

Chris Wedel/CNET

Like a good cast iron, preparing a flat top by seasoning it goes a long way toward making your life easier every time you use it. “Using a thin layer of oil with a high smoke point, you turn up the heat until the oil smokes,” said Blaire, “then let it cool, and do it a few more times, wiping away any excess.” This essentially gives you a nonstick surface.

The particular challenge with a flat-top grill isn’t so much cleaning it, which can be extremely easy, especially if you’ve seasoned it; the challenge is timing the cleaning. “A lot of times after you use a flat top, you might just go eat, and think you’ll get to it later,” said Blaire, “but now you’ve ruined your life because it doesn’t have the holes and the void spaces in it, like a grill does.”

chicken cooking on griddle with grease pouring out

If you’re not ready to go full force, you can buy a griddle attachment for your grated grill.

David Watsky/CNET

A flat top really needs to be cleaned right away, or at least while it’s still warm, so you’ve got a moment to start enjoying the fruits of your flat top labor, but in the pause you risk forgetting about it until after it has cooled. “When a flat top dries and cools, everything is stuck on there,” Blaire says. “So you’re going to be having to take a scraper and use a lot of arm power, but if you clean your griddle as soon as you’re finished cooking, and while it’s still warm, you wipe it down and it’s done.” Most flat tops designed for outdoor cooking also have a small well or catcher for the bits and scraps that collect during the wiping-down process.

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Read more: A Step-by-Step Guide to Griddle Cleaning

The cleaning factor is an important consideration for an outdoor cooking host, especially if you have a personality type that makes your life difficult every time you use the flat top. Basically, a flat-top grill can be much easier to clean than a grates grill, but it can also be much harder.

How much does a flat-top grill cost?

A flat-top grill ready to use with it's lid open.

Blackstone’s flat-top grills start at around $300.

Much like charcoal or gas grills, there’s a real range to what you can spend, depending on your size needs and budget. “It really depends on what you’re trying to get, because now every brand is making options in affordable tiers for all levels,” said Blaire.

A quick look at Amazon shows that many standing flat-top grills range in price from about $250 to $700, depending on what accessories you might want included, such as prep shelves and utensil hooks, with a little savings if you’re looking for a tabletop camping model.

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Premium models, including complete outdoor flat-top cooking islands, can go from $700 and well beyond. The good news, according to Blaire, is that nearly any flat-top model will get the job done. “As long as all the burners work and the surface level gets hot, you’re good to go,” she said, whereas grated grills that include lids and multiple cooking levels have a lot more factors to consider in terms of value versus functionality.

So you know, for less than $100, you can even get a flat top surface to sit on top of your grated grill — in case you’re reading this and bemoaning the fact that you already own the wrong type for you.

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Security researchers scanned the Polish web and found courts, hospitals, and airports at risk of hacks

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Two Polish security researchers wanted to find out how vulnerable their country’s internet was to potential cyberattacks and quickly found that thousands of public agencies and websites were at risk of being hacked.

At the Def Con cybersecurity conference in Las Vegas on Friday, security researchers Robert Kruczek and Kamil Szczurowski said they wanted to understand the state of Poland’s public web out of a sense of patriotism and a desire to make it safer for everyone. 

Before long, the duo discovered more than 10,000 affected public entities with 250,000 websites with security flaws, including airports, hospitals, and government offices. 

The researchers found that some of the vendors’ buggy software, coupled with a lack of bug bounties and ways to report security flaws, are putting Poland’s public services at risk of hijacks and other attacks. The researchers also said that some bugs were incredibly easy to exploit but were not always taken seriously, with some vendors describing the bug reports as inconveniences.

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The research comes as Poland is trying to shore up its cyber defenses after a wave of suspected Russian hacks targeting the country’s energy and water providers. Some of the hacks have been carried out by taking advantage of weak cybersecurity. 

Kruczek and Szczurowski found critical vulnerabilities in the widely used content management system Pad CMS, which allowed them to easily access over 300 public websites without needing a password. The software developer did not patch the software because it had become “end of life” and was no longer supported.

Another bug allowed them to gain access to the websites of some two-thirds of Poland’s judiciary, or about 245 courts, they said.

The duo reported their findings to the government through various official channels.

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The researchers said during their talk that it was ultimately worth the hassle, saying that as a result we are “a little bit more safe.”

When you purchase through links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.

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Should I really believe the fitness age my smartwatch has given me?

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Smartwatches and fitness trackers are generally pretty great, as they’re packed with plenty of features that promise to offer a solid overview on your health.

Among the likes of heart rate monitoring and workout tracking, many of the best smartwatches and best fitness trackers provide users with a so-called fitness age which has the power to either give you bragging rights or keep you incredibly humble.

Having said that, how much weight does a device’s calculated fitness age really have? Should you take the age with a pinch of salt, or is there factual evidence behind the number on the screen?

I’ve explored the science behind the so-called fitness age and found out whether you really need to worry about it. 

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How does a smartwatch calculate fitness age?

The exact measurements that go into a smartwatch’s fitness age calculation can vary slightly from device to device. However, calculating fitness age ultimately comes down to your VO2 max measurement, which is the maximum volume of oxygen that your body can use per minute. The higher the figure the better, as this means your body is generally able to take in more oxygen during more strenuous workouts.

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With this in mind, it’s unsurprising that Garmin assesses your VO2 max figure to accurately decipher your fitness age. Garmin explains it does this by comparing your figure to those of people “of different ages within your same gender”. 

However, Garmin states that on its newer devices, fitness age takes additional factors into account. These factors include activity intensity, your resting heart rate and, controversially, your BMI.

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The latter is controversial, as many have criticised BMI as being an outdated way of measuring someone’s actual health. In fact, a 2023 study revealed that BMI “does not properly assess body fat percentage and muscle mass or distinguish abdominal fat from gluteofemoral fat” and explains that women and minorities were either “not included at all, or only comprised a small percentage of the 7462 men” within a 1972 study which sparked the modern use of BMI in research and medical settings. 

Whoop app Healthspan ageWhoop app Healthspan age
Whoop age. Image Credit (Trusted Reviews)

Alongside VO2 Max levels, Whoop analyses your resting heart rate, sleep pattern and the amount of time each week you’ve spent exercising to determine your Whoop age. In addition, Whoop also factors in your lean body mass, if you’ve entered that detail into the app. 

Otherwise, devices like Apple Watch and Fitbit don’t actually offer a built-in fitness age. Instead, you can download third-party apps for your Apple Watch which measure your potential fitness age, while Fitbit offers a cardiovascular fitness score rather than an age. 

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What is VO2 max, and do wearables provide an accurate measurement?

So, although smartwatches assess multiple factors, your individual VO2 max level is one of the key measurements to determine your fitness age – but how do devices actually measure this?

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Both Garmin and Whoop disclaim that their VO2 max level is an estimate and isn’t totally accurate. Even so, both do provide insights into how they reach their respective figures. Whoop, for example, explains it estimates VO2 max by using its own three-tier proprietary algorithm that analyses your health and fitness data and “your demographic data including your age and biological sex”. Whoop promises that its VO2 Max tracking is within 3.3 to 3.7mL/kg/min of a lab-measured value. That roughly translates to around 7 to 8% of error.

Garmin, on the other hand, explains that its VO2 max estimations rely on an accurate user profile and your elevated heart rate. While Garmin doesn’t publicly reveal its level of accuracy, I’ve seen various reports of anywhere between 5 to 15% of error. However, a study conducted back in 2024 determined the accuracy of VO2 max estimates specifically with the Garmin Forerunner 265, which suggested that Garmin “may overestimate oxygen consumption compared to values acquired in the laboratory”.

Garmin VO2 max

Whoop VO2 max

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I have a Whoop MG and a Garmin Cirqa, so had a look to see how each device has determined my VO2 max level. Interestingly, they differ slightly with their exact measures, with Whoop claiming my VO2 max is 46 while the Cirqa states a result of 43. Though Whoop’s estimate is higher, my fitness age is slightly older than Garmin’s at a very precise 28.9 years old. Garmin, ever the flatterer, says I have the fitness of a 26 year old.

Although the results aren’t too dissimilar from one another, the fact they vary slightly confirms that VO2 max and fitness age shouldn’t be taken as gospel, as two devices I wear constantly have provided me with different results.

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Verdict – does fitness age matter?

Considering VO2 max is one of the key factors in determining an individual’s long-term health, the fact that Whoop and many of the best Garmin watches have the ability to estimate your level is undeniably brilliant. Sure, you can’t expect a 100% accurate reading, but an approach is surely better than nothing, right?

However, that error margin should be factored in when receiving your estimate, and therefore your fitness age, as it means the levels are likely not completely accurate. They might not be too far off, with Whoop promising up to 8% of error, but that’s still enough doubt that you shouldn’t completely rely on the ages provided. Not only that, but remember devices factor in additional measurements that are seen as outdated in modern terms, like BMI.

Essentially, we’d advise that while your fitness age is a solid indicator of your overall fitness level, it should be taken with a pinch of salt. That’s not to say you should ignore an age that’s double your actual age, nor that you shouldn’t be pleased with one that’s younger, but just keep in mind that it isn’t actually a completely reliable measurement.

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US Navy’s drone boats tracked an $81 million cocaine shipment before warships swept in for the Caribbean interception mission

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  • Voyager drone boats tracked smugglers before US Navy forces intercepted the shipment
  • Autonomous vessels helped seize cocaine worth more than $81 million offshore
  • Electric-powered drone boats can patrol continuously for more than 100 days

Unmanned surface vessels have helped the US Navy intercept a cocaine shipment worth more than $81 million in the Caribbean Sea.

Two Voyager drone boats, built by California-based Saildrone, tracked a vessel of interest before coordinating directly with naval forces stationed nearby.

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What’s The Minimum Distance You Should Leave Between A Washing Machine And The Wall?

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The right washing machine is all about space. Enough space on the inside, first and foremost, but it’s just as much about the amount of available space in your laundry room, too. That’s the part that determines whether the appliance even fits properly, not to mention operates safely. It’s one of those mistakes everyone makes when installing appliances: Too many homeowners focus only on the machine’s internal space without thinking about this second part at all. As a rule of thumb, you should always consider the external space, too.

Without the right amount of clearance behind the washer, you won’t have enough room for water hoses, power cords, or proper ventilation. On installation, you should leave at least 6 inches of space between the back of a washing machine and the wall. That gap leaves just enough space to connect water lines and electrical cords without crimping or damaging them. You also need to leave that room for airflow and whatever vibration might come from the machine during operation.

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Other measurements to know when installing a washing machine

In addition to those 6 inches of space in the back, you should also leave about an inch of clearance on each side of the washer. It needs that space for ventilation, most importantly, but it also helps with noise reduction and damage control. Without it, the machine might bump up against the dryer or the wall… especially if yours tends to walk across the floor

Because there’s no universal standard washer size across the major washing machine brands, dimensions are going vary tremendously depending on whether it’s a front-load, top-load, compact, stackable, or large capacity machine. That’s why it’s essential to take measurements before buying and installing. Of course, be sure to factor the 6-inch and 1-inch guidances into your measurements.

Don’t forget about door clearance, either. It’s easy to forget, but the machine is going to have to both fit through the door, and also have enough space around the machine for the door to swing open all the way. You’ll need at least 20 inches of open space in front of or above the appliance as well as an unobstructed path through whatever doorways, hallways, or tight corners you’ll need to get through upon delivery.

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NHS Tayside investigates breach concerning data of dead girl

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Investigation into whether staff improperly accessed Minnie Merriman’s file after she was named for the first time this week

A Scottish NHS trust is investigating a data breach concerning the medical records of a nine-year-old girl who died earlier this week and was named publicly for the first time on Wednesday after a man was charged with her death.

The alleged breach occurred at Ninewells Hospital in Dundee, and reportedly involved staff members accessing the girl’s medical records without authorization or clinical need.

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A spokesperson for NHS Tayside, which oversees Ninewells Hospital, said: “NHS Tayside is currently investigating the circumstances of an alleged data breach which happened in a working clinical area where staff access patient information.

“As a matter of governance, any data protection breach would be recorded and investigated by NHS Tayside and, where appropriate, reported to the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO). It would not be appropriate for us to comment further on individual staffing matters.”

NHS Tayside did not respond to questions about the nature of the accessed data nor who is thought to be behind the intrusion.

Medical records in the UK are protected by the UK GDPR, contained in the Data Protection Act 2018 as well as several common law confidentiality rules. NHS staff are only allowed to access patient information where there is a legitimate clinical or other work-related need.

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A 35-year-old man whom police say was known to the child, was arrested and appeared in court on August 5 over the death of Minnie Merriman. 

The man issued no plea at Forfar Sheriff Court on the day of his arrest and has been remanded in custody.

Merriman was found in Elliot Industrial Estate at approximately 0002 on Monday, August 3, with serious injuries.

The young girl was then taken to Ninewells Hospital in Dundee, where she later died.

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Police Scotland said that they are not currently looking for anyone else in connection with her death.

Other members of Merriman’s family, who are from West Yorkshire and were camping nearby, are being supported by specialists. 

A family statement, released through Police Scotland, read: “We are devastated with the loss of our beloved, absolutely incredible, beautiful and brave Minnie Moo. Our family asks that our privacy is respected at this extremely difficult time.”

Detective Inspector Mike Ness of Police Scotland’s major investigation team said: “Our thoughts remain with everyone affected by these events, especially Minnie’s family.

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“A police presence will remain in the area while our enquiries continue.

“Anyone with any concerns, or information, should approach these officers or contact Police Scotland on 101, quoting incident number 0008 of Monday, 3 August 2026.” ®

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Apple’s legal battles with Jon Prosser encounter new hurdles

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Jon Prosser was sued by Apple over the alleged theft of pre-release information, saw a default ruling due to inaction, had that overturned, and is once again failing to provide discovery materials. There’s a reason this time.

Life hasn’t been easy for Jon Prosser since a July 2025 lawsuit from Apple accused him and Michael Ramacciotti of stealing information from Apple employee Ethan Lipnik’s test device. He says he’s not guilty, but has created roadblocks at every possible point in this case.

According to a new filing, Jon Prosser has not been responding to requests for discovery since he rejoined the case in June. Apple last heard from Prosser’s counsel on July 6, 2026.

In the interim, Prosser had a second child. The lack of response is attributed to the newborn.

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He allegedly hasn’t had time to provide requested materials. In the filing he says that he “will find dates when additional discovery may be provided to Apple.”

However, given the situation involves a newborn, Apple appears to be a little more understanding of this delay. The joint filing suggests that Apple has approved the delays in discovery and the new dates.

What isn’t clear is whether Apple will take a softer approach to the final determination and punishment for Prosser. The worst case here is that he is barred from reporting on Apple, which is a significant portion of his business.

A new deposition is set to take place in September 2026. The next legal filing is expected on October 7, 2026.

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