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Bubbles, Belts, And Bulbs: How The Scantron Works

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Many of us remember back in our school days taking tests and filling out answers on a Scantron sheet, those long rows of A, B, C, D, and E that had to be filled in with a #2 pencil. Ever wonder why it needed a #2 pencil, or what the point of using a Scantron was at all? That question is answered in the latest video from [SimonRetro], where he takes a look at the Scantron and how it works.

One of the more interesting things about the Scantron is that it’s such a standalone device. No software needed, no keypad to mess with just two rocker switches. The on/off switch is also the way you tell it to forget the last answer sheet and allow you to program in a new test. Upon booting, you feed in a Scantron sheet with some specific boxes filled in, and then it’s programmed and ready to take in and grade all the students’ answers. Opening up the Scantron reveals it’s pretty interesting inside: one control board with early-’90s-era chips. There’s also a lightbulb (no LEDs) shining through the six reading sections of the card, as well as an arrangement of belts and motors to move the card through the machine. The printer is a seven-pin printer used in conjunction with a pair of ink rollers to print out the results on the cards.

[SimonRetro] also went ahead and tried different ways to mark the sheets including pens, Sharpies, colored pencils, and different thicknesses of pencils besides the #2 to see which would and wouldn’t work in the Scantron. Thanks [SimonRetro] for exploring this machine from many of our childhoods and sharing its inner workings. Be sure to check out some of our other reverse engineering articles that explore how classic devices work.

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EU Politicians Investigated Pegasus Spyware. Then It Ended Up on One of Their Phones

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The research stops short of naming any government that may have used Pegasus against Kouloglou, noting in particular that it found no indication of Greek government involvement. But Citizen Lab does say it found overlaps between the attacks on Kouloglou’s phone and the use of Pegasus against seven Russian- and Belarusian-speaking journalists and activists between August 2020 and January 2023.

“They did not only target an MEP, they spied on the investigation into spyware abuse itself. That shows the whole absurdity of the situation,” Hannah Neumann, a Green MEP who served on the spyware committee, tells WIRED.

A spokesperson for the European Parliament did not directly comment on the findings when asked about them by WIRED, but says it has a “spyware screening system” that is available to all MEPs and has recently adopted measures to expand its protections.

Kouloglou’s phone was first infected while he happened to be in the hospital on October 21, 2022, according to the findings from Citizen Lab. While recovering from elective surgery, he was visited by Greek investigative journalist Thanasis Koukakis, who had previously been hacked with Predator spyware. The following week, the PEGA Committee held several hearings on the impact of spyware and how it could interfere with human rights. Members of the committee, including Kouloglou, then visited Cyprus and Greece as part of its investigations.

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On March 6 and 7, 2023, according to the findings, Kouloglou’s phone was infected with Pegasus spyware again. Neumann, who was also part of the investigation, says that around the time of the first compromise of Kouloglou’s phone, the committee was heading into “key hearings,” including questioning companies operating within the spyware industry.

At the time of the 2023 incident, Neumann says, the group was finalizing and conducting negotiations on its findings. “Looking at the dates, it’s pretty obvious that somebody was not just randomly spying on him, but really targeted the committee’s work,” Neumann says.

“I got angry because you realize that your private life, including messages not only with politicians, friends, but your personal life with relatives, kids, wives, et cetera has been monitored by somebody,” Kouloglou says. “It’s not a matter only about privacy, it’s also a matter about justice, democracy and the corruption fight.”

Citizen Lab found, as part of its forensic analysis, that Kouloglou’s phone received three notifications from Apple, in March and August 2023 and April 2024, alerting him that he was likely being targeted with spyware. These notifications are not issued in real time and Kouloglou says he does not have a recollection of seeing them.

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Kouloglou and other MEPs tell WIRED they are concerned that other members of the committee could also have been targeted and that the group’s recommendations—including creation of an EU-based tech lab focused on forensic device analysis and a spyware taskforce for elections—have not been adopted years after the committee completed its report.

“Europe has a mountain of spyware abuses, and nothing has happened—it’s an embarrassment for European institutions,” says Citizen Lab’s Scott-Railton. “It leaves Europeans unprotected even as AI promises to turbocharge the mercenary spyware threat by lowering costs and barriers to entry.”

He notes, too, that some countries, including the United States, have made progress combating spyware use through sanctions, visa bans, executive orders, and other deterrents.

“There is no lack of awareness of the problems that come with mercenary spyware,” says Neumann. “That’s what the Pegasus Committee wrote the whole report about. There is no lack of recommendations on how to fix it. It’s just a matter of, can you please now do it?”

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Cloudflare Will Filter Out Web Crawlers That Serve AI Companies

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The hosting platform wants sites to have more control over how AI companies use their content.

Cloudflare has announced plans to automatically block mixed-use web crawlers that index websites for search engines and act as AI agents and trainers at the same time. The company previously offered its customers the optional ability to prevent crawlers from scraping their sites for AI chatbots, but now Cloudflare’s stance is becoming more defensive by default.

“Now that the majority of traffic on the Internet is non-human, we must go further and act faster so that a sustainable ecosystem can emerge,” Matthew Prince, Cloudflare’s CEO and co-founder shared in a statement. “Cloudflare’s new tools and partnerships give website owners increased visibility and commercial opportunities and benefit AI companies that have bots with clear and transparent intent. We hope that our proposed default changes encourage mixed use crawlers to separate out search from agent use and training.”

Web traffic used to indicate that people were viewing a website’s ads or paying for its subscriptions, but the popularity of AI models that can visit sites on a user’s behalf to pull up-to-date information has upended that system. Cloudflare’s new approach is an attempt to rebalance the relationship in a way that’s fair for both AI companies and anyone running a website.

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Starting September 15, 2026, new customers and new websites from existing Cloudflare subscribers will default “to allow for search but block training and agent use for pages with ads.” Mixed-use crawlers that don’t give site owners the option to choose whether their site is used for AI will also be blocked on pages with ads by default. Users with free accounts will also switch to these defaults unless they opt-out ahead of the September 15 deadline, according to the company.

As part of these changes, Cloudflare is also releasing a new version of the Pay Per Crawl feature it introduced in 2025 that allowed websites to block AI web crawlers by default unless companies paid to scrape their content. The feature is now called Pay Per Use, and rather than base payments on whether a webpage has been crawled, Cloudflare says site owners will be paid when their content appears in answers from AI chatbots. The announcement only mentions partnerships with Ceramic.AI and You.com, but Cloudflare likely hopes other AI companies will join as its customers opt in.

Besides generally trying to make the relationship between websites and AI companies more fair, as TechCrunch notes, Cloudflare also seems to be indirectly targeting Google. The company’s announcement mentions that “the largest search engine has access to about 2X more information than leading AI companies because they make it difficult for customers to remain discoverable without also being used for AI.” Google’s main crawler, Googlebot, both indexes websites for the company’s various search engines and collects information to train Gemini and power AI features like AI Overviews and AI Mode. Google lets websites opt-in to a separate crawler called Google-Extended that only crawls websites for traditional search results, but if a publisher wanted to be included in AI Mode results, but doesn’t want their content to train Google’s models, they don’t have an option. Cloudflare’s new policy is an attempt to force Google and other companies with mixed-use crawlers to change their tactics.

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WhatsApp Usernames Are Already Raising Impersonation Red Flags

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An anonymous reader quotes a report from TechCrunch: WhatsApp this week started rolling out username reservations ahead of the broader launch planned later this year. The feature — which lets people find and message each other by handle instead of phone number — is already raising impersonation concerns, drawing scrutiny from security experts and regulators in India, the app’s largest market, with more than 500 million users. The rollout marks a shift in how people identify one another on WhatsApp. Instead of relying on phone numbers as the primary identifier, users will increasingly interact through platform-managed usernames, a change that Meta says improves privacy but that critics argue could create new opportunities for impersonation.

[…] Asked about how it protects against impersonation, Meta told TechCrunch it reserves usernames for public figures, government entities, and “some variations” of those names so only the legitimate owner can claim them. The company did not explain, however, how it decides which lookalike usernames get proactively reserved and which don’t. The concerns have already reached regulators in India, where cyber fraud schemes frequently exploit messaging platforms to impersonate police, banks, and government officials. […] Rachel Tobac, chief executive of SocialProof Security, called usernames a net privacy gain because they reduce the need to share phone numbers, which can expose users to SIM-swap attacks, phishing, and account takeovers. Still, she said, lookalike usernames still create opportunities for impersonation. “Ultimately, usernames are a great idea to avoid leaking your phone number to folks you don’t know, but it’s important to verify identity with the username function too,” Tobac told TechCrunch. Her advice for most users: Pick a username that isn’t easily guessable, so it’s harder for attackers to find you, message you cold, or harass and spam you.

[…] The Mozilla Foundation said the introduction of usernames is likely to bring new tradeoffs. “Increased scams and impersonation from fake handles are potentially a big one,” it told TechCrunch. “Checking a phone number can be a useful verification tool, but these harms are also permitted by the platform’s fundamental design choices.” Mozilla also flagged a broader interoperability question — one worth logging if you’re building on top of, or competing with, Meta’s ecosystem. While letting users claim their existing Facebook and Instagram usernames may cut down on impersonation, it also shows how easily Meta can stitch identity together across its own apps, even as users still can’t take that identity, or their contacts, to a rival platform. For now, WhatsApp says it is taking a gradual approach to the rollout. “We’re taking our time and listening to feedback so that when it rolls out later this year we get it right,” the company said in its FAQ.

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Sitting For More Than 30 Minutes At a Time Linked To Higher Risk of Cancer Death

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An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Guardian: Researchers who tracked more than 90,000 people over a decade found that sitting or lying down while awake for more than 30 minutes in one period each day was associated with an increased risk of cancer death. The risk increases for every additional hour of continuous inactivity, the findings suggest. However, the researchers also found breaking up periods of sedentary behavior longer than 30 minutes with bursts of physical activity could help reduce the risk. Getting up every half-hour, even for a short walk around the office, could do wonders for your health, they said.

[…] The findings, published in Plos Medicine, focused on the health effects of prolonged sedentary behavior on a daily basis. […] The team analyzed data from wearable devices worn by more than 91,000 UK Biobank participants, who were followed for an average of 12 years. The findings suggest prolonged inactivity lasting more than 30 minutes was associated with cancer risks. Each additional hour of prolonged inactivity every day was associated with a 10% increase in risk of cancer death. However, replacing long spells of inactivity with movement appeared to reduce that risk. Substituting one hour of sedentary behavior each day with light physical activity, such as ironing or washing up, was associated with a 12% lower risk of cancer death.

Replacing 30 minutes of inactivity each day with 30 minutes of moderate physical activity, such as walking at an average pace, was associated with an 8% lower risk. The risk was 22% lower when five minutes of inactivity was replaced with five minutes of vigorous physical activity each day, the study suggested. There were limitations to the research, including the fact that the researchers performed a statistical analysis of an observational study, so could not prove causation.

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The Onion’s ‘Infowars’ Parody Is Here. Alex Jones Is Going to Hate It

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“Legally, we have to say this is a direct parody of Alex Jones and all this bullshit, until we’re allowed to take over all his stuff,” Collins tells WIRED. “But until then, we’re having a lot of fun.” Jones’ attorneys did not return requests for comment from him; messages to Infowars email accounts were returned as undeliverable.

Lawson calls the seizure of the Infowars name “karmic justice” for the Sandy Hook families, who have yet to receive any settlement money from Jones. The Onion plans to initially give $100,000 from merch sales directly to the families, Collins told the Associated Press.

The Infowars parody also meets business and cultural needs, Lawson explains.

“We kind of realized at some point we need some satirical product that is natively internet satire,” Lawson says. “But the problem is the internet is so hard to satirize because there is no one internet. In order to make satire, you need a shared understanding of some medium that you break.”

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When Collins conceived of the stunt acquisition of Infowars, they began to see it as an opportunity to target one all-too-common digital format: “These blowhard assholes who have a million listeners [and] will say and do anything to make a buck,” Lawson says. “It’s these podcasters, they’re the thing you can satirize, the Joe Rogans and the Alex Joneses.”

The idea, Collins says, is to ridicule the conspiracist internet brain rot that has infected the entire social media ecosystem. “It allows us to like break down how fucking stupid everything is and how people talk now,” he explains. “People are just constantly trying to find the big secret thing that is running the world, but in reality, the big secret thing that’s running the world is right fucking in front of us, it’s the big grafty fucking asshole government that we live under the thumb of.”

Besides Heidecker, the livestreams will include other familiar faces and voices. Tim Robinson of I Think You Should Leave and The Chair Company calls in as “Tim from Ohio” in the premiere episode, leading to a debate as to whether Bozo the Clown was actually several different people. Fictional newscaster Jim Haggerty (Brad Holbrook) returns as well, having abandoned his anchor job at the Onion News Network to spout paranoid crackpot views while advertising products like “Hog Water.”

And a delirious opening theme is provided by comedian-musician Nick Lutsko, who has frequently gone viral with tunes mocking Jones and other right-wing personalities. This song is immediately derailed when Lutsko’s idea for a cartoon “Infowars Elf” mascot is rejected by corporate higher-ups—but he keeps forcing the character back into the theme anyway.

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“This is very much like, an ‘Avengers, assemble’ sort of thing for everybody who’s been making fun of these assholes for years,” Collins says. “I do think if [this cast] had been direct foils all along to Trumpism that we probably wouldn’t have Trumpism.” Adds Lawson, “I do worry about democracy, and I think that satire is the answer to that, being able to point out the things that we look around and say, ‘This isn’t right.’”

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Someone finally built a working Game Boy emulator for E-ink screens

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M5Stack’s PaperS3 was originally built for smart home controls, electronic labels, and educational tools. But YouTuber Wenting Channel recently detailed how he turned the old dev board into a 60Hz E-ink Game Boy, its paper-like display an unexpectedly good match for the handheld’s graphical capabilities.
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GameSir’s Pocket Taco has a new, retro look

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GameSir has given its Pocket Taco mobile controller a fresh coat of paint with a new Voltage Purple colourway just a few months after the accessory first launched.

The new version swaps the original retro grey finish for a translucent purple shell. This design feels like a nod to classic handheld consoles.

Unlike the Kickstarter-exclusive Atomic Purple edition, which paired its transparent casing with matching purple buttons, the new model mixes the see-through design with mostly black buttons. As a result, it offers a slightly more understated look.

Aside from the cosmetic refresh, everything else remains the same. The Pocket Taco is still one of the more unusual mobile controllers around, thanks to its vertical design. Rather than stretching around your phone in landscape mode like the GameSir G8 Plus, it folds around a smartphone held upright. This turns it into a compact vertical gaming handheld that’s best for portrait games and emulators.

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The controller connects over Bluetooth and packs a 600mAh battery that will last through extended gaming sessions. It also features membrane D-pad and ABXY buttons, inline triggers and bumpers. In addition, it uses silicone pads to help protect your phone while it’s attached.

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GameSir has also included a few practical touches. The controller automatically powers on when unfolded and switches itself off when closed. Meanwhile, a cut-out at the bottom lets you plug in a charging cable without removing your phone. Button remapping is available through the GameSir app, and there’s also a keyboard mode for broader compatibility across mobile apps and games.

The Voltage Purple model is available now through GameSir’s website and Amazon for $34.99. Meanwhile, the original retro grey version has dropped to $29.99 on GameSir’s own store.

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Amazon’s Starlink rival is set to launch satellite internet later this year

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Amazon’s long-awaited answer to SpaceX’s Starlink is finally nearing liftoff. According to an exclusive report from Reuters, the company plans to begin offering its Leo satellite internet service later this year, after its latest rocket launch pushed the constellation to 394 satellites in orbit.

The pieces are finally falling into place for Project Kuiper

The milestone came after Amazon’s latest mission deployed 29 additional satellites aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket. According to Chris Weber, vice president of Amazon Leo (formerly known as Project Kuiper), there’s still work to do before the satellites reach their final operating positions. Still, Amazon has now completed enough launches to begin its initial rollout this year.

Last few launches were big for @AmazonLeo – bringing us to 390+ satellites deployed, enough to support continuous service across initial latitudes.

Still lots of work ahead – including raising all these new satellites to their assigned altitude – but we’ve completed enough… pic.twitter.com/UZb404fXRq

— Chris Weber (@Weber44Chris) July 2, 2026

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Amazon hasn’t revealed which countries or regions will receive service first. However, Reuters reports that coverage is expected to begin near the Earth’s north and south poles before gradually expanding toward the equator as more satellites are added to the network. Eventually, Leo aims to deploy more than 3,200 satellites to provide global broadband coverage.

A serious new rival to Starlink

Unlike traditional satellite internet services that rely on a handful of satellites positioned far above Earth, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations place thousands of satellites much closer to the planet. That significantly reduces latency while improving speeds, making the technology far more practical for everything from streaming and video calls to online gaming and remote work.

That’s exactly the market Amazon wants to tap into. Like Starlink, the company plans to sell internet service to households using dedicated user terminals, while also targeting businesses, governments, and industries such as airlines. With Starlink already operating roughly 10,000 satellites, Amazon still has plenty of catching up to do. But having another major player enter the LEO internet race could ultimately mean more competition, better coverage, and potentially lower prices for customers in the years ahead.

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Boeing’s autonomous air taxi subsidiary faces a whistleblower lawsuit over rushed software testing

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TL;DR

A former Wisk Aero software manager is suing the Boeing subsidiary, alleging she was fired for flagging cuts to FAA-required testing.

A former software manager at Wisk Aero, Boeing’s autonomous air taxi subsidiary, has filed a lawsuit alleging she was fired after raising internal safety concerns about reduced software testing, the Seattle Times first reported. Briahna O’Neill filed the suit in Santa Clara Superior Court, claiming wrongful termination and discrimination. According to the complaint, O’Neill submitted two internal safety reports alleging that company executives pushed engineers to cut FAA-required software testing in order to meet a 2025 test flight deadline.

O’Neill says she was terminated in March 2025, weeks after filing her second internal complaint. Wisk said it cannot comment on ongoing litigation, and Boeing declined to comment on the matter. The allegations have not been proven in court, and the case is in its early stages.

Wisk was founded in 2019 as a joint venture between Boeing and Kitty Hawk, the air taxi company backed by Google co-founder Larry Page, and is now a wholly owned Boeing subsidiary. The company is developing a fully autonomous electric air taxi designed to fly without any pilot on board, supervised remotely by a single operator overseeing up to three aircraft at once. That approach sets it apart from competitors like Joby Aviation, which uses a piloted model and is the furthest along in the FAA certification process.

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Wisk’s Generation 6 aircraft completed its first flight in December 2025, and a second prototype flew in May 2026, doubling its test fleet. The company is one of eight selected for the FAA’s eVTOL Integration Pilot Program, which launched in March 2026 and allows supervised commercial testing across 26 states over a three-year period. Wisk is preparing for operations in Texas as part of that programme.

The lawsuit lands at a difficult moment for Boeing’s broader safety reputation. The company has faced 32 whistleblower complaints filed with OSHA since 2020, according to federal records, and a Senate subcommittee has held hearings on what it described as Boeing’s “broken safety culture.Corporate retaliation against employees who raise concerns has become a recurring theme across the tech and aerospace industries, with legal actions multiplying in recent years.

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Whether O’Neill’s allegations hold up in court remains to be seen, but for Wisk the timing is particularly sensitive. The company is asking the FAA to certify the first fully autonomous passenger aircraft in the United States, a process that depends entirely on regulators’ confidence that its software systems meet the highest safety standards. A lawsuit alleging that those same software testing requirements were deliberately weakened to hit an internal deadline raises exactly the kind of question the FAA will need to answer before any certification is granted.

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More IPO Fluffing: Musk’s Starlink Hints At Becoming Full Wireless Phone Company

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from the pie-in-the-sky dept

Last month, SpaceX began making lobbying filings in support of phone unlocking rules making it easier to switch your phone between wireless providers. You might recall that the Biden FCC was on the cusp of installing such rules before the Trump administration, hand in hand with giant telecoms, dismantled them (Trump’s FCC will have to decide whether they love Verizon/AT&T/T-Mobile or Elon Musk more).

SpaceX’s push now makes a little more sense with the company saying it is “considering” launching a Starlink retail product and could eventually build its own terrestrial US mobile network:

“The company’s president and chief operating officer, Gwynne Shotwell, told investors during a recent IPO roadshow that the group was considering launching a Starlink retail product and could build its own terrestrial US mobile network, according to four people familiar with the matter.”

To be clear, I think a lot of this is simply more bullshit to justify the insane SpaceX IPO valuation. But the fact SpaceX has lobbied for phone unlocking rules suggests there is at least some kernel of real curiosity about an actual plan.

One major problem for SpaceX and Starlink is that Starlink is already too congested to handle the traffic they currently deal with. They’re already struggling under the load of 10 million low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite users; the idea, as proposed in their IPO prospectus, that they’ll very quickly surge to more than 300 million subscribers was already the stuff of fantasy.

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But when it comes to building out a cellular network to reach that goal, they simply don’t have the spectrum for this kind of thing:

“New Street Research estimates that the three US mobile network operators have a total of about 1,020MHz of spectrum, while SpaceX has just 65MHz.”

Building out telecom networks is a massive, costly, and expensive chore. Even when you own a government. Directly threatening AT&T and Verizon — some of the most politically powerful companies in the country — wouldn’t be a cake walk, even for Musk. And while Musk clearly has influence at the FCC (remember that time he got Brendan Carr to launch a fake investigation to acquire more spectrum?), turning Starlink into a full wireless/cellular/satellite carrier would be very slow and very expensive.

So if you were a logic-driven investor you’d likely and correctly view this as a costly money pit with no returns anywhere on the horizon. The only real way to make it work would be to acquire somebody like T-Mobile, which would cost billions, take years to integrate, and face all sorts of operational and political challenges — especially if the economy is going to break (further) or control of Congress shifts.

So while a Starlink jump into wireless is certainly possible, I think it’s more likely that this is just putting a toe in the water in a way that might help them extract more favorable terms from their existing cellular partners (they currently offer an “out of range” option via T-Mobile). It’s also likely more IPO fluffing by people who know U.S. journalists and investors no longer truly inhabit operational reality.

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Filed Under: cellular, competition, congestion, elon musk, fcc, phone unlocking, satellite, telecom, wireless

Companies: spacex, starlink

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