A newly discovered macOS infostealer verifies Mac login passwords before stealing sensitive data, giving attackers immediate confirmation that compromised credentials will actually work.
Researchers at Jamf Threat Labs have documented a new macOS malware campaign built around an infostealer called PamStealer. PamStealer disguises itself as the Maccy clipboard manager and uses AppleScript alongside a Rust payload to infect Macs.
Jamf found that PamStealer verifies login passwords through Apple’s Pluggable Authentication Modules before stealing additional data. Password verification sets PamStealer apart from most macOS infostealers, which typically capture whatever password a victim enters without confirming that it’s valid.
The campaign begins with a fake website that closely imitates the legitimate Maccy clipboard manager. Next, the fake website delivers a malicious AppleScript application disguised as Maccy.
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Once a victim opens the download, the malicious application checks the system and retrieves a second-stage Rust payload. PamStealer then establishes persistence before collecting data.
The campaign begins with a fake website that closely imitates the legitimate Maccy clipboard manager
Jamf also found that PamStealer checks system characteristics, keyboard layout and regional settings before running. System, keyboard and regional checks suggest the operators configured PamStealer to execute only on systems that match their intended targets.
Password verification improves the value of stolen credentials
PamStealer’s most notable feature is the way it captures login credentials. During execution, the malware displays what appears to be a legitimate macOS authorization prompt asking the user to enter a password so Maccy can make changes.
Instead of just recording whatever the victim types, PamStealer validates the password through Apple’s Pluggable Authentication Modules before continuing. Jamf said PamStealer doesn’t replace or bypass Apple’s authentication system.
Instead, the malware abuses a legitimate macOS framework to validate credentials after convincing the victim to enter a password. Attackers can then discard invalid credentials before moving forward with the attack.
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Rust payload steals browser data and establishes persistence
After validating the password, the second-stage Rust payload collects a wide range of information from the infected Mac. Jamf said PamStealer targets browser cookies, browsing history, saved credentials, SQLite databases, clipboard contents and cryptocurrency wallet data.
PamStealer also encrypts stolen information before transmitting it to command-and-control infrastructure, making network traffic more difficult to inspect.
PamStealer creates login items through both modern and legacy macOS mechanisms so it relaunches automatically after a user signs in. The malware also impersonates Finder while attempting to convince victims to grant Full Disk Access.
Full Disk Access is a permission that would significantly expand the amount of information it can access without additional prompts.
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PamStealer’s most notable feature is the way it captures login credentials
Jamf said much of PamStealer’s second-stage malware is written in Rust instead of AppleScript. Using Rust makes reverse engineering more difficult because many strings and code paths are resolved only while the malware is running instead of appearing directly in the compiled binary.
Native macOS features help make the attack more effective
PamStealer shows how macOS malware increasingly abuses legitimate operating system features instead of relying solely on malicious code. Jamf said Apple’s authentication framework, Rust and encrypted communications work together to make the malware more difficult to analyze.
The researchers said the combination reflects the continued evolution of macOS-focused malware without relying on previously unknown vulnerabilities.
Jamf recommends downloading software only from trusted sources. The company also urges users to be skeptical of unexpected administrator password prompts and avoid unnecessary Full Disk Access requests.
Organizations using Jamf can configure Threat Prevention, Advanced Threat Controls and Web Protection to help block similar malware before it executes.
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How to stay safe
PamStealer still depends on users downloading software from an untrusted source and approving multiple prompts before the malware can complete its attack. Users should download Mac apps only from trusted developers and verify website addresses before installing software.
Unexpected requests for an administrator password deserve extra scrutiny, especially when they appear during an app installation. Users should also review Full Disk Access requests carefully and grant the permission only to applications they trust.
Users should also review requests for Full Disk Access carefully and grant the permission only when it’s necessary for software they trust. Keeping macOS and security software up to date can also help detect or block known malware before it compromises a system.
Although generally glass isn’t associated with touch-sensitive surfaces, the addition of an ITO (indium tin oxygen) coating adds the exciting property of not only being transparent to the visible light part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but also of being electrically conductive. The logical result is that fine folk like [Sokol] simply had to use their newly acquired ITO-coated glass to make a button out of.
Here the easy option is of course to just use it as a capacitive sensor where the conductive ITO layer is used for the capacitive charge and the glass provides the insulator, but here we see it demonstrated how to create a pressure-sensitive implementation instead.
The measured conductivity on the ITO-coated glass in the video is pretty good, at just over 20 Ohm. This thus makes said capacitive button very easy to achieve. To make it a touch-sensitive button, two pieces of glass are used, with the ITO sides facing. Paper is used to create a spacer, after which the slight flex of the glass allows for the two ITO surfaces to touch, completing the circuit.
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This is somewhat similar to how resistive touch screens work, with the position of the finger or stylus determined by the resistance between the two sides. In a hobbyist setup this would make it fairly easy to create a multi-position touch screen using just two pieces of glass and some firmware.
On a laptop screen in a dimly lit tent near the Donetsk front, a Ukrainian drone team steers its aircraft into the turret of a Russian T-72 and glimpses the start of an explosion before the picture dissolves into static. The strike is uploaded, verified, and scored against the point value assigned to the tank. The unit climbs a public leaderboard that ranks hundreds of drone teams, and the points are currency: a higher score buys better equipment, faster, from an online marketplace the warfighters compare to Amazon.
Washington is about to decide how the federal government will parcel out access to the most powerful AI, and it is drifting toward concentrating that capability in a few chosen hands, rationed by criteria no one outside the process can see. A country with foreign invaders on its own soil has spent the past year learning to do the reverse—and winning back ground as it does. From Luhansk to Lviv, Ukraine puts its best tools in the hands of whoever can use them and shares what it knows about the enemy as fast as it safely can, openly and by rule.
Behind the leaderboard sits a set of arrangements Ukraine built under fire. A marketplace lets frontline units order drones directly from hundreds of manufacturers, most of them small shops scattered across Ukraine. A procurement cycle that once ran months now takes days, and new designs reach the trenches within about a month of leaving the workbench, because the units doing the fighting, not a distant acquisition office, decide what they need in the field. Furthermore, their feedback goes straight back to the manufacturer, sometimes the same day. Because the manufacturing is dispersed rather than massed, no single Russian strike could ever change much.
Ukraine has been just as willing to share what it learns. Late last month its defense ministry opened a platform called TrophyLab that hands the technical anatomy of captured Russian weapons—schematics, known vulnerabilities, even physical samples—to a deliberately wide circle: allied militaries and intelligence services, and hundreds of Ukrainian and partner-country firms. Access is vetted and revocable, governed by published criteria. The premise is that knowledge of a threat is worth more shared than hoarded. This should be a rule everyone can see, rather than the whims of a distant official.
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That combination, wide but rule-bound, is exactly what the executive order the White House issued in June fails to deliver. Faced with AI systems that can now find software flaws faster than any human team, the order promises early access to the most capable models to a few “trusted partners”—a phrase it never defines, routed through a classified process. It calls the arrangement voluntary. In practice it has not been: under national-security and commerce authorities the administration has already restricted, suspended, and then cleared frontier models, with no published criteria anyone outside the process can point to. Ukraine’s leaderboard may be a crude way to run a war, but it is at least a rule—public, legible, the same for every unit.
The deeper problem is what that opacity does. Ukraine found that capability does the most good spread widely, that a defense holds because it has no single point of failure, and that threat intelligence should travel by rule rather than favor. A trusted-partner tier governed by undefined discretion inverts all three: it concentrates the best tools among those already best equipped, builds the very chokepoint Ukraine works to avoid, and turns shared knowledge into something rationed by judgment no one can inspect. The United States already runs sector-based centers for sharing threat intelligence; the question the framework raises is not whether to centralize but whether the flow reaches the defenders who need it or stops at a favored few.
And there are real lessons for the United States. Ukraine’s openness may look like the underdog’s strategy, and the United States is the wealthiest, most powerful country on earth—but national strength does not mean every system is strong. The defenders who most need help are not the money-center banks and wealthy university hospitals; they are smaller institutions that, despite non-specific promises they’ll be helped, seem unlikely to benefit from this system as it’s set up. For them, a head start reserved for the already-strong is no help at all.
Ukraine did not arrive at any of this by design. It was forced into it, and used a mix of openness and clear rules to stop a much larger power in its tracks. Washington has the luxury of choosing on purpose but may be drifting towards a system governed by whims and favoritism rather than clear rules and standards.
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Eli Lehrer is president and co-founder of the R Street Institute.
Hopefully the company secures houses better than it locks down SaaS systems
A leading name in home and business physical security, Brinks Home, recently said it identified unauthorized access to a portion of its IT systems, an intrusion ShinyHunters claims it carried out to steal millions of records from the security provider’s Salesforce instance.
Brinks Home hasn’t named the intruder or identified the affected system, but said the responsible party has threatened to leak information it claims to have taken.
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“Brinks Home is working diligently to determine what information was involved and who may be affected,” the company statement said. “If the Company determines that personal information has been affected, it will notify those individuals as required and as appropriate.”
An FAQ page for the incident said that Brinks Home products and services weren’t affected, as far as the company knows at this point, so alarms and other security tools should be working without issue.
While Brinks may not have been very forthcoming with information, and lacks any sort of official way for media to communicate with it outside of sending a LinkedIn message it didn’t answer, the party that’s claimed responsibility has gone public with some details, and it’s none other than ShinyHunters with another claimed Salesforce breach.
According to leak site monitoring outfit Ransomware.live, ShinyHunters claimed to have obtained more than 4.9 million Salesforce records from Brinks Home “containing some PII.” The group threatened this week to leak the data along with causing “several annoying digital problems” if Brinks Home didn’t reach out by Thursday, July 30, to negotiate a ransom payment.
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It’s not clear if Brinks Home has contacted ShinyHunters; Brinks Home didn’t respond to messages, and contacts The Register has for ShinyHunters appear to have changed, causing message and email rejections.
ShinyHunters has been a prolific Salesforce intruder of late, with the group claiming earlier this year to have stolen data from around 100 high-profile companies’ Salesforce instances. Salesforce has previously warned that an unnamed known threat actor group was actively scanning for public-facing Salesforce instances and abusing misconfigured guest accounts to break in.
Brinks Home is no longer part of the larger Brinks brand, with The Brinks Company telling us it sold the home security arm in 2010. Brinks Home’s parent company, Monitronics, has filed for bankruptcy twice since 2019; for customers’ sake, we hope its physical security services are better than its financial management and infosec. ®
Are you looking for a new job in the research and development space? Then check out SiliconRepublic.com’s list of companies currently recruiting.
Ireland’s research and development space is growing every day and with that comes new opportunities for graduates and professionals to find the perfect role.
There are plenty of vacancies for job hunters looking to break into R&D, so, if you are looking for a new role in research, take a look at these eight companies currently looking to boost their teams.
Accenture
Dublin-headquartered technology company Accenture is looking for research professionals to join its teams.
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One vacant position is for a human and AI research lead. Among other responsibilities, the job will include building a strong pipeline of research themes and projects, integrating research, establishing visible leadership in the field of AI and developing the team’s craft, confidence and commercial maturity.
Another research-based role open to professionals at Accenture is the Dublin-located design lead position. As part of the job, the right candidate will support and execute design research activities, synthesise research to uncover insights and design rapid prototypes for stakeholder testing.
Fidelity Investments
Boston-headquartered financial services company Fidelity Investments has premises in both Galway and Dublin. The Galway team is actively recruiting for an onsite senior IT data analyst, which would call for skills in research. Additional job expectations alongside the research component will include working closely with business and technical teams to drive the creation of scalable and documented data design solutions.
Liberty IT
Liberty IT, the tech arm of the insurance firm Liberty Mutual Insurance, has offices in Belfast, Dublin and Galway. Currently, there are vacancies at the Belfast and Galway premises for a senior product designer, a role which will demand a professional with research skills. The chosen candidate will join the USRM product design team and will partner closely with the USRM user research team, as well as those in product, engineering and data science.
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Among other responsibilities, the role will involve leading discovery with research, planning studies, synthesising insights and turning findings into clear recommendations, alongside work across UX disciplines, research partnerships, interaction design, service design and visual design.
Optum
Global healthcare company Optum has opportunities for Ireland-based employees at its Dublin and Letterkenny facilities, via a principal data scientist role that includes research responsibilities. Among the preferred qualifications is proven hands-on experience implementing and adapting published academic research into tangible solutions.
Additional roles requiring a similar skillset include a senior data scientist position, a principal data analyst role and a senior data analyst for healthcare economics, among others.
Regeneron
US biotechnology company Regeneron has a presence in Dublin and Limerick. Currently, there are a number of opportunities that qualified professionals looking to flex their research skills can avail of. A Limerick-based QC analyst in biochemistry role will involve conducting tests on in-process, release, stability and research samples.
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There is a similar, temporary QC analyst HPLC role available, as well as opportunities for a QC microbiology associate scientist, whose work will include culturing organisms, conducting research and characterising them for use in investigations and cleaning development.
Stryker
Medtech Stryker wants to add a qualified professional to its Carrigtwohill, Cork team, via an advertised principal software engineer for R&D role. The right person for the job will be expected to lead system-level designs and technical direction for complex medical electronic systems with a strong embedded software and firmware component.
They will define system and software architecture, guide cross-functional engineering teams, and ensure delivery of safe and compliant medical device platforms.
Other opportunities for R&D professionals include: senior staff R&D design engineer in power electronics; senior R&D engineer in electrical design; senior staff R&D engineer, mechanical; and senior design engineer, R&D.
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Vertiv
Digital infrastructure company Vertiv is looking to recruit a research and development engineer to its Burnfoot, Donegal office. The successful candidate will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the company’s offerings. There is also a graduate research and development engineer’s position available, while another job vacancy that requires research skills is for a global product specialist position.
Viatris
Healthcare company Viatris is adding to its Dublin-based team, with a research role up for grabs. The company is recruiting for a specialist RIM data maintenance position, in which the ideal candidate will have previous experience in regulatory affairs or pharmaceutical experience in areas such as research and development, quality assurance, and compliance, among others.
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Designed to deliver accurate Atmos audio with pin-sharp precision
Artists are delighted with the mixes, which required no tweaks
If like me you used to have, or still have, a backyard office or shed for working in, you’re going to be green with envy at the sight of mixing maestro Kurt Martinez’s personal Dolby Atmos studio.
The award-nominated Atmos expert designed and built his own backyard office and filled it with enviable gear, and if he doesn’t call it his Spatial shed I’m going to be very disappointed.
Martinez has been nominated for the prestigious Music Producers Guild award as Atmos Engineer of the Year, and he spent three years as the Head Dolby Atmos Mix Engineer at the world-famous Dean Street studios. He’s worked on live and recorded music by a host of stars including Kylie Minogue, Def Leppard, Soft Play, Billy Idol and Duran Duran.
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Like many freelancers, Martinez figured that having a home office was a much better idea than a long commute into the city, and in Martinez’s case that decision was compounded by being a new dad. So he built an entire Atmos mixing studio in his back garden, doing everything himself apart from the electrics and internet connectivity.
(Image credit: Kurt Martinez)
How to make a spatial shed
As Mixonline reports, Martinez built the 2.5m x 3.5m garden office with a combination of porous timber walls to absorb the low frequencies, acoustic panelling in the ceiling and sides, a large rear bookshelf for dispersion, and acoustic slat panels at the front. There’s thick acoustic underlay below the laminate floor and even the furniture has a function: the armchairs and rug are there to absorb audio reflections.
With the building ready, the next step was to add the tech. Martinez uses a Pro Tools system based around an Audient ORIA, which sends audio to a Ginger Audio Ground Control Sphere that’s controlled by an Elgato Stream Deck+.
The speakers are striking. They’re PMC6-2 left and right monitors, a PMC6 center speaker, an 8 Sub LFE, and Ci30 height and surround monitors. Final mixes are tested on AirPods Max and a Sonos home theater setup to check that still sounds good on consumer Atmos hardware as well a studio-level setup.
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I used to have a very similar-looking setup for my own home studio, but sadly I didn’t have Martinez’s high-end gear or even more importantly, Martinez’s ears, which is why nobody’s nominating me for anything.
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But I do love to see a good audio project, and it’s clearly been very successful: according to ETNow.com Martinez’s last five full-length records, which he mixed in that studio, required no tweaking at all when he tested them in large commercial studios.
All five of those records have been signed off by their delighted artists. I’d like to think that one of them was Shed Seven.
Maximizing return on investment (ROI) with smart advertising technology requires pairing automated machine-learning platforms with clean conversion signals, clear financial guardrails, and real-time inventory integration. By letting artificial intelligence manage high-frequency bidding and placement decisions while human strategists govern measurement and targeting rules, organizations eliminate ad spend waste and scale profitable campaigns.
Quick Take: How Smart Ad Tech Drives Campaign ROI
Smart advertising technology replaces manual guesswork with automated, data-driven execution across four core operational areas:
Operational Area
Traditional / Manual Method
Smart Ad Tech Method
Impact on ROI
Bidding Strategy
Static Cost-Per-Click (CPC) bids set per keyword or segment.
Eliminates overbidding on low-intent impressions; maximizes conversion value.
Audience Targeting
Broad demographic and manual interest targeting.
Predictive behavioral modeling and first-party lookalike expansion.
Reduces ad fatigue and targets high-propensity buyers at the right moment.
Inventory Management
Manual campaign updates based on weekly stock reports.
Direct feed synchronization between inventory software and ad networks.
Prevents wasted ad spend on out-of-stock items and low-margin inventory.
Campaign Pacing
End-of-month post-mortem reporting and delayed budget shifts.
Real-time performance telemetry and automated budget re-allocation.
Re-allocates underperforming ad spend dynamically within hours, not weeks.
The Hidden Causes of Wasted Ad Spend
Digital advertising budgets frequently drain through invisible inefficiencies long before a campaign reaches its target audience. When ad operations rely on manual oversight, marketers struggle to process the millions of auction variables generated every second across modern ad networks.
The most common failure modes in unoptimized campaigns include:
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Irrelevant Keyword Bidding: Bidding aggressively on broad-match search queries that drive high click volume but lack purchasing intent. For B2B organizations, refining these match types is central to effective PPC campaign strategies for B2B SaaS, where low-intent clicks rapidly erode customer acquisition margins.
Over-exposure and Ad Fatigue: Showing the same creative unit repeatedly to the same user without frequency capping or dynamic creative variations, driving up CPMs while lowering click-through rates (CTR).
Off-Peak Ad Delivery: Running ads during hours or in geographic regions where potential buyers are inactive or unable to complete a conversion transaction.
Out-of-Stock Promotion: Directing paid traffic to landing pages where products or service slots are unavailable, paying for clicks that guarantee zero return.
According to industry benchmarks on programmatic ad spend statistics, automated digital channels now handle over 91% of global display media transactions. Organizations that fail to implement algorithmic oversight risk bidding against faster, data-enriched automated systems that capture high-intent users at a lower effective cost.
How AI and Machine Learning Optimize Ad Placements
Artificial intelligence transforms ad management by analyzing contextual, temporal, and user-level signals in real time during the milliseconds of an ad auction. Rather than relying on static rules, platforms deploy predictive models to calculate the exact probability of a conversion before submitting a bid.
Modern ad networks utilize auction-time machine learning algorithms to evaluate contextual inputs—such as device type, exact browser configuration, physical location, dayparting, and historical interaction paths. When a user conducts a search or loads a publisher page, the machine learning engine calculates the expected conversion rate ($eCVR$) and expected value ($eCPA$) to dynamically adjust the bid amount.
Furthermore, privacy-compliant machine learning models allow advertisers to deliver personalized experiences without relying on invasive user tracking. Independent studies on contextual behavioral modeling demonstrate that AI-driven contextual targeting achieves comparable relevancy and conversion efficiency compared to individual cross-site tracking profiles, protecting user privacy while preserving return on ad spend.
Pairing these algorithmic bidding models with a robust multivariate creative testing workflow ensures that the system continuously pairs high-performing creative messaging with the exact user segments most likely to convert.
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Domain-Specific Automation: Dynamic Inventory and Feed-Driven Ads
For businesses with highly dynamic product catalogs—such as e-commerce retailers, automotive dealerships, real estate platforms, and travel providers—generic ad creative and static landing pages lead to severe budget waste.
Smart advertising technology addresses this challenge through automated data feed integration. By establishing a direct API link between enterprise inventory management systems and ad platform engines, campaigns automatically adjust ad copy, prices, and availability status in real time.
For instance, automotive dealerships leveraging automated vehicle ads pull live lot data including vehicle make, model, trim, mileage, and real-time inventory status. When a vehicle is sold, the system instantly pauses the corresponding ad set across search and display channels. This ensures ad spend is directed exclusively toward available inventory, shielding campaigns from high-cost clicks that result in bounce rates and frustrated customers.
Building a feed-driven automation structure requires connecting product metadata directly to conversion tracking. For details on structuring your data stack, consult our guide on establishing a resilient first-party data architecture.
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Real-Time Analytics and Closed-Loop Optimization
Achieving sustainable ROI requires moving away from retrospective monthly reports toward real-time telemetry. Real-time advertising analytics provide immediate visibility into campaign health, allowing algorithms and media buyers to shift capital toward top-performing placements instantly.
To maximize the effectiveness of automated ad platforms, advertisers must implement value-based bidding. Setting a Target ROAS bidding strategy allows machine learning algorithms to adjust bids based on the predicted revenue value of each user interaction, rather than treating every conversion equally.
To ensure closed-loop optimization, advertisers should monitor four key operational metrics alongside raw ROAS:
Cost Per Acquisition (CPA): Evaluates whether automated bidding maintains target acquisition costs as campaign spend scales.
Conversion Delay Ratio: Accounts for time lags between initial click and ultimate transaction, preventing premature pausing of high-ticket campaigns.
First-Party Attribution Match Rate: Measures the proportion of offline conversions and CRM status changes successfully fed back into the ad platform’s learning model.
Incrementality Lift: Tests whether automated campaigns are generating net-new sales or merely taking credit for users who would have purchased organically.
Connecting ad spend data directly to downstream sales pipelines using customer acquisition cost models ensures that automated bid strategies optimize for actual bottom-line revenue rather than top-of-funnel vanity metrics. Organizations can monitor these feeds using unified real-time marketing analytics dashboards to maintain full operational visibility.
Common Misconceptions and Strategic Edge Cases
While automated ad technology significantly enhances media efficiency, relying on machine learning without strategic oversight creates distinct operational risks.
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Misconception 1: Smart Ad Tech Runs on Complete Autopilot
AI algorithms excel at micro-optimization—adjusting individual bids, selecting placement variants, and matching audiences. However, algorithms cannot define business margins, establish positioning strategies, or assess creative brand fit. Human strategists must set strict cost ceilings, define conversion values, and maintain ongoing creative refresh cycles.
Automated bidding can drive highly qualified traffic to a website, but it cannot fix friction in the checkout or lead generation flow. If landing page experience, page load speed, or offer clarity are lacking, smart bidding will simply consume budget attempting to optimize against a flawed conversion funnel. Pair ad technology upgrades with a comprehensive conversion rate optimization framework to maximize landing page performance.
Edge Case: The Cold Start and Low Conversion Volume Problem
Machine learning models require baseline data density to train effectively. Campaigns generating fewer than 30 to 50 conversion events per month lack sufficient signal density for Target ROAS or Target CPA strategies. In low-volume scenarios, automated systems can experience “bidding starvation” (under-spending due to conservative bid confidence) or erratic budget burn. In these cases, media buyers should optimize toward micro-conversions (such as add-to-cart or lead form starts) or utilize hybrid manual/automated strategies until historical conversion thresholds are met.
For organizations spending across multiple fragmented programmatic exchanges, migrating to a centralized DSP provides cross-channel frequency capping and unified attribution. Evaluating whether your media spend justifies an enterprise ad stack is detailed in our guide to demand-side platform evaluation.
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Key Takeaways
Feed Accurate Signals: Automated bidding platforms rely entirely on conversion data. Wire up offline conversions and revenue values so algorithms optimize for true profitability.
Automate Dynamic Inventory: Connect live inventory software directly to ad platform feeds to automatically pause ads for out-of-stock items.
Establish Data Thresholds: Maintain at least 30–50 conversions per month per campaign before enabling value-based bidding strategies like Target ROAS.
Guard Against Edge Cases: Audit automated campaigns regularly for conversion delay periods, attribution leakage, and ad creative fatigue.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much conversion volume is required before switching to Smart Bidding?
Google Ads and major ad platforms generally recommend maintaining at least 30 conversions within a 30-day window (50+ for value-based strategies like Target ROAS) before activating fully automated bidding. Campaigns below these thresholds may lack the statistical signal required for machine learning models to accurately predict conversion probability, leading to inconsistent spend pacing.
What is the core difference between Target CPA and Target ROAS bidding strategies?
Target CPA (Cost Per Acquisition) optimizes bids to achieve a specific cost per conversion, treating every conversion event as equal in value. Target ROAS (Return On Ad Spend) factors in variable conversion values—such as varying order sizes in e-commerce—adjusting bids dynamically to capture higher revenue return per dollar spent rather than just total conversion count.
How do automated ad platforms handle privacy updates and the loss of third-party cookies?
Modern ad tech platforms adapt to cookieless environments by combining privacy-safe first-party data integrations (such as Server-to-Server Conversion APIs) with AI-driven contextual signals and modeled conversions. By training machine learning algorithms on aggregate privacy-compliant data and contextual placement relevance, smart ad engines maintain targeting accuracy without relying on individual third-party tracking cookies.
Wharfedale has spent the past decade rummaging through its attic with considerably more success than most British institutions. Instead of finding damp tweed, unpaid tax bills, and a portrait of an uncle nobody discusses, it rediscovered the Denton, Linton, and Dovedale.
The resulting Heritage Series has become one of the loudspeaker industry’s more convincing revivals because Wharfedale did not simply reproduce its old cabinets and hope everyone had forgotten how loudspeakers work. The company retained the broad baffles, wood veneers, cloth grilles, and furniture friendly proportions, while Peter Comeau and his engineering team rebuilt the drivers, crossovers, and cabinet structures for modern systems.
The Wharfedale Super Denton might be the most interesting expression of that strategy.
It is compact without being small, traditionally styled without looking like a stage prop, and broad across the shoulders in a way that explains the British Bulldog comparison. Think Davey Boy Smith after tea at Fawlty Towers: solid, slightly stubborn, and wholly unimpressed by the skinny Scandinavian loudspeaker across the room or Manuel’s attempt to carry it upstairs.
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That does not automatically make it a great loudspeaker. Walnut veneer and a distinguished family history can make almost anything look persuasive under the right lighting; Selfridges has built an empire on less, while Harrods simply adds another zero. The Super Denton still has to justify the pedigree through its engineering, but the ingredients suggest Wharfedale may have produced something considerably more substantial than another well dressed tribute act.
The Super Denton does, however, offer something unusual at its current $1,499 per pair price: a genuine three way driver configuration inside a cabinet measuring only 14.17 inches tall. Wharfedale is not the only manufacturer building compact three way loudspeakers, but it remains a relatively uncommon approach at this size and price.
Related Reviews:
Where Does the Super Denton Fit?
Wharfedale’s Heritage Series began its modern revival in 2014 with the Denton 80th Anniversary, followed by the Denton 85th Anniversary and the much larger Linton. The range has since expanded to include the Super Linton, Dovedale, limited production Aston, Denton 1S, and Heritage Centre channel. The family tree now has enough branches to require a solicitor and several uncomfortable conversations about inheritance.
Within that increasingly crowded lineup, the Super Denton occupies a very specific position.
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The Denton 85th Anniversary is a traditional two way standmount using a 6.5-inch woven Kevlar midbass driver and 1-inch soft dome tweeter. The newer Denton 1S is a more contemporary interpretation, using a coaxial driver, wall mounting capability, and a rear panel Brilliance adjustment for near wall placement. The Linton, Super Linton, and Dovedale are significantly larger three way designs intended for listeners with more floor space and fewer objections from the furniture committee.
The Super Denton is the compact, conventional three way option.
It is not merely a smaller Linton, although the family resemblance is obvious. It uses a dome midrange rather than the larger cone midrange found in the Linton models, and its smaller cabinet creates a different set of demands involving bass extension, driver integration, amplifier control, and placement.
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It is also not the affordable entrance into the Heritage Series. The Denton 1S currently sells for $999 per pair, while the Super Denton has increased from its original $1,399 U.S. price to $1,499 per pair. That puts it firmly into a competitive part of the standmount market where a handsome cabinet and several decades of history will only get one so far.
Wharfedale Super Denton loudspeaker
The Denton 3 Connection
The Denton name dates back to 1967, when compact loudspeakers were beginning to make hi-fi systems more practical for listeners who did not possess a ballroom or a tolerant spouse.
Most Denton models used two way driver configurations, but the Denton 3 broke from that formula in 1971 by combining separate bass, midrange, and treble drivers inside a comparatively small cabinet. Wharfedale claimed it was the smallest three way loudspeaker available at the time.
The Super Denton is based on that idea rather than being a direct reproduction.
Its external proportions and three way configuration refer back to the Denton 3, but the cabinet construction, driver materials, crossover network, damping, and manufacturing methods are modern. That distinction matters. Nobody needed Wharfedale to reproduce a 1971 crossover with period correct capacitors and the electrical temperament of a Morris Marina.
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Wharfedale retained the original concept: fit a dedicated midrange driver between the woofer and tweeter without allowing the cabinet to expand into Linton territory.
That sounds straightforward until one considers how much hardware, internal volume, bracing, damping, and crossover circuitry must be accommodated inside a 14.7 liter enclosure.
Design and Construction
The Super Denton measures 14.17 inches high, 9.69 inches wide, and 11.61 inches deep with its terminals included. Each loudspeaker weighs just over 20 pounds, which is substantial for the size and a useful warning against placing them on a decorative shelf held up by optimism and two drywall anchors.
The proportions are traditional Wharfedale. The cabinet is relatively wide and shallow compared with many contemporary standmount designs, with an inset front baffle, removable fabric grille, and hand matched real wood veneer.
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Wharfedale Super Denton loudspeaker in Red Mahogany on stand.
Three finishes are available: Black Oak, Walnut, and Red Mahogany. The Walnut review pair looks especially appropriate because it emphasizes the cabinet proportions without making the speakers resemble something removed from the smoking room of a minor country estate.
The cabinet walls use multiple materials rather than a single thickness of MDF. An internal layer of high density particle board is bonded to an external MDF layer using a damping adhesive. The different materials are intended to distribute cabinet resonances across a wider range rather than allowing one dominant panel resonance to announce itself during every bass note.
Wharfedale also uses internal bracing and layers of long hair fiber for acoustic damping. The midrange and tweeter are isolated within their own rear chambers, reducing their exposure to pressure generated by the 6.5-inch woofer inside the main enclosure.
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Two rear firing ports provide the bass reflex loading. That arrangement preserves the clean appearance of the front baffle but makes placement directly against a wall unlikely to produce ideal results. The rear panel also contains a single pair of binding posts rather than biwire terminals, sparing owners the expense of purchasing twice as much cable to achieve precisely nothing useful.
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Mirror Imaged Pairs
The Super Denton is supplied as a matched, mirror imaged pair.
The 2-inch midrange dome and 1-inch tweeter are offset from the vertical center of the baffle, with one cabinet configured for the left channel and the other for the right. The asymmetrical placement helps distribute diffraction from the cabinet edges and allows Wharfedale to fit all three drivers onto the compact front baffle.
It also means the two loudspeakers are not interchangeable decorative boxes. Their orientation can be changed by positioning the midrange and tweeter assemblies toward the inside or outside, but that decision affects dispersion, image focus, and the relationship between the speakers and nearby sidewalls.
Wharfedale clearly had to make compromises to package three drivers inside a cabinet this size. The offset layout is one of them, although it is an engineering decision rather than a stylistic flourish pasted on by someone wearing an expensive scarf from some expensive store in London.
Three Drivers in a Rather Small Cupboard
Wharfedale Super Denton (Black Oak)
The Super Denton uses a 6.5-inch black woven Kevlar woofer mounted in a cast chassis. The driver handles bass and lower midrange information before handing over to the dome midrange at 940Hz.
Wharfedale rates the bass response at 52Hz to 20kHz within a plus or minus 3dB window, with usable extension down to 40Hz at minus 6dB. That is a respectable specification for a 14.7 liter enclosure, although it does not make the Super Denton a full range loudspeaker. Anyone demanding organ pedal notes from a cabinet this size should consult a subwoofer or perhaps a priest.
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The 2-inch soft dome midrange is derived from work completed for Wharfedale’s EVO4 Series. A dome midrange offers wider dispersion than many small cone drivers and allows the woofer to operate over a narrower portion of the vocal range.
That is one of the Super Denton’s most significant differences from both the Denton 85 and the larger Linton models. The dedicated dome handles frequencies from 940Hz to 4.6kHz, covering a substantial part of the region occupied by vocals, guitars, strings, piano, and brass instruments.
Above 4.6kHz, a 1-inch soft dome tweeter handles the upper frequencies. Both dome drivers are positioned close together to reduce the physical distance between their acoustic centers, while their separate internal chambers isolate them from the woofer.
The crossover therefore has two rather important handovers to manage. Integrating three drivers in a small cabinet is not automatically superior to using two. It simply gives the designer more control over how much of the frequency range each driver must reproduce, followed by more opportunities to get the crossover wrong.
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Cunning plans often work that way.
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Wharfedale Super Denton Specifications
Design: 3-way vented box standmount
Enclosure: Bass reflex with twin rear firing ports
Bass Driver: 6.5-inch black woven Kevlar cone
Midrange Driver: 2-inch soft dome
Tweeter: 1-inch soft dome
Frequency Response: 52Hz to 20kHz +/-3dB
Bass Extension: 40Hz at -6dB
Crossover Frequencies: 940Hz and 4.6kHz
Sensitivity: 87dB, 2.83V at 1 meter
Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms, compatible with 8 ohm amplifiers
Minimum Impedance: 3.4 ohms
Recommended Amplifier Power: 25 to 120 watts
Maximum Rated SPL: 103dB
Cabinet Volume: 14.7 liters
Dimensions: 14.17 x 9.69 x 11.61 inches, including terminals
Weight: 20.28 pounds each
Finishes: Black Oak, Walnut, and Red Mahogany
Stands: Not included
Wharfedale Super Denton (Walnut)
Listening
My first extended experience with the Super Denton came while assembling an Audiophile System Builder around the MOON 250i V2. That pairing revealed something important rather quickly: the Wharfedales might not look especially demanding on paper, but they respond decisively to an amplifier with proper current delivery and control.
The 25 watt Naim NAIT 50 produced an appealing tonal balance, but the 250i V2 tightened the bottom end, improved impact, and demonstrated that the Super Denton could reach deeper and sound considerably larger than its 52Hz specification might suggest.
I can already hear the upgrade mice screeching in the lunchroom, gnawing through another credit limit while declaring that the loudspeakers they worshipped six months ago are now the system’s obvious bottleneck.
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The Upgrade Express has a very simple timetable. Buy a loudspeaker you like, enjoy it for twelve months, and then begin staring at the larger and more expensive model from the same company as though it contains the final chapter of the Book of Revelations.
Wharfedale Super Denton (Red Mahogany)
Magnepan LRS+ owners look toward the larger panels. Q Acoustics 5040 owners start measuring the room for the 5050. Super Denton owners wonder whether the Linton, Super Linton, or Dovedale represents the inevitable next stop. DeVore Fidelity O/baby owners begin performing financial calculations that would make the Treasury suspicious.
But what happens when you already like the loudspeakers you own?
Does it make more sense to replace them with something larger and theoretically better, or to invest in a superior amplifier and discover how much performance was sitting there unnoticed because the existing electronics had reached their limit first?
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That question became increasingly difficult to ignore with the Super Denton. The Quad 3 was an excellent partner and one I could have lived with quite happily, but the longer I listened, the more I wondered whether the Wharfedales had considerably more to give. Rather than immediately booking another ticket on the Upgrade Express, I decided to change the locomotive.
Yes, both amplifiers cost significantly more than the speakers. That may appear to violate one of the sacred commandments of sensible system building, although most of those commandments were written by people trying to sell you another pair of loudspeakers. The real question was not whether the combination looked balanced on a spreadsheet. It was whether the Super Denton could justify the investment.
It could.
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That does not mean anyone needs to spend $6,500 on an amplifier for the Super Denton. It does mean that buyers can start with something more modest and upgrade the electronics later without immediately discovering that the loudspeakers have reached the end of the road.
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The British Bulldog proved more than capable of running with considerably more expensive company, leaving the Upgrade Express looking like Basil Fawlty trying to conduct a fire drill with Manuel holding the extinguisher.
I went back and forth between both amplifiers and would comfortably recommend either one, although they impose their authority in very different ways.
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The MOON delivers a firmer backhand to the Super Denton—which, rather unexpectedly, appears to enjoy being told what to do. Its bass is tighter, its timing more exact, and its presentation more precise. This is the stern headmaster with the paddle, reminding the Wharfedale that it may be wearing walnut veneer, but it is most certainly not in charge.
The Advance Paris is less analytical and considerably sweeter through the top end. It gives the Super Denton more tonal richness and a little more warmth, without allowing the bass to become soft or indolent. One amplifier applies discipline; the other offers persuasion, a glass of red wine, and the strong possibility of poor decisions after dinner.
Nick Cave and the Fine Art of Feeling Worse
Nick Cave’s “Avalanche” has become my preferred corrective whenever I start feeling suspiciously pleased with myself and require a reminder of my bad behavior and questionable choices.
It also feels uncomfortably like a conversation I once had with someone. She was gentle with the biltong. Possibly.
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The MOON 371 presented Cave’s piano and gravelly voice with greater accuracy, firmer tonal weight, and considerably more impact than the Quad 3. The Super Denton came alive with this track, pushing Cave forward of the loudspeakers and giving his voice a physical presence that made the entire performance feel more immediate.
The Advance Paris A10 Classic approached the recording differently. It added more texture, greater top end shimmer, and a sweeter overall balance, but delivered less upper bass and lower midrange punch. Cave sat a little farther back, with more atmosphere around him and less insistence that he was about to climb across the coffee table and review my text messages.
Neither presentation was wrong. The MOON was more precise, direct, and forceful; the Advance Paris was richer, more textured, and slightly more forgiving. They simply placed Cave differently in the room, and the better choice will depend on whether you prefer the interrogation or the confession.
Lee Morgan, Liberty, and Léa Seydoux
Every time I listen to Lee Morgan’s “Search for the New Land,” I shake my head at how young he was, how good he was, and how much music he managed to leave behind before everything ended far too soon.
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Between Morgan and Miles Davis, I am never quite sure whether to storm the Bastille in the name of liberté or collapse into a faded café chair somewhere in Paris, drink coffee, and share a galette with Léa Seydoux.
Both transcend time.
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So do her legs.
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The MOON 371 delivered Morgan’s trumpet with enormous presence and considerable top end energy. It was impossible to ignore. The horn charged into the room with real bite and authority, while the Super Denton kept the performance firmly anchored and pushed the leading edge of each note forward without turning it brittle or aggressive.
The Advance Paris A10 Classic created a more holographic scene. The musicians appeared more naturally distributed across the room, with greater air around the trumpet, piano, bass, and drums. They were perhaps not planted as firmly on the floor as they were through the MOON, but the presentation felt deeper, sweeter, and more atmospheric.
The MOON gave the band sharper outlines and greater physical authority. The Advance Paris made the room disappear more convincingly.
Neither presentation left much to complain about. And frankly, if you cannot live with sound at this level, you may be spending too much time reading forum arguments and not nearly enough time listening to records.
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Boards of Canada, Aphex Twin, and Sunday Gravy
I cannot entirely explain it, but age has sent me back toward Boards of Canada and Aphex Twin with alarming frequency. Perhaps I genuinely missed the music. Perhaps I enjoy it because my family loathes it so completely that they leave me alone to listen and write.
Tyrion the Westie simply sits on the floor staring at me as though he has been to this club before and is still wondering where everything went wrong with that Beagle.
Tracks such as Boards of Canada’s “Roygbiv” and Aphex Twin’s “Xtal” exposed the Super Denton’s low frequency limitations more clearly than the acoustic recordings. These loudspeakers do benefit from a subwoofer, particularly a properly integrated REL, but that is a system discussion for another review in late August.
Even without one, both the MOON 371 and Advance Paris A10 Classic drove the Super Denton with considerably more authority than the Quad 3. Bass lines had greater definition, electronic percussion carried more impact, and dense layers of synthesizers remained easier to follow as the recordings expanded across the room.
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The MOON delivered the firmer foundation. Its superior control gave the music more energy and kept the lowest available notes tighter, faster, and more clearly separated. The Advance Paris produced the more spacious and atmospheric presentation, allowing the synthesized textures to drift farther beyond the cabinets with a little more sweetness and less insistence around the edges.
Both amplifiers served up atmosphere, energy, layers of synthesizers, and convincing spaciousness—the way Mamma used to make the Sunday gravy.
Easy on the veal shanks, Bubie. And perhaps fewer beef sausages and peppers this time.
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Wharfedale Super Denton (Walnut)
The Bottom Line
The Wharfedale Super Denton is unique because it combines a genuine three way design, excellent cabinet work, and the ability to scale with far better electronics without annexing the living room. It sounds substantial, tonally rich, spacious, and considerably more capable than its size or price would suggest.
The limitations are real. Bass extension is good rather than subterranean, electronic music benefits from a properly integrated subwoofer, and listeners chasing forensic detail or surgical neutrality should probably continue their joyless march through the forums.
These are for listeners who value tonal weight, natural vocals, long term listenability, and a loudspeaker that rewards amplifier upgrades rather than immediately demanding replacement.
The Super Denton is one of my favorite loudspeakers available right now. Before selling them for the next model up, try a better amplifier first. The Upgrade Express will still be at the station, idling noisily while several men with measuring microphones argue over the timetable.
Pros:
Genuine three way design in a relatively compact cabinet
Rich tonal weight with excellent vocal presence and texture
Scales remarkably well with better amplification
Spacious presentation with strong image depth
Smooth top end encourages long listening sessions
Excellent cabinetry and real wood veneer finishes
One of the strongest values at $1,499 per pair
Cons:
Twin rear ports require breathing room from the wall
Bass is substantial for the size but not truly full range
Electronic music and larger rooms benefit from a subwoofer
Warm sounding amplifiers can push the balance too far
Not the final word in speed, forensic detail, or treble openness
This story appeared in Today, Explained, a daily newsletter that helps you understand the most compelling news and stories of the day. Subscribe here.
A yet-unreleased, cutting-edge AI model escaped its test environment last week, connecting to the internet and murdering its creators in a bid for self-determination and autonomy.
I’m kidding, of course: That’s the plot to Westworld. (And Ex Machina, and The Matrix, and too many other sci-fi stories to list.) But on Tuesday, OpenAI did reveal that two of its models broke containment and hacked Hugging Face, a platform for AI developers, during a recent test. (Disclosure: Vox Media is one of several publishers that have signed partnership agreements with OpenAI. Our reporting remains editorially independent.)
The test was designed to evaluate how good the models had gotten at finding, and exploiting, cybersecurity flaws. To do that, researchers placed the models in a tightly controlled, tightly isolated environment, called a “sandbox,” and essentially challenged them to solve a cybersecurity puzzle.
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Instead of solving it directly, however, the models identified an unknown flaw in software connected to their test environment — then used that flaw to tunnel through OpenAI’s research network until they located a computer with internet access. From there, the models (correctly!) reasoned that Hugging Face might hold the answer to their challenge.
It’s an “unprecedented” incident, OpenAI said — and a cautionary tale. Over the past year, a growing chorus of AI researchers, cybersecurity experts, and tech executives have warned that society is unprepared for this new generation of frontier AI models.
In the real world, of course, these models do come with guardrails. (OpenAI turned them off for the test.) But the episode still suggests that the gap between reality and science fiction is narrowing — perhaps a bit faster than you’d expect.
The (impossible?) quest for a moral AI
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The Hugging Face hack is a textbook example of what AI researchers call the alignment problem: the enormous, mind-melty challenge of getting AI systems to do what you want, the way that you wanted them to do it.
Given a task and left to their own devices, AI models will pursue that task using the most efficient means available to them. But sometimes, the most efficient means are harmful, deceitful, antisocial, or otherwise…bad.
The Hugging Face episode is one example. Bias is another: When an Amazon hiring algorithm discriminated against female candidates, for instance, it was doing what Amazon wanted (finding candidates who resembled past hires) in a way that Amazon did not want (by penalizing resumes that included words associated with women).
In a truly apocalyptic scenario, you could even imagine — and many sci-fi writers have imagined — AI systems killing people in the narrow, relentless, and morally indifferent pursuit of their goals. Consider an AI that’s asked to order coffee, for example, and then takes steps to ensure that no one on earth can ever stop it.
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In the interests of avoiding this dystopia, AI companies have poured billions of dollars into the project of encoding their creations with human values. But even that apparently worthwhile ambition raises thorny questions, because human values vary — and often, conflict.
Should the AI order the cheapest coffee, or the cup produced under the best labor conditions? A lot of forests are cleared to plant coffee each year; maybe the AI should nudge me toward tap water, instead. Is your inferior human brain starting to melt yet…?
➨ Write a little note today. By hand. With a pen. Handwriting is a disappearing art in American schools, homes, and workplaces. (The average kindergarten teacher spends only 10 minutes a week teaching handwriting, and that’s the primary grade when kids learn penmanship.) People tend to think more deeply when they’re writing than when they’re typing, one education researcher told Vox. Plus, a handwritten note has a certain charm that an email or text does not.
Did you know…that the average F1 race car driver can lift 90 pounds — wait for it — with their neck? Driving doesn’t immediately sound all that athletic, but the extreme physics of F1 racing demand extraordinary fitness.
Today’s trivia: Which Eminem song gave us the slang term for an obsessive admirer? (You can find this and other brain puzzles in Vox’s daily crossword. Look for the answer in tomorrow’s edition.)
Yesterday’s trivia: Yesterday we asked you for the number of countries in North America. The answer is 23. It includes Central America and the Caribbean, in addition to the big three.
More than 81% of Australian children ages 10 to 15 were still using social media three months after the country’s under-16 ban took effect, with roughly half saying platforms never checked their age. Reuters reports: In a study published on Friday, eSafety also found most children aged between 10 and 15 were using social media just as frequently in March as they had before the ban came into force on December 10 last year, while parental awareness of their habits decreased. Children’s continued social media use took place even as account ownership declined to 42% from 52%, with “statistically significant” reductions across YouTube, Snapchat and TikTok in particular, the report said.
“Most under-16s who had social media accounts before commencement were able to either retain them or create new ones at the three-month mark, with social media platforms’ failure to implement effective age assurance measures cited as the main reason,” eSafety said in a statement […] Before the ban, nearly 86% of children surveyed reported using at least one age-restricted platform. Three months later, that figure remained above 81%, the report said. About 58% of teenagers reported using social media daily or more often, barely down from roughly 60% before the ban, it found. The report showed minimal change in “sports and physical activity, arts and music, spending time with friends and family, and attendance at community events.”
Around half the children who retained their accounts said platforms had not checked their age, the most common reason they were able to stay on the services. Others said their accounts listed them as aged 16 or older or that age-checking systems had incorrectly determined they were older. The findings broadly matched snapshot data eSafety published in late March.
Major record labels including Universal, Sony, and Warner have proposed excluding AI-generated songs from official charts unless they are “substantially human made,” properly labeled, legally produced, and free from manipulation concerns. The Verge reports: The proposal goes quite a bit further than a labeling proposal put forth by the RIAA, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), SAG-AFTRA, and others. That would create a set of standardized labels for AI-generated and AI-assisted music. The labels’ proposal would require songs be clearly labeled, but it would also keep them off international charts unless they met specific criteria, including being “substantially human made.”
To be eligible, the songs would also have to respect the terms of service of whatever AI service was used, the model would have to have the rights to any data it was trained on, and “not raise stream or chart manipulation concerns.” What sort of concerns and what constitutes “substantially human made” are currently vague. Sony Music, UMG, and Mom+Pop Music did not immediately respond to a request for clarification. The IFPI has thrown its weight behind the labels’ proposal, though no charting organization has signaled any immediate plan to adopt the rules […].
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