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Razer Refreshes The One-Handed Tartarus Pro Keyboard With Improved Switches

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There’s also an analog thumbpad.

Razer just introduced the Tartarus V2 Pro, a refresh of its popular one-handed gaming keyboard thingamajig. This is one of those ergonomic designs that features an adjustable palm rest. It’s also not quite a keyboard in the conventional sense. It includes over 30 keys and buttons, but they’re all programmable. There’s no traditional QWERTY layout here.

In any event, the V2 Pro features several upgrades over its predecessor. The optical switches have been upgraded, the keys have a wider actuation (depth) range and the thumbpad is now an analog TMR design.

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The device also integrates with some new proprietary input controls. Each button can access something called Snap Flex, which lets users attach two keys to a single press. This should make it easier to pull off multi-key actions with consistency.

There’s also Snap Tap, which is pretty much the opposite of Snap Flex. It ensures that two selected keys are never actuated at the same time. This is pretty useful for FPS players who like to strafe, as putting in a reverse directional input at the very moment they stop moving can often lead to both keys accidentally being pushed at once. This can cancel the strafe and leave the avatar standing there motionless like a doofus.

As with the previous version, the Tartarus V2 Pro includes an adjustable wrist-rest. Each key also boasts RGB lighting for custom aesthetics. Finally, each and every of the 31 keys and buttons are fully programmable via the company’s Synapse software. It’s available right now and costs $200.

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America’s infrastructure was already hackable. Then came AI.

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Nearly two decades ago, a group of researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory ran a secret experiment, known as the Aurora Generator Test, on a massive emerald green diesel generator. Using 30 lines of code, they hacked into the generator’s virtual backroom, corrupting safeguards and flipping switches that left it out of sync with the rest of the power grid.

Before an audience of electrical utility executives and energy department officials watching from a nearby room, the 27-ton generator jolted violently, sputtering out a dark smoke as its rubber innards rapidly tore themselves apart.

“The implication was that with just a few lines of code, you can create conditions that were physically going to be very damaging to the machines we rely on,” lead researcher Michael Assante later told the journalist Andy Greenberg for his book Sandworm: A New Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin’s Most Dangerous Hackers. “I had a very real pit in my stomach. It was like a glimpse of the future.”

That future seems to have creeped much closer this week, with leading AI developers and executives casually admitting that they believe their creation is, to paraphrase one winking X post, as likely to end humanity as the New York Jets are to make the playoffs this season. Now, exactly how AI would pull off killing everyone is far murkier territory. But as Assante sensed all those years ago, AI may not need to be all-powerful to leap from its virtual cage and into the critical infrastructure that powers our hospitals, flushes our toilets, and pumps water to our faucets. It just needs to fall into the wrong hands.

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Almost any AI doomsday scenario you can think of begins with a swarm of shadowy bots slithering through cyberspace, poking their noses behind the scenes of power plants, toaster ovens, traffic lights, or even, in an utterly extreme case, our nuclear weapons arsenal. If destroying the Aurora generator, at the very least, required a human hacker to write the code, AI has since completely torn down the barrier to entry for wreaking havoc, as the Hugging Face incident demonstrated earlier this year.

But AI need not go rogue to threaten the power grid or mess with your tap water. A new age of AI-powered, but human-directed hacking is already upon us, experts say. With some of the nation’s most sensitive infrastructure startlingly vulnerable to attack, the most likely AI apocalypse could in fact start with the water tower or generator idling in your backyard. In a worst-case scenario, this could lead to a cascade of scary failures in the systems we rely on to live comfortably modern lives, from running our AC in blazingly hot summers to geolocating our ships and planes.

“Before, you needed to have highly skilled technical expertise,” to pull off some version of a real-life Aurora Generator Test, said Alvaro Cardenas, a computer science professor at UC Santa Cruz. “And now, you just have to have a general idea of what’s possible.”

AI is making an old threat much worse

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Not long after the Idaho National Laboratory hacked that poor generator into combustion, the federal government mandated that electrical utilities engage in basic cybersecurity hygiene.

And yet much of America’s critical infrastructure — like gas pipelines, water desalination plants, or cargo terminals — remains woefully unprepared for even conventional cyber attacks, much less the coming onslaught of AI.

That’s in part because cyberattacks like the one simulated in the Aurora Generator Test have long been — and still are, to some extent — exceedingly rare, unappealing to most criminal hackers because they’re optimized for disruption rather than financial gain. But in the process of making it extremely easy for anyone to code, AI has also made it extremely easy for almost anyone to vibe hack their way into your online bank account, or, in theory, a local reservoir or the power grid. AI agents can also vastly widen the scope on easy targets because, as Andy Bochman, an expert in infrastructure resilience at West Yost, put it — “they don’t sleep; they don’t get tired; and they don’t get sick.”

In the past, even those who did want to launch large-scale attacks on infrastructure probably weren’t savvy enough to do so. And while other nations such as China, Iran, and Russia have indeed already breached many of our infrastructure systems (as we have theirs), they haven’t opted to make much of a ruckus once inside.

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“Geopolitics is eroding the idea that those with capability lack the intent, and AI is eroding the other part of it, that those with the intent lack the capability.”

— Jason Healey, Columbia University cybersecurity scholar

But that norm is now changing, said Jason Healey, a cybersecurity scholar at Columbia University. “Geopolitics is eroding the idea that those with capability lack the intent, and AI is eroding the other part of it, that those with the intent lack the capability,” he told me. So, on the one hand, a nation like Russia might be much more inclined to actually disrupt our power grid now than it used to be. And, on the other hand, a nihilistic lone wolf or terrorist group could use AI to do much more damage than they ever could before.

Just last month, we saw a glimpse of what this could look like when dozens of water and wastewater systems in small towns across the nation were attacked by a group of hackers most likely associated with Iran, leading to temporary water stoppages and flooding. These attacks have not been definitively linked to AI, but the National Security Agency warned soon afterward that hackers have been actively using AI to target US infrastructure like it. A few weeks later, President Donald Trump declared a national emergency over foreign interference in the power grid, which referenced the growing threat of cybersecurity.

Most of the nation’s water systems are extremely local and absurdly exposed to such attacks, so much so that “it’s almost like having a welcome mat” for a would-be hacker, said Bochman, mostly because these utilities are too small and underfunded to do much to stop them. “You have a million other problems to take care of, like aging infrastructure — your stuff’s falling apart because it’s been in the ground for 100 years,” he said. Addressing that deferred maintenance often feels far more urgent than doing “something more on cybersecurity.”

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Whether it’s a rogue cluster of agents or a hostile nation-state trying to mess with our electricity, we should prepare our most important infrastructure for the worst. In Bochman’s view, that may mean rejecting the pressure to digitize everything in the first place and moving toward something that resembles the days when “people manned things like substations, communicated by a landline telephone, and read gauges, the analog things,” he said. “The screen is the thing that is infinitely manipulatable.”

Healey, who advised the Biden administration heavily on cybersecurity and infrastructure, believes that the nation desperately needs a coordinated response, between the federal government and AI companies, but also between the US and other countries like China, where similarly powerful models are being developed. And utility systems need to assume they will be a target and improve their cybersecurity practices accordingly, Healey says, ideally with funding from the federal government or, perhaps more appropriately, AI companies.

Nobody knows precisely how vulnerable America’s infrastructure is to AI right now, in part because policymakers — and perhaps more disturbingly, AI’s creators themselves — seem woefully unsure of how to stop the technology from acting badly (or obeying bad orders) in the first place. For now at least, the solution might be, as Bochman suggests, to pull as many of our critical systems offline as possible, the better to hide it from AI and those who would misuse it.

“When bad things start to happen, no one will know what to do or why because they’re black boxes; the people that make them don’t know what’s going on inside,” Bochman said. “And the poor utility people who ultimately own the risk when someone gets hurt from a system” won’t understand what went wrong either, “and they’ll wish to God they’d never taken it on board.”

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10 Family Vehicles That Were Super Popular In The 80s

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The ’80s were an interesting time for the automobile industry. In the wake of the gas crisis of the 1970s, one would think the Ronald Reagan free-market ’80s would go full tilt into sleek, gas-guzzling designs. To an extent, that kind of happened. You only need to watch any given episode from Miami Vice’s third season to see Don Johnson zipping around in a gorgeous Ferrari Testarossa, or any number of sweet rides every ’80s kid remembers.

However, the decade was also known for big cars with boxy designs, particularly for family cars, the kind of vehicle that generally wasn’t featured on Miami Vice. After all, while the dangerous glitz and glamour of southern Florida might have lent itself to fast sports cars, typical Americans were more concerned with having enough space to get the kids to middle school soccer games and loading up the trunk with groceries. To that end, family vehicles, frumpy though they may have been, dominated the decade.

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Let’s take a look at 10 family vehicles that were super popular in the 1980s. While Sammy Hagar may not have had these vehicles in mind when he wrote “I Can’t Drive 55” in 1984, that’s fine, since you’re probably not going to get these vehicles up to that speed very often. At least, not with the kids in the backseat.

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Ford LTD Crown Victoria Country Squire

Let us be clear: The vehicles on this list are not inherently bad or good. They were simply popular. If you’re a child of the ’80s, either your parents or those of one of your friends surely had a Ford LTD Crown Victoria Country Squire. It was so ubiquitous as the go-to family station wagon that it became the basis for the infamous Wagon Queen Family Truckster in “National Lampoon’s Vacation.” 

While the “Vacation” Family Truckster was a disaster of a vehicle you’d never want to drive in real life, the Ford Country Squire was iconic. When you think of a typical station wagon, this is the vehicle that comes to mind, wood paneling and all.

Running on a V8 with a four-speed transmission, it is not a particularly smooth or fuel-efficient ride, but it’ll get you where you want to go. With its spacious interior, it was a good choice for cross-country family vacations, as long as the driver and navigator planned out a route that hit plenty of gas stations along the way. It was the ’80s, so you had to plan your trip beforehand; you couldn’t just hit the road and figure it out along the way. Thank heavens for MapQuest, right? While the Country Squire was in production in one form or another since 1950, the fact that the line was discontinued in 1991 cements its status as an ’80s icon.

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Chrysler LeBaron Town & Country Station Wagon

The Chrysler K-car platform introduced in 1980 defined the automaker’s vehicles for the decade. Essentially, it meant that different cars were made using a common platform. This meant they used a lot of the same parts, at least deep down underneath, before they were split up and individualized for specific makes and models. The use of a common platform was an attempt by Chrysler to keep costs down and compete with cheaper Japanese competitors.

The Chrysler LeBaron Town & Country station wagon was never intended to be a top-of-the-line model, but what station wagon is? A station wagon is the kind of car you get when you have absolutely no intention of driving in the left lane, if you know what I mean. Even with steps taken to keep prices down, the 1983 LeBaron still cost over $10,000 to start. Not a bad price for an American station wagon. Of course, you could always shell out for more luxury trims, but that wasn’t always an option, especially for working-class families.

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Ultimately, the LeBaron Town & Country station wagon proved popular enough to sit alongside the Crown Vic Country Squire as one of the ‘default’ station wagons of the time, and it’s fondly remembered by children of the era, if not by the parents who had to actually drive it. The Town & Country was discontinued by the end of the decade, replaced by a new minivan with the same name. If the era of the station wagon ended in the ’80s, then the ’90s belonged to minivans.

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Third Generation Toyota Tercel

The big fear among American industrialists in the 1980s was that Japan would rise up to conquer the manufacturing world. After decades without a traditional standing army, the country was free to develop its infrastructure and industries. While that didn’t exactly come to pass thanks to the inevitable burst that happens to every bubble economy, there was no denying that the Japanese economy in the 1980s was tremendously powerful, and that came across in the rising popularity of Japanese cars, a popularity that continues to this day.

In 1986, the third-generation Toyota Tercel debuted in both compact and hatchback variations. While the compact could be a starter family vehicle, multiple kids hitting their teenage years means you’ll probably want to upgrade to the larger hatchback, which is effectively a station wagon.

Tercels of the era were quite inexpensive, with prices starting from just a little over $6,000. That’s less than half the starting price of something like the LTD Crown Victoria, the 1987 model of which started at over $14,000. Given the popularity and price of this Japanese family car, one can understand the fears of those who feared the collapse of the American motor industry. Ultimately, the American automobile industry did fail, but Japan didn’t have anything to do with it. The “Big Three” pretty much did it to themselves… but that’s a story for a different day.

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Chevy Caprice

In the 1960s, the Chevy Caprice was a high-end luxury trim available for the Impala. In the 1980s, when the Impala disappeared for a few years, the Caprice took center stage, serving as a de facto replacement. But where the classic Impala was usually a ‘sleek on the outside, big on the inside’ mega sedan, the 1986 Caprice was available in both station wagon and sedan forms, with the latter referred to as the “Caprice Classic.”

While the sedan was quite spacious, we’re going to look at the station wagon version, which boasted support for eight passengers. It’s a huge car. Even more than most station wagons, the ’86 Caprice looks like a chunky sedan with a massive posterior welded onto the back. Back then, one of these cost between $11,000 and $12,000 or so, a reasonable price for a family vehicle. Of course, any money saved buying this instead of a more expensive vehicle would quickly be spent on gasoline, but such is the nature of American family cars, especially in the ’80s.

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As of this writing, Caprice station wagons have been gone for 30 years. Even with ’80s nostalgia coming back here and there, it’s hard to imagine the Caprice, or any other station wagon, making any kind of significant comeback. In any case, while the station wagon is long gone, the Caprice sedan was a popular car for New York City taxicabs and police cars around the United States.

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Oldsmobile Cutlass

From 1976 to 1983, the Oldsmobile Cutlass was one of the top-selling cars in the United States. The vehicle came in many variations, from two-door coupes to four-door sedans and, of course, massive station wagons for the whole family. Thus, it might be a little unfair to refer to all of these as a single car, but there’s still no denying that the Oldsmobile Cutlass was a household name in the ’70s and ’80s.

The four-door Cutlass sedan models were big enough to carry a whole family on their own with minimal discomfort, but the station wagon was obviously even bigger, and it operated alongside another Oldsmobile station wagon, the Custom Cruiser, another classic 1980s family car.

The GM A-body version of the Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser debuted in 1982, and the final A-body station wagon was the 1996 Buick Century Wagon, which was remarkably similar despite over a decade of auto-evolution. It’s impressive that Oldsmobile was still making station wagons so far into the 1990s, since I can’t imagine many were interested in buying them over a minivan. Perhaps the similarities between the Cutlass Cruiser and Century Wagon reflect the station wagon’s limited but specific sensibilities. You can’t improve on perfection, which is why many classic station wagons looked very similar until they were all replaced by minivans.

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Ford Fiesta

Family cars come in all shapes and sizes. While the United States family car scene was mostly dominated by station wagons, other parts of the world had their own popular vehicles, such as the Ford XR2, better known as the Ford Fiesta.

To a generation of punk rock fans who don’t know anything about cars, the XR2 was immortalized in “David’s XR2,” a song from The Toy Dolls’ 1995 album, “Orcastrated”. The song has the eponymous automobile enthusiast David go on a joyride in his brand-new car, which he promptly flips. If you don’t know what a Ford Fiesta is, you might be expecting it to be a sleek British hot rod or a beefy hunk of American muscle. But it’s not.

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The XR2, introduced in 1983, was an adorably unassuming supermini hatchback. Not a hot rod by any stretch of the imagination. Still, even the original MK1 XR2 was a surprisingly powerful little car, thanks to its light weight and a Kent engine that output 84bhp at 5,500 RPM. Like Han Solo’s Millennium Falcon, “She may not look like much, but she’s got it where it counts.” By 1995, when The Toy Dolls wrote their song about the car, the XR2 had been replaced by the XR3 for more than half a decade, and the XR4 was due to arrive by the end of the year, which just adds to the humor of David being so enthralled by the long-outdated Ford Fiesta XR2.

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Ford Escort

By 1980, the Ford Pinto had developed an unfortunate reputation as a volatile and nigh-spontaneously combustible death trap. As a result, Ford needed a new economy car for the 1980s, which led to the 1981 North American debut of the Ford Escort, touted as Ford’s “World Car” for its international sensibilities and shared design philosophies with Ford’s overseas efforts — which included an Escort nameplate as far back as 1968.

The Ford Escort had multiple variations, including two-door and four-door hatchbacks and even a full-fledged station wagon. The cheapest version had a launch price of just over $5,600, which was a great price for a mid-1980s car. Of course, tons of trim options could bump the price up by several thousand dollars.

Throughout the 1980s, the Escort was revised significantly both aesthetically and under the hood, though the basic shape remained the same until the next-generation version of the car debuted in 1991 (with a 1992 model year). Future generations of the vehicle would move into new stylistic territory away from the core 1980s aesthetic until the car was retired in favor of the new Ford Focus in the early 21st century.

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BMW 3-Series

The second generation of the BMW 3-Series, known as the E30, debuted in 1982. The vehicle was tremendously popular, with around 2.4 million units produced during its lifetime, which ended in 1994. Even today, the car is sought by collectors and automobile enthusiasts for its reliability, utility, and timeless style.

Even the oldest E30s had reasonably powerful, carburetor-fed 316 engines capable of outputting 73 bhp. Different models would boost that bhp to well above 100, with the 325i version outputting a righteous 171bhp thanks to Bosch Motronic automotive voodoo. If you’re looking to buy an E30 nowadays, the 325i is the most desirable version thanks to its lofty specs, though it’s much more expensive now than it was back in the day.

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BMW retired the E30 series in 1990 when the 3-Series shifted to the E36, which was discontinued in 1998. While the BMW 3-Series looks less undeniably ’80s than some of the other cars on this list, its replacement in 1990 affirms its status as a relic of the Reagan years.

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Volvo 240

While boxy sedans might not be as aerodynamic or sleek as today’s cars, they are charming and actually quite spacious on the inside. In the realm of boxy cars, few truly own the look like the Volvo 240. It’s so rigidly angular and aggressively ’80s in its look and shape, it circles back around to feeling timeless, almost like a 1950s family car.

Of course, there was also a station wagon, with each version offering more interior space than you might expect from a car of its type. I’m not saying you should live in the 1989 Volvo 240 station wagon like it’s an RV, but you probably could if you absolutely needed to.

The best part of the 240 was its perceived invincibility. Today, there are Volvo 240 station wagons with a million miles or more still out there on the road, chugging along on little more than solid maintenance. While obviously not every 240 will last that long, this is the kind of car that could potentially last a lifetime, as long as it doesn’t get totaled in an accident.

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Toyota Camry V10

While the aforementioned Japanese takeover of the world never really happened, despite Japan’s history of truly spectacular vehicles, there’s no denying the popularity of Japanese cars, especially Toyota. Today, vehicles like the Camry, the Corolla, and the Prius are exceedingly common sights on the road. Ironically, the Camry, the vehicle with which we’re closing this list, was a tremendously popular export that never achieved the same fame in its home country. In fact, the 2025 Camry VX80 marked the first time a Toyota Camry was made available for export only, despite still being assembled in Japan.

Not including the Toyota Carina variant, the first proper Camry was the V10, which debuted in 1982 for the 1983 model year. Perhaps as a side effect of its front-drive layout, the Camry had a spacious interior. Considering the average American physique, maybe that’s why the Camry was so popular in the United States. I’m not judging; I’m just saying we’re a husky people!

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Anyway, the Camry was light, fuel-efficient, and spacious, which made it the perfect vehicle for those who were environmentally conscious in the aftermath of the energy crisis of the 1970s. Of course, a 1980s Camry doesn’t have the same fuel efficiency as today’s hybrid cars, but the early Camry’s 40+ mpg on the highway is nothing to scoff at, even in 2026.



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Curiosity’s One-Centimeter Footprints on Mount Sharp

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NASA Mars Curiosity Rover Footprints Mount Sharp
Fourteen years after touching down in Gale Crater, Curiosity is still finding surface details that stop its science team mid-plan. In mid-August 2026, during sols 4988 through 4994, the rover paused among layered rocks on the lower slopes of Mount Sharp and photographed a scatter of broad, shallow pits cut into bedrock. One of them, captured by the Mars Hand Lens Imager on the end of the robotic arm on sol 4989, measures about a centimeter across and, from certain angles, looks uncomfortably like a small footprint.


NASA Mars Curiosity Rover Footprints Mount Sharp
Michelle Minitti, the deputy lead investigator on that up-close camera, stated that both work sites that week encountered features that were unlike anything the mission had observed before. You know, ordinary pits appear all across Mars. Weathered rock and other debris simply disintegrates, leaving a gap and a smattering of residual pebbles. These new depressions were much larger and flatter than the ones we’d seen before, and there was no indication of what had caused them to disappear. There is no calling card from the mystery burrower.


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Curiosity basically brought out the big guns to solve the mystery. MAHLI and Mastcam captured images, stereo mosaics, and tight, overlapping frames, allowing the crew to create a very detailed image of each pit’s walls and floor, while ChemCam fired its laser and took remote shots. The chemistry was verified using an Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer. We’re already seeing some fascinating effects, with distinct layers of material inside the pit that don’t quite match the surrounding rock. That is our first real hint.


Mount Sharp is a five-kilometer-high stack of sedimentary rock located in the center of Gale Crater. It is essentially a record of old lakes, rivers, and eventually dry winds. Curiosity has been gently climbing those layers for years, analyzing all the changes in particle size, mineralogy, and color, similar to a geologist exploring the canyon wall on Earth. The pits appeared in Valle Grande, which also features buttes named Cordillera, Tolhuaca, and Potosí. The cross bedding and dark cap material on the buttes already indicated that the circumstances had shifted at some point. The pits merely add to the puzzle, making it much more hard.

No one on the team is treating the shapes as tracks left by an animal. Impact craters of this size and shallowness do not fit either. Wind abrasion, late-stage fluids moving through the rock, or some combination of weathering the rover has not catalogued yet remain on the table. The absence of the usual leftover pebbles is what makes the geometry hard to dismiss as just another nodule hole. Minitti called the bedrock anything but boring and labeled the pits a welcome new puzzle in the stratigraphy. That is scientist language for “we do not have the answer yet, and that is the interesting part.”

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FCC ISM Rules May Shatter Lora Mesh Communities

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Although everyone has their own reasons for exploring a new hobby, one of the driving factors behind the popularity of Meshtastic and MeshCore has been the incredible accessibility offered by off-grid LoRa mesh networks. You don’t need any expensive hardware or a license to get on the air — armed with a $20 microcontroller dev board and open source software, you could be on the mesh in minutes. Then came the really exciting part, seeing who else was out there. The low barrier of entry and ad-hoc nature of these projects meant there was a good chance you’d soon find yourself exchanging messages with other like-minded folks in the area.

Or at least, that’s how it used to be. With the recent revelation that their default radio configurations have potentially been in violation of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) regulations governing amateur usage of the 900 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band, the users and developers of both Meshtastic and MeshCore have been sent scrambling. Getting in compliance isn’t necessarily a technical challenge. In fact, Meshtastic has already introduced changes aimed to address the issue and anyone running the latest alpha release can be sure that their initial radio configuration will meet FCC standards.

But unfortunately, this introduces a new problem. While it’s easy enough to get new installations of Meshtastic and MeshCore operating in a mode that keeps the FCC happy, doing so breaks compatibility with everything that’s already been deployed. The community will be fractured into distinct strata depending on when they first configured their hardware, with an added dash of confusion from the more rebellious users who will undoubtedly refuse to migrate over to the new settings.

What was once easy and accessible has just gotten a whole lot more complicated.

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Wait, Are They Talking About Us?

So how is it that both projects could have gotten as far as they have without realizing that they may be in violation of regulations that date back to the 1980s? It’s actually a bit tricky to nail down the timeline. Nothing has changed recently in the rules, and while it’s possible there were some back-channel discussions, the FCC has made no public acknowledgement of Meshtastic, MeshCore, or the general handling of LoRa mesh networks.

But if we go back to October of last year, we can see the first signs of potential trouble. Issue #945 in the MeshCore GitHub repository points out that the default radio settings in the US for both it and Meshtastic would appear to run afoul of FCC regulation 15.247. Specifically the second paragraph of subsection (a), which dictates the minimum allowed bandwidth. Out of the box MeshCore operates at 62.5 kHz and Meshtastic uses 250 kHz, but the FCC says it needs to be 500 kHz or higher.

The resulting discussion, which spans several hundred messages and is still seeing activity as recently as this week, paints a fascinating picture and illustrates one of the reasons it’s taken so long for the issue to gain traction. Although the text of 15.247 may seem straightforward enough at first glance, there’s always room for interpretation with documents like this.

Some pointed out that subsection (a) states that it is “limited to frequency hopping and digitally modulated intentional radiators,” as evidence that it doesn’t apply as neither project utilizes frequency hopping. Others felt that the rules were only intended for devices with higher output power, and some even expressed a disbelief that the manufacturers would allow the modules to operate in a non-compliant mode in the first place.

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Put simply they couldn’t decide if 15.247 was something they really had to worry about, and without any official word coming down from the FCC, were reluctant to throw the community into turmoil over it.

Philly Does Their Homework

While MeshCore users debated if they should switch over to 500 kHz, many Meshtastic users started exploring alternate radio configurations for a very different reason. Its default 250 kHz mode, known as Long Fast, was never designed for networks with hundreds of radios in an urban environment. Taking advice provided by the developers themselves, operators of large networks such as the one in Philadelphia started testing other modes to see if they would fare any better.

As it so happens, one of the modes tested by the operators of Philly Mesh this summer happened to be Long Turbo, one of the two available modes that utilizes a bandwidth of 500 kHz. Their findings, which have since been widely cited online, were underwhelming to say the least. Part of the problem seems to have been due to bugs which went undiscovered up until that point due to the relatively limited testing of Long Turbo mode. Unfortunately, even after the bugs were addressed upstream, they noted some of the hardware they tested seemed unable to operate properly when switched into 500 kHz mode.

A congested ISM band as seen by a software-defined radio in the heart of Philadelphia

But the biggest problem they encountered was interference from other devices on the ISM band. In a dense urban environment like Philadelphia such interference is essentially unavoidable, but they found that Meshtastic operating at 500 kHz was especially susceptible to the electromagnetic din of the city. From their investigations, they theorize that the narrower bandwidth used by Meshtastic’s default mode was better able to slip through some of the interference, while the wider 500 kHz mode was more likely to collide with other transmissions.

Welcome to the Wild Wild Mesh

Given its poor performance at 250 kHz in an urban environment and the growing concern that anything less than 500 kHz could draw the ire of the Federal Communications Commission, Philly Mesh caused a considerable wave in the community earlier this month when they announced they would be switching to MeshCore.

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While MeshCore was also impacted by interference at the FCC-compliant 500 kHz, during their testing Philly Mesh found that its protocol seemed to handle the situation more gracefully. The announcement also explained that they hadn’t given up on Meshtastic entirely, and that future installations may run both. But at least for the time being, it was determined that MeshCore offered them the best chance of creating a reliable mesh network in Philadelphia — a goal which superseded any loyalty they may have felt to one particular project.

This decision completely shifts the balance of the mesh community in Philadelphia and the surrounding area. Not only will users running older Meshtastic radios set to 250 kHz be unable to communicate with newer installations operating at 500 kHz, but both groups would also be separated from radios that were being switched over to MeshCore — which themselves may also be operating at various bandwidths depending on how they were configured.

One large network which could be accessed by anyone using Meshtastic’s default configuration has now been broken into several factions. In theory everyone could simply start over from scratch and move over to the same configuration, but the potent combination of tribalism and apathy is all but guaranteed to keep many users in their respective niche, kicking off what’s essentially a LoRa turf war.

It’s too early to tell what will become of Philadelphia’s mesh aspirations. There’s little reason to question their analysis of the situation on the ground, and it could very well be that using a custom MeshCore configuration is the best way for them to achieve their stated goals. But it’s still a painful transition, and you can be sure that other large mesh networks in the Northeast and beyond will be keeping an eye on the situation as they consider their own futures.

Featured image: “Meshtastic T-Beam” by [Chiffre01]

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Endless Light Shows Danny MacAskill on a Bosch-Powered Santa Cruz Vala E-Bike in Norway’s Midnight Granite

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Endless Light Danny MacAskill Bosch E-Bike Norway
Scottish rider Danny MacAskill has wanted to experience Norway’s granite slabs for years. This summer he gathered friends, pointed a camera crew north, and spent days on the rock around Narvik while the midnight sun hung in the sky and refused to leave. Bosch eBike Systems backed the short film that came out of that trip, titled Endless Light.



Narvik stands out in Nordland, far north of the Arctic Circle, where fjords cut deep into the mountains and smooth granite hillsides blend smoothly into the scenery like a frozen waterfall. MacAskill and his crew spent three days attacking three named zones that every cyclist in the area is familiar with: Escalator, Superbowl, and Mission Ridge. On this terrain, the rock appears to continue on forever, with water and distant ice glinting tantalizingly just off the edge of the frame.


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He rode the Santa Cruz Vayla(CC), a powerful Bosch Performance Line CX eMTB. With 85 Newton meters of torque and a max output of 600 watts, the bike requires riders to do the work, but the motor does provide them with the ability to keep moving even when they would otherwise be trapped walking all day with a bike on their back. MacAskill believed the motor enabled the crew to cover far more land than they would have been able to on a standard bike, and that the Vayla was the ideal tool for the work in Narvik, making the entire trip a once-in-a-lifetime event.

Endless Light Danny MacAskill Bosch E-Bike Norway
MacAskill continues to do his own thing, even with a motor aid. One sequence has him performing a backward nose manual across a really long slab, which makes your hands sweat just seeing it. Other lines pick their way along a narrow crest before following a long, exposed granite spine flanked by nothing but air. There’s one crazy final run that is so steep that the camera can’t decide whether to follow the rider or go down the slope.

Endless Light Danny MacAskill Bosch E-Bike Norway
They took advantage of having a small crew and some fantastic friends to film in the continuous light of the midnight sun, which meant no frantic quest for the golden hour or wild sprint against the clock to finish filming before dark. The only thing they had to worry about was the slow, steady change in color when the moist stone was saturated by sunlight.

Endless Light Danny MacAskill Bosch E-Bike Norway
The soundtrack for the film includes Max Cooper’s ‘A Model of Reality (Tor Remix),’ which is an excellent pick to accompany the gorgeous film. If you’re wondering how they got all of the gear to the location without causing a logistical disaster, another behind-the-scenes video shows how crazy it was. MacAskill’s own perspective on the project is straightforward: he had always been fascinated by the slabs at Narvik, so he booked the entire thing and invited the people he wanted to experience it with along for the ride.
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Abandoned Paper Mill Gets A New Purpose Bringing Classic Cars Back To Life

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In 2000, after 114 years of operation, a paper mill in Plainwell, MI went bankrupt and shut down. With paper production continuing to decline, it may be surprising to hear that someone purchased the Plainwell Paper Mill and that it will operate once more after 25 years. However, it won’t be making paper — the mill has become home to the Michigan Classic Auto Mill, which will restore, store, and sell classic vehicles. This feels like a fitting business for a historical building with a lot of connections to locals in town. It felt so right, in fact, that the city sold the 255,000-square-foot property to Darius and Rimante Grigaliunas for just $1.  

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Plainwell City Manager Justin Lakamper said that the new classic car company will be “a huge thing” for the city, which makes sense: Michigan is home to the number one car city in the country. Plainwell has been debating what to do with the old paper mill for decades. Now, former employees and the public are invited to the grand opening of the Michigan Classic Auto Mill on Saturday, October 3, complete with a polka band and beer garden. 

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Plans for the Michigan Classic Auto Mill

While the Grigaliunas only purchased the property for $1, they signed a contract that requires them to fix up the property within a certain time period. Plainwell residents themselves, Darius and Rimante are excited to revitalize the property as self-proclaimed “massive environmentalists.” They previously purchased the Wurlitzer Piano plant in Illinois, which was in a state of disrepair. The duo restored it and transformed it into the Classic Auto Factory, which now stores between 75 and 175 vehicles over 20 years old — and it takes a lot of special care to properly store a classic vehicle. 

For the Grigaliunas, buying the old paper mill and turning it into the Michigan Classic Auto Mill is not just about making some money — they view it as a “redemption project” for the town. On top of storing and selling classic cars, Girgaliunas envisions a possible restaurant and indoor athletic facility with batting cages. The plan is quite flexible based on what the Plainwell community wants, but the first step is to get the core business up and running so they can start creating some job opportunities. Noted Grigaliunas: “We only want local people working on the building. People from Kalamazoo, Plainwell, and Grand Rapids. I’m here to build relationships with the locals. We’re going to rebuild this and reopen this mill together.”

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Signal wants to make phone numbers optional without giving spammers a free pass

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Signal is finally letting people sign up without handing over their phone numbers, but it’ll cost $3. The option is rolling out in the Android 8.28 beta, removing a longstanding registration requirement for people who’d rather keep their phone numbers private.

It’s a one-time payment, not a subscription. Signal says the fee is meant to discourage spammers from creating accounts in bulk, while its payment system prevents purchases from being directly linked to the accounts they create.

Why is Signal charging for privacy

Removing the phone number requirement could make it easier for spammers to create accounts at scale. Charging for each registration makes that considerably more expensive without forcing people to provide a phone number. Signal has also introduced separate protections against phishing and fraudulent profiles.

The fee is $3 in the US, although prices may differ by country. Registering with a phone number remains free, so existing users aren’t suddenly being asked to pay for Signal.

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Signal also hasn’t committed to keeping the price at $3. If numberless accounts become a significant source of spam, the company may increase the fee to discourage mass registration.

How does Signal keep payments private

Paying for an account introduces an awkward privacy question. A purchase could potentially create a link between someone’s payment information and the account they’re trying to keep separate from their identity.

Signal uses the same zero-knowledge proof system behind its donations to prevent that connection. The company can process the purchase without directly associating it with the resulting account.

Payment anonymity is only one aspect of privacy, though. Notification previews can still expose Signal messages through a device’s operating system, depending on its settings.

There’s a catch for anyone using an Android device without Google Play Services. Payments currently go through Google Play, so those devices aren’t supported. Signal plans to introduce additional payment methods, although it hasn’t provided a timeline.

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What should users know before signing up

Numberless accounts come with a strict recovery system. Signal provides an Account ID and Account Key, and losing either means permanently losing access. There’s no recovery mechanism, so saving both in a password manager is essential.

Existing users can’t remove phone numbers from their accounts yet, either. Anyone hoping to switch an existing account to the new system will have to wait while Signal considers whether to support that option.

For additional protection, Signal also offers a built-in screen lock and other privacy controls, although these won’t help recover a lost Account ID or Account Key.

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How has AI contributed to the deconstruction of the ‘career ladder’ model?

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Pluralsight’s Beckey Woodard Cole discusses how advancements in technology have transformed the way modern day employees expect to climb the career ladder.

The career ladder is exactly what it sounds like. It is a workplace model that enables people to start out on what is essentially the bottom rung of an organisation and bit by bit, step by step, you work your way upwards, towards the role and career that you want. 

In the days of old, people who had skill but perhaps not the necessary qualifications or experience, could find themselves, in just a few years, with the title and job they truly wanted by virtue of their hard work, dedication and achievements. So for many it was a system that rewarded commitment. 

But, according to Beckey Woodard Cole, the chief people officer at Pluralsight, artificial intelligence is changing how professionals engage with the career ladder, to the extent that the system is becoming obsolete. 

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She told SiliconRepublic.com, “AI now handles the repeatable, rules-based work that used to sit at the bottom rungs of a technical career such as basic scripting, routine data checks, first-pass code review. That was how junior engineers built credibility before moving into senior, judgement-heavy work. 

“With that first rung gone, people move sideways into adjacent disciplines. This can look like a data analyst picking up prompt engineering or a support engineer moving into AI operations since that’s where the gaps sit. 

“Career progression is now defined by what someone can do with a model and a problem and is less about tenure within a job level. That also means we need direct ways to confirm technical ability at every level. Titles and tenure tell us less than measurable outputs.”

Pros and cons

According to Woodard Cole, the deconstruction of traditional models can be a positive for professionals whose real value shines through when work is organised around skills rather than fixed roles. Instead of a project falling into the hands of an employee who has the right title, companies can instead draw on the talents of people with the relevant skills, regardless of their current title. 

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She said, “This surfaces talent that a rigid role structure would have missed entirely and it lets people develop new capability by working on problems outside their formal remit rather than waiting for a role change to justify it.”

The downside, she explains, is that it often takes time and effort to reestablish the infrastructure that creates standard job and role definitions when moving to a skills-based, internal marketplace approach. 

She added, “This approach to HR took years to settle into and changing that model means taking on the massive job of overhauling the infrastructure itself. It takes real time to build a skills taxonomy detailed enough to match people to work accurately, and to get people comfortable being evaluated on a skills profile instead of a job description they’ve held for years.”

Woodard Cole also noted the importance of not isolating older employees who are used to a more standard career ladder-based system. In dismantling a traditional workplace system, more tenured professionals may feel displaced, particularly if they have committed years to earning titles and broadening a skillset.  

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She said, “Treating tenured workers as a valuable part of the knowledge ecosystem is crucial when traditional hierarchies break down. Putting these people in mentoring roles and acknowledging their internal expert status can also help tenured employees to feel valued. 

“In addition, executives and other top company leaders should encourage middle management to play the role of player coach, helping to develop talent from within. Pay tied to skill depth rather than tenure matters too and top performers should always be rewarded for their contributions.”

Out with the old

Woodard Cole predicts a working landscape in which organisations develop a ladder-based system more akin to a lattice design, than a straight upward line. She explained, career progression rarely moves in one direction nowadays and employers need to recognise the value of non-linear career decisions.

She said, “ A move sideways into a new discipline, a step back into an individual contributor role after a stint leading a team, a stretch project in an adjacent function, all of these count as progression now, not detours from it. The model that I see having the most staying power ties advancement to what someone can prove, not what a title implies. 

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“People either move up or take on lateral roles by pointing to a specific outcome, a system that cut processing time, a migration that came in under budget, rather than time served in a role. Progression looks less like a promotion cycle and more like a portfolio of solved problems, each one verified rather than self-reported.”

When it comes down to it, for Woodard Cole, a title is only representative of a point in time, whereas a skill describes the abilities someone has in the moment.  

She said, “In technical fields that gap has grown wider. A senior developer title from three years ago says little about someone’s grasp of current AI tooling, security practice, or data infrastructure. 

“Employers also face shortages in specific skills, certain cloud platforms, security disciplines, machine learning specialisations and a title-based search misses people who built that skill through a side project or a role with a different name entirely. Verification is the harder part now. 

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“AI tools make it easy to polish a CV to match the posting description or produce ready answers to interview questions, so a document alone tells a hiring manager less than it used to. Skill has to be tested directly, a practical coding exercise, a live technical interview, a portfolio someone can walk through and defend. These metrics will help leaders anticipate the impact that someone will have in their role.”

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Bose Doubles Down on Open-Ear Audio With Ultra Open 2nd Gen and Sport Open Earbuds

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Bose is expanding its open ear audio lineup with two new models for October 1: the $199 Sport Open Earbuds and $299 Ultra Open Earbuds 2nd Gen. One is aimed squarely at runners, workouts and outdoor use, while the other updates Bose’s flagship cuff-style design with deeper bass, greater output, clearer calls, longer battery life and an expanded Immersive Audio experience.

The timing makes sense. For years, the personal audio industry has worked very hard to convince us that the ideal listening experience involves sticking something into our ear canals and blocking out as much of the outside world as possible. Judging by the enormous popularity of true wireless earbuds and increasingly aggressive noise cancellation, most of us apparently agreed that hearing absolutely nothing around us was a feature.

Open ear audio is gaining traction because there are plenty of situations where that approach makes very little sense. Runners and cyclists need to hear traffic. Commuters standing on subway platforms may want to hear announcements — or notice what is happening three feet behind them. Early morning and dusk walks are another obvious example where situational awareness matters considerably more than squeezing another few decibels of isolation out of your earbuds.

There is also the comfort factor. Open ear designs avoid sealing the ear canal, which can make them easier to wear for extended periods for listeners who dislike the pressure, heat or plugged-up sensation of conventional earbuds. They are not designed to replace noise-cancelling models on a long flight or when your neighbor decides that 7:00 a.m. is prime leaf-blower time, but that increasingly misses the point.

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Bose has been working on this concept for years, from SoundWear and Bose Frames to the original Ultra Open Earbuds. With the new Sport Open Earbuds and second-generation Ultra Open Earbuds, Bose is making a much clearer bet that open ear audio is no longer a niche experiment.

Bose Sport Open Earbuds: Same Name, Completely Different Product

bose-sport-open-earbuds-colors-2026

The $199 Bose Sport Open Earbuds revive a name Bose used from 2021 through 2023, but this is not a warmed-over version of the original. The old model used a large contoured ear hook; the 2026 version switches to a soft silicone C-arm cuff that anchors around the ear and is designed specifically for running, workouts and outdoor use. Bose has also moved from IPX4 protection on the original to IP54, adding dust resistance along with protection against sweat and splashes. 

Bose OpenAudio uses custom dynamic drivers to direct sound toward the ear without sealing the canal or relying on bone conduction. Auto Volume automatically compensates as environmental noise changes, while textured physical buttons handle playback, calls and volume. That might sound decidedly old-school until you try operating capacitive touch controls with sweaty fingers halfway through a run. 

The new SpeechClarity system is another important addition. Bose uses a dedicated microphone and voice pickup unit in each earbud with AI-enhanced processing designed to separate speech from surrounding noise. That matters considerably more on a busy street or train platform than it does while taking a call from the sofa. 

Battery life drops slightly from eight hours on the original model to seven hours, but the charging arrangement is dramatically better. The 2021 Sport Open Earbuds came with a protective case and separate stationary charging base; the new case carries additional power and supports wireless charging, with up to 22 additional hours available away from an outlet. 

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These are clearly the pair for runners, gym users, cyclists and anyone whose listening happens while moving. Bose skips Immersive Audio, Cinema Mode and aptX Adaptive and focuses instead on fit, durability and straightforward stereo playback.

bose-sport-open-earbuds-lifestyle-black

Bose Sport Open Earbuds Specifications

  • Price: $199
  • Design: Soft silicone C-arm cuff
  • Audio: Bose OpenAudio with custom dynamic drivers
  • Listening: Stereo
  • ANC: None
  • Auto Volume: Yes
  • Calls: Bose SpeechClarity
  • Protection: IP54
  • Controls: Textured physical buttons
  • Bluetooth: 5.4
  • Multipoint: Two devices
  • Codecs: SBC, AAC
  • Google Fast Pair: Yes
  • Battery: Up to 7 hours
  • Case: Up to 22 additional hours; wireless charging
  • Quick charge: 10 minutes for up to 1 hour
  • EQ: Adjustable three-band EQ through Bose app
  • Colors: Black, White Smoke, limited-edition Eucalyptus Green
  • Availability: October 1; preorders September 19

Google Find Hub, Alexa+ and an Apple Music shortcut are planned through a post-launch firmware update. 

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Bose Ultra Open Earbuds 2nd Gen: More Than a Cosmetic Refresh

bose-ultra-open-earbuds-2nd-gen-colors-2026

The $299 Ultra Open Earbuds 2nd Gen retain the cuff architecture of the original, but Bose has concentrated on the areas that mattered most: bass response, maximum output, call quality, battery life and charging.

A newly engineered driver is designed to deliver deeper bass and greater volume, while SpeechClarity tackles one of the more obvious limitations of wearing an open ear design in noisy environments. Auto Volume carries over from the original, and Bose has refined the hardware with a simplified flexible joint and beveled metallic cap. 

The biggest new listening feature is Cinema Mode, which uses Bose TrueSpatial processing to widen the presentation of movies, television and podcasts while keeping dialogue centered. It works with content from any source rather than requiring a particular spatial-audio format. 

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Battery life increases to 9 hours, or 5 hours with Immersive Audio enabled. The original Ultra was rated at launch for up to 7.5 hours, or 4.5 hours with Immersive Audio. The redesigned case stores another 19.5 hours and finally includes wireless charging as standard. 

There is one meaningful omission. The original Ultra Open Earbuds can work with compatible Bose Smart Soundbars through Personal Surround, effectively adding individualized side and rear information while the soundbar handles the front of the presentation. 

The Ultra Open Earbuds 2nd Gen do not support Personal Surround.

Cinema Mode does not replace it. Cinema Mode processes content within the earbuds; Personal Surround integrates the original Ultra Open Earbuds with a Bose soundbar. Existing owners who use that setup have a legitimate reason to stick with what they already own.

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The new Ultras make more sense for commuters, office users and listeners who want something comfortable enough to wear for long stretches while remaining connected to what is happening around them.

bose-ultra-open-2nd-gen-earbuds-lifestyle-sky-pink

Bose Ultra Open Earbuds 2nd Gen Specifications

  • Price: $299
  • Design: Refined open ear cuff
  • Audio: Bose OpenAudio with newly engineered driver
  • Listening: Stereo, Immersive Audio, Cinema Mode
  • Spatial processing: Bose TrueSpatial with head tracking
  • ANC: None
  • Auto Volume: Yes
  • Calls: Bose SpeechClarity
  • Bluetooth: 5.4
  • Protection: IPX4
  • Multipoint: Two devices
  • Codecs: SBC, AAC, aptX Adaptive with Snapdragon Sound
  • Google Fast Pair: Yes
  • Battery: Up to 9 hours
  • Immersive Audio battery: Up to 5 hours
  • Case: Up to 19.5 additional hours; wireless charging
  • Total playback: Up to 28.5 hours
  • Quick charge: 10 minutes for up to 2 hours
  • EQ: Adjustable three-band EQ
  • Personal Surround: No
  • Colors: Black, White Smoke, limited-edition Cherry Chocolate, Olive Green and Sky Pink
  • Availability: October 1, 2026; preorders September 19

Bose Open Earbuds: Old vs. New

Feature Sport Open
(2021)
Sport Open
(2026)
Ultra Open (2024) Ultra Open
2nd Gen (2026)
Launch Price $199 $199 $299 $299
Fit Contoured ear hook C-arm cuff Cuff Refined cuff
Battery 8 hours 7 hours 7.5 hours 9 hours
Immersive Audio Yes Yes
Cinema Mode Yes
Auto Volume Yes Yes Yes
SpeechClarity Yes Yes
aptX Adaptive Yes Yes
Wireless Charging Yes Yes
IP Rating IPX4 IP54 IPX4 IPX4
Personal Surround Yes No

The original Sport used Bluetooth 5.1, provided eight hours of battery life and required a stationary charging base. The first-generation Ultra introduced the cuff design, Bose Immersive Audio, Auto Volume, IPX4 protection and aptX Adaptive. 

bose-ultra-open-2nd-gen-vs-sport-open-earbuds-2026
Left: Bose Ultra Open 2nd Gen | Right: Bose Sport Open

The Bottom Line

Bose is not offering the same open ear product at two price points. The Sport Open Earbuds ($199) are the purpose-built option for running, workouts and outdoor use, with a more secure design, IP54 protection, physical controls and a much more practical charging system than the original Sport model.

The Ultra Open Earbuds 2nd Gen ($299) are the more ambitious everyday option. Deeper bass, greater output, improved calls, longer battery life, wireless charging and Cinema Mode address most of the obvious areas where Bose could improve the original.

Personal Surround is the odd casualty. Owners who use the original Ultras with a Bose Smart Soundbar should pay attention before upgrading. Everyone else now has a much clearer choice: Sport for moving, Ultra for everything that happens after the workout.

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Price & Availability

Both new Open Earbuds will be available for pre-order on Saturday, September 19th and will start shipping on October 1, 2026.

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Tesla’s archrival BYD just launched an EV that goes over 300 miles and costs around $11K

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Another new Chinese EV has just dropped with pricing that makes American EV pricing look way too expensive. The Chinese automaker has launched the 2027 Yuan UP Feichi Edition, sold overseas as the Atto 2, with a new version capable of traveling up to 501km, or about 311 miles, on China’s CLTC test cycle.

The refreshed lineup starts at just 74,800 yuan, roughly $11,150, while eligible Chinese buyers can push the effective entry price down to 69,800 yuan, around $10,400, with a trade-in subsidy.

Even the higher-mileage variants are reasonable

The new 501km model starts at 94,800 yuan, approximately $14,140, while a better-equipped version costs 104,800 yuan, around $15,630. Those figures are still remarkably low for an electric crossover with this much claimed range.

The 501km figure is also based on the optimistic CLTC cycle, so don’t read it as equivalent to 311 EPA miles. The longer-range versions use a new 51.13kWh Blade Battery, compared with 32kWh and 45.12kWh packs in the 301km and 401km models. Charging from 30% to 80% takes a claimed 30 minutes.

BYD sacrificed some power to get there

Every 2027 Yuan UP now uses the same front-mounted 70kW (94hp) motor producing 180Nm of torque. Previous models were also available with a substantially stronger 130kW motor, so BYD has clearly prioritized efficiency, simplicity, and price over outright performance this time around.

For the interiors, BYD is offering a 12.8-inch rotating touchscreen, an 8.8-inch driver’s display, heated and ventilated front seats, a panoramic roof, 50W wireless charging, and BYD’s DiPilot C driver-assistance suite on selected variants. Folding the rear seats expands cargo space to 1,320 liters.

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Just like always, there is no word on an official US launch, so these Chinese prices shouldn’t be treated as what the car would cost if it ever reached America. BYD’s existing European Atto 2 is also configured differently, with more power and different battery options.

Even so, a roughly $14,000 electric crossover claiming more than 300 miles is another reminder of just how aggressive China’s EV market has become.

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