SCIENCE

Engineers make progress in stabilizing mission but push back the rendezvous date

Katalyst Space has confirmed that problems with its LINK spacecraft have delayed its attempt to rescue NASA’s Swift observatory, with rendezvous now targeted for the end of August.

Katalyst disclosed the delay in an update on the spinning spacecraft. Engineers used a thruster to cut LINK’s rotation rate from 9 degrees per second to approximately 4 degrees per second, with further burns planned.

Katalyst and NASA are also developing a new attitude controller suited to the spacecraft’s reduced capabilities. Engineers are determining which systems remain usable and testing their plans in a simulator before trying them on the vehicle in orbit.

The trouble has pushed the targeted rendezvous to the end of August. LINK is supposed to sidle up to Swift, survey it, grapple the observatory, and carry it to a higher orbit. For now, however, Katalyst says: “We’re focused on stabilizing the spacecraft and restoring core system functionality.” Any rendezvous attempt depends on that work succeeding.

LINK launched earlier this month, less than a year after NASA awarded Katalyst Space the contract for a rescue mission. The spacecraft encountered problems during commissioning before going into a spin over the weekend. Earlier this week, Katalyst reported that two of the three reaction wheels, used to control LINK’s attitude, were inoperable, but the team was working to stabilize the vehicle using its electric propulsion thrusters.

Time is running short. Swift is expected to enter the Earth’s atmosphere in the coming months. The observatory has enjoyed a prodigiously long life and far exceeded its primary mission, but its orbit is decaying and it cannot raise itself. LINK’s success could add years to Swift’s operational lifetime.

In January, almost all of NASA’s models predicted that Swift would re-enter by the summer of 2026. Most science operations were paused in February to buy more time. More recent predictions indicate that it could dip below 300 km, the altitude beneath which raising its orbit becomes more difficult, around November.

Katalyst must now stabilize LINK, secure NASA’s approval for its revised plans, and reach Swift before the observatory sinks too low for a practical rescue. ®

from the moderating-in-public dept

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

This year, Wikipedia is celebrating 25 years as the Internet’s encyclopedia that anyone can edit. In its first decade, the quirky experiment for passionate nerds exploded in popularity. It became a ubiquitous information resource and a homework helper for schoolkids, much to the dismay of skeptical teachers.

In its second decade, amid the public’s growing dissatisfaction with the mangling of facts in popular discourse, it took on a new role as information infrastructure, helping categorize and validate information worldwide. Wired magazine deemed it “the last best place on the internet.” The hope was that the volunteer project could serve as the antidote for misinformation. Platforms from Facebook and Twitter to Alexa and YouTube began embedding Wikipedia material to ensure that users had context for what they read or saw.

That role has become more acute in recent years. Artificial intelligence developers have relied deeply on Wikipedia to train the large language models behind popular chatbots, which weight clean, reasonably reliable information sources more heavily than the rest of the web. Chatbots and AI-powered search engines have intensified Wikipedia’s significance, even as they siphon its readers by answering questions directly, with fewer people going to the source site itself.

But as Wikipedia’s importance – and size – has grown, the size of the volunteer corps that maintains it has not, and the number of volunteer administrators, a key moderation role, has shrunk.

I’m a researcher who studies social media platforms. I analyzed two decades of the site’s moderation records to understand the effect of these conditions. I found changes in behavior that appear to prioritize content quality while weakening the project’s ability to recruit and retain new volunteers.

Under pressure

As Wikipedia has become more prominent, its resistance to top-down control has made it a target for people who have political or financial power. There is frequent news about takedown demands and censorship abroad, investigations and threats to its nonprofit status in the U.S., and, outside the U.S., volunteers have been arrested and imprisoned.

The Wikipedia community is also sensitive to its rising importance, but not in the way you might think. Contributors are keenly aware of political rhetoric that takes aim at their project or threatens volunteers. But the chief effect on volunteers has been a sense of heightened obligation to their global readership, which has gradually increased quality standards.

As a longtime volunteer myself, I’m often taken by the community’s perseverance and the people’s desire, above all, to get on with their work of summarizing the world’s knowledge.

The English language Wikipedia has maintained a reasonably steady number of contributors since 2010 – about 40,000 – yet its size and importance have grown. In 2006, it contained 1 million articles; in May 2025, it passed 7 million. A new issue is an influx of low-quality content generated by large language models.

The steady decrease in administrators is especially concerning. Administrators are a subset of trusted users, elected by the community at large, who are given powers such as the ability to delete articles or block users from editing. Unlike moderators at for-profit platforms, Wikipedia cannot simply hire more administrators. There are slightly more than 800, down from almost 1,800 in 2011, and they’re not all active.

So Wikipedia’s role has grown, but it is held together by a relatively small, shrinking community of unpaid volunteers. To keep up, the community in general and administrators in particular have had to raise their efficiency, making trade-offs between maintaining open participation and raising article quality. These trends and their costs are well documented. They are clearly visible in one of the basic administrator routines: blocking.

Shown the door

Blocking is when an administrator determines that a user is so detrimental to the project that they must be prevented from making any further edits. The blocked user can still read Wikipedia, but cannot change it.

Unlike the opaque moderation systems at the large internet platforms that I normally study as a researcher, such as YouTube or TikTok, nearly every administrative action on Wikipedia is recorded in a public log. I used these logs for a study analyzing all 20 million blocks made on the English language Wikipedia over the past two decades. I looked for patterns in frequency, duration and reasons for a block. I also assessed whether those patterns corresponded to the growing trade-offs between openness and quality.

I found that the frequency of blocks has risen sharply in recent years due to administrators using bots to preemptively block proxies. Proxies are services such as virtual private networks, or VPNs, that people use to conceal their identity, often to facilitate abuse or manipulation on Wikipedia. One of these bots, ST47ProxyBot, was so active that it accounted for the most blocks in the site’s history. Preemptive proxy blocking likely prevents damage, but it can also occasionally stop good-faith contributors. Given the increasing popularity of AI agents and their disruptive potential, this practice is likely to continue to expand.

I then removed proxy blocks from the analysis so I could focus on humans who were blocked and why. In the early years, administrators made the majority of blocks for vandalism: intentionally bad or nonsensical edits. That has shrunk to about a quarter of all blocks today. Blocks have risen for promotional editing and for sockpuppetry — when one person creates multiple accounts to manipulate content. These shifts speak to Wikipedia’s increased prominence as a target for influence.

Signs of stress

What I found most interesting was administrators’ greater use of generalized reasons for blocking, such as “disruption.” Wikipedia defines disruption as “a pattern of editing that disrupts progress toward improving an article or building the encyclopedia.” But citing this can mean nearly anything seen as counterproductive. The trend is partly explained by “disruption” being in a list of boilerplate rationales that administrators can choose from instead of entering a customized reason.

But it’s also the kind of trend I would expect to see in a labor force stretching to keep up. Administrators don’t act arbitrarily, and their actions are publicly logged and closely scrutinized. A loss of trust leads to an administrator losing their position. But to be effective, general explanations for blocks rely on shared understandings that new users may not have. Research on blocked users shows that when a sanction feels vague or unfair, volunteers are more likely to walk away – or dig their heels in – rather than reform. Good for efficiency; bad for bringing new users into the fold.

Blocks are also lasting longer on average. That, together with preemptive blocking and generalized rationales, suggests that the volunteer community is increasingly prioritizing prevention, efficiency and content quality over efforts to rehabilitate new users.

And the work is not spread evenly among the roughly 800 administrators: For many years, the most active 10% of administrators have made about 80% of the blocks. That high number dropped to 37% in 2024, largely due to changed activity by a single prolific administrator.

Bearing the cost

Wikipedia’s openness is part of how its volunteer community grew in the first place. Now that Wikipedia has become infrastructure, that community is rationing openness to preserve quality for readers. If Cory Doctorow’s zeitgeist-capturing idea of platform “enshittification” is fundamentally about ruining the experience of end users for the sake of the shareholders, Wikipedia is attempting something like the opposite. The end-user experience is being preserved, and the people behind the scenes are bearing the cost.

Wikipedia has adapted remarkably well in its evolution from early web experiment to one of the most important global sources of information. The open question, for a resource that so many humans – and now machines – rely on, is how long the volunteer system can keep enduring the cost.

Ryan McGrady is Senior Research Fellow at the Initiative for Digital Public Infrastructure, UMass Amherst

Filed Under: bans, content moderation, moderation, wikipedia, wikis

Companies: wikimedia foundation, wikipedia

• Cloudflare summary logs a typhoon, two earthquakes, power failures, and thirteen government exam shutdowns
• It also identified a fiber cut, drone damage to an AWS region, and a botched DNSSEC key rollover
• The report’s sharpest finding is that Tanzania’s accidental power blackout looked almost identical in the data to its deliberate election-day shutdown in 2025

Cloudflare has published its latest account of what recently knocked chunks of the Internet offline, and the list reads like a catalogue of everything that can go wrong at once: a typhoon, two earthquakes a minute apart, a national power failure, ten government shutdowns timed to school exams, a fiber cut, drone damage to a cloud region, and a routine cryptographic key update that briefly made every .de website in the world unreachable.

Drawn from traffic telemetry on Cloudflare Radar, it is a useful reminder that the systems most people treat as a utility are held together by a surprisingly small number of things.

from the yet-another-vindictive-prosecution dept

Donald Trump swore he could turn the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool into something he could use to bask in his own reflected glory. Instead, it turned out to be everything we expect from Trump: braggadocio followed by abject failure.

Trump hired some guys he used to do some stuff to his personal pool(s) back in the day. It was a no-bid contract — one that was immediately extolled by Trump as Great Stuff. According to Trump, his personal cabana boys could get the job done right, on time, and under budget.

None of that happened. His boys took to the pool repair, doing their level best to behave like government contractors. Trump then did a Glory Roll across the unfinished sealant with his motorcade to show off for the boys back at the White House. A week or so later, the pool was refilled. For a brief moment, it showed off the “American flag blue” Trump thought was missing from the original fixture. Then it turned into a blend of algae and peeling sealant.

Instead of pulling out his receipts and asking his pool boys whether this reflecting pool refurb was still under warranty, Trump claimed the floating chunks of blue sealant bobbing around in the green muck was the work of vandals. And, of course, he had political appointees willing to press this point on his behalf. Jeanine Pirro — the US Attorney for the District of Columbia — got right on it, arresting former Olympic canoeist David Hearn on felony vandalism charges.

Pirro alleged Hearn had damaged “two square feet of sealant.” Well, it takes $1,000 to make vandalism charges a federal felony. While this damage estimate is subject to federal no-bid contract markup, taking someone down for doing two square feet of damage is insane, especially when Trump is still out there claiming vandals cut a 150-350 foot gash into the pool sealant.

Trump also promised there was proof of his wild allegations — something that would presumably show up as the DOJ attempted to turn vandalism arrests into federal indictments.

Well, the DOJ managed to secure an indictment against David Hearn. And it managed to do this despite its own witness stating the pool was already fucked before Hearn decided to put his hands on end results of this damage:

A key grand jury witness in a case against a former Olympic canoeist accused of tampering with the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool testified that the area was already damaged and would have required repairs regardless, lawyers said in a court filing Monday.

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The witness, who is not identified, was the only person who testified about damages, and said that the property had already been damaged before, authorities say, Hearn stuck his hands in the water, according to Hearn’s team.

Now, for those of you unaware of how grand jury proceedings work (and especially for those MAGA folks who like to show up and be deliberately ignorant), we’ll break this down quickly. A grand jury is not like a regular jury. Its sole purpose is to decide whether or not the government has enough evidence to support an indictment. The accused person is not there, nor are they represented by the lawyers. This is completely non-adversarial. And YET, the government’s witness testified to the grand jury that the pool was already damaged before the accused even arrived on the scene of the alleged crime.

What’s absolutely wild is that the DOJ still got its indictment despite this damning testimony from its own witness. Welcome to Trump Town, I guess. But we’ll see how long this indictment lasts. Hearn’s legal reps have filed a motion demanding copies of grand jury documents because it’s pretty fucking clear some bullshit must have been pulled to get Hearn indicted even though a government witness testified that the pool was already in shambles.

Lawyers for David Hearn, a 67-year-old who represented the United States at three Olympic Games, submitted a court filing seeking access to transcripts of the grand jury testimony as well as the instructions given to the panel that ultimately indicted Hearn, claiming that there were “irregularities” in the proceedings that led to the indictment. 

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In the filing, Hearn’s legal team suggests that the jury was not “properly instructed” on the crime Hearn stands accused of, noting specifically that felony destruction of property requires the perpetrator to have caused $1,000 or more of damage. The attorneys pointed to the testimony of the federal government’s own witness, an official from the National Park Service, who suggested that the pool was damaged long before Hearn interacted with the pool and that repairs were already being sought.

The full filing [PDF] by Hearn’s legal team is embedded below. It’s worth a read. And I certainly hope the judge grants this motion because if it contains the sort of stuff these accusations suggest it the documents might contain, this won’t be the first time the Trump administration has been caught cheating even though the process already allows the government to put its prosecutorial thumb on the scales.

Filed Under: asshats, david hearn, dc, department of interior, donald trump, jeanine pirro, reflecting pool, trump administration