Crypto World
Vitalik Buterin outlines Ethereum’s privacy measures. Here is what it actually means
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin on Wednesday outlined near-term steps the network is taking to bring privacy onchain, a feature institutions highlighted at Consensus Hong Kong as necessary for widespread institutional adoption of the blockchain technology.
Buterin’s X post was technically dense but pointed to a simple fact: the world’s largest smart contract blockchain is moving to make private transactions a feature of the network, not a workaround provided by third-party tools.
The post comes as the Ethereum Foundation, the non-profit organization that supports the blockchain’s network and ecosystem, faces a wave of high-profile departures amid an internal transition tied to a new organizational mandate to redefine its role within Ethereum.
The three new short-term initiatives are: Account abstraction (AA) and FOCIL, Keyed nonces and access layer work. Each of the three adds a different layer of privacy to Ethereum.
Here is what each one actually does:
Uncensorable private transactions
As of now, if a user sends a private transaction on Ethereum via crypto mixers such as Tornado Cash, it first goes into the public memory pool (mempool), a sort of waiting area visible to everyone on the network. Imagine dropping a letter into a post office where every worker can read the address before finalizing which one to move for delivery.
Similarly, Ethereum entities that decide which transactions make it into each block can see those transactions and exclude them, which amounts to censorship.
FOCIL, or fork-choice enforced inclusion lists, makes censorship harder by allowing a committee of validators to propose a list of transactions that block builders are expected to include. Ignoring these transactions can lead to the block being rejected by the network. This way, it becomes difficult to censor transactions.
Meanwhile, account abstraction upgrades how Ethereum accounts work. Today, most Ethereum users rely on externally owned accounts (EOAs) via apps like a basic MetaMask, Trust Wallet, or Coinbase Wallet, each controlled by a single private key. If a user loses that key, they lose access to their funds.
Account abstraction enables all accounts to behave like programmable smart contracts, providing features such as multi-signature approvals and social recovery. It also lets apps or friends pay a user’s transaction fees.
Keyed ‘nonces’
Every Ethereum account has a nonce, a number used once. It acts as a running tally of all proposed transactions, increasing by 1 with each new transaction sent. This setup helps prevent the same transaction from being repeated on the network.
It’s like getting a sequentially numbered ticket at a food counter. But it comes with a problem. Even if an order is private, anyone watching can see that ticket #5 and ticket #6 came from the same person. On Ethereum, this sequential nonce allows observers to link transactions to the same account, even if the transactions are private and their contents are hidden.
The fix for that is keyed nonces. This replaces the single counter with a structure that comprises a nonce key and a nonce sequence, giving each account multiple separate ticket counters for different types of activities. This makes it harder to track the transaction trail and correlate them onchain.
“This replaces the single sender nonce with (nonce_key, nonce_seq), giving frame transactions independent replay domains,” pseudonymous researcher soispoke.eth said.
Access-layer work: private reads and Kohaku
The third proposed measure addresses the issue that even if transactions are private, users’ browsing behavior on the network is not. Imagine making a private phone call. Nobody heard the conversation, but the telecommunications firm knows who made the call and to whom.
Similarly, every time a user queries the blockchain to check a balance or read a smart contract, their wallet relies on third-party RPC node providers, exposing their IP address, physical location, and complete wallet identity to corporate servers that log this data.
Central to this effort is Kohaku, an open-source privacy toolkit introduced in 2025. Rather than eliminating reliance on RPC node providers entirely, Kohaku gives wallet developers tools to query blockchain data privately, using techniques such as private information retrieval, so nodes can answer queries without learning which specific data the user requested.
‘ETH’s utility value’
Ethereum has long had privacy as a goal, but it has not been a native feature. The new initiatives, if they go live, could serve as a positive catalyst for ether (ETH), the native token of Ethereum.
The plan for the new privacy initiatives isn’t just a narrative; the market is validating it too.
Valuations of established privacy-focused projects have surged, reflecting genuine demand. For example, Zcash (ZEC) has rallied more than 800% since early last year, pushing its market capitalization to roughly $9.85 billion. Meanwhile, Monero (XMR), despite frequent criticism for its use by bad actors on darknet markets and for terror funding, has also rallied by more than 100% in the same timeframe.
Bitcoin , the market leader, has declined by more than 5% over the same period.
One X user explained Ethereum’s need for privacy best: “Ethereum’s missing component at this point is some form of native privacy. ETH’s utility value would literally jump overnight. Privacy is the type of feature that can give an asset true moneyness qualities. L1 privacy could also drive a surge in mainnet fees.”
None of these changes is live yet, but Tuesday’s post is a meaningful signal about where things are headed next.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Stablecoin Outflow: $1.2 Billion Leaves Binance as BTC Holds at $77.6K
TLDR:
- Binance recorded a $1.2 billion stablecoin outflow, with $1 billion of that total consisting solely of USDT.
- The withdrawal follows a recent Bitcoin sell-off, pointing to either short capitulation or spot profit realization.
- Weekend low-liquidity conditions raise the risk of stop-hunts and leveraged liquidations around the $77,600 zone.
- Reduced stablecoin reserves on Binance limit near-term buying pressure, making sustained upward momentum unlikely soon.
Bitcoin is trading around the $77,600 level as a $1.2 billion stablecoin outflow exits Binance. Of that total, $1 billion consists of USDT alone.
The movement follows a recent downward price wave. Stablecoin flows on derivative-heavy exchanges like Binance are closely watched by traders. They often signal what major market participants are planning next.
What the $1 Billion USDT Withdrawal Reveals About Market Sentiment
Stablecoin flows on exchanges act as leading indicators for price movement. When stablecoins leave exchanges, it often means traders are pulling capital rather than preparing to deploy it.
That shift in behavior tells a story about current market confidence. The timing here, coming after a sell-off, makes it worth examining closely.
Two scenarios stand out as the most probable explanations for this outflow. The first is short capitulation, where bearish derivative traders close profitable positions and withdraw proceeds.
The second is spot profit realization, where investors who recently sold Bitcoin are moving their USDT to cold storage or external wallets. Both scenarios point toward reduced near-term buying pressure on Binance.
Analyst BorisD flagged the move noting that stablecoin inflows near resistance zones typically prepare the ground for short positions or profit-taking.
Meanwhile, inflows near market bottoms tend to support upward price action. The current outflow does not fit either of those setups cleanly, which adds to the uncertainty.
This ambiguity is what makes the $1 billion USDT exit particularly notable. Rather than a clear directional bet, it reads more as a withdrawal of capital from the field entirely. That kind of behavior tends to precede consolidation phases rather than sharp moves in either direction.
Weekend Price Action Could Bring Liquidity Sweeps on Both Sides
With the weekend approaching, lower liquidity conditions are expected across crypto markets. Thinner order books make it easier for large players to push price through key levels temporarily.
That environment often produces stop-hunts on both long and short positions. Traders holding leveraged exposure should factor this in.
Consolidation around the $77,600 zone is the most likely short-term outcome. The market needs time to rebuild liquidity pools after the recent wave of selling.
Sideways price action, punctuated by sharp spikes in either direction, fits this pattern well. Neither bulls nor bears currently hold a decisive edge at this level.
Leveraged traders face the highest risk during this kind of environment. A brief wick above or below a key level can trigger cascading liquidations before price returns to range.
Managing position size and stop placement becomes more important than direction calls during consolidation. The data from Binance supports a cautious stance for now.
As Bitcoin holds at $77,600, the market appears to be in a wait-and-see mode. The $1.2 billion stablecoin outflow has removed a layer of potential buying fuel from Binance.
Until fresh capital re-enters the exchange, sustained directional momentum remains unlikely. Traders are advised to monitor stablecoin flow data closely over the coming sessions.
Crypto World
Clarity Act could unlock $2T says Ripple CLO
Ripple CLO Stuart Alderoty says the Clarity Act could unlock a multi-trillion dollar US crypto market.
Summary
- The Senate Banking Committee advanced the Clarity Act 15-9 on May 14, with two Senate Democrats voting yes despite Elizabeth Warren’s opposition.
- Ripple CLO Stuart Alderoty called it a “monumental outcome” and cited 67 million American crypto holders as the constituency the bill protects.
- The bill still needs 60 Senate floor votes, two committee reconciliations and Trump’s signature before it becomes law.
The Senate Banking Committee advanced the Clarity Act 15-9 on May 14, a bipartisan result that lifts the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act toward a full Senate floor vote.
“The Clarity Act isn’t about protecting an industry. It’s about protecting everyday Americans who deserve clear rules when they participate in the multi-trillion dollar crypto economy. 67 million Americans already hold crypto. The data is in. It’s time,” Ripple CLO Stuart Alderoty said in a post.
What the Clarity Act would actually do
The bill would establish which regulator — the SEC or the CFTC — has jurisdiction over specific digital assets, ending the enforcement-by-ambiguity approach that has defined US crypto oversight since 2017. Crypto.news explored why the legislation matters more to XRP than to almost any other asset.
The Clarity Act would formally classify named tokens including XRP as digital commodities, removing legal uncertainty that has kept institutional capital on the sidelines. Analysts at Standard Chartered estimate the bill could unlock $4 to $8 billion in additional XRP ETF inflows alone.
Why this bipartisan vote matters
The 15-9 result marks the first time a comprehensive crypto market structure bill has cleared the Senate Banking Committee with cross-party support. Every Republican voted yes, alongside two Senate Democrats despite opposition from Elizabeth Warren.
Despite the momentum, the bill still needs 60 floor votes to clear a filibuster. It then faces reconciliation between the Banking and Agriculture Committee versions before alignment with the House text from July 2025.
What still has to happen before it becomes law
Crypto.news has tracked Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse warning the bill’s chances drop sharply if lawmakers fail to act before campaign season. Senators Lummis and Moreno have both warned that failure in 2026 means the next window is 2030.
The XRP price page tracks market reaction against that legislative backdrop in real time.
Crypto World
Bitfinex margin longs hit 2.5-year high as bitcoin faces key resistance levels
Bitcoin has now declined for five consecutive trading days between May 15 and May 19, marking its second longest losing streak of the year and trying to put in its first daily green candle in six days.
The latest pullback has seen bitcoin slide from above $80,000 to roughly $76,000 in light of broader market weakness.
During the downturn, leveraged traders on Bitfinex continue to add exposure. Data from the TradingView shows bitcoin margin longs, positions opened using borrowed funds, have risen to 80,636 BTC, up roughly 1.5% over the past several days and now sitting at their highest level in two and a half years. The last time longs were this elevated was in December 2023, when bitcoin traded near $43,000.
According to TradingView data, Bitfinex margin longs have climbed around 10% since the start of the year, even as bitcoin itself has fallen 13%. The divergence underscores continued accumulation from large traders despite BTC remaining nearly 35% below its October all-time high of $126,000.
Historically, the so-called “Bitfinex whale” has often acted as a contrarian signal. Over the past five years, large leveraged long positions on the exchange have frequently expanded during periods of market weakness and capitulation, while being reduced closer to local market tops and trend reversals.
Bitcoin is now approaching a key technical zone. The asset is currently testing both the True Market Mean, an onchain valuation metric representing the market’s aggregate cost basis, and the short-term holder realized price, which tracks the average acquisition price of recent buyers over the past 155 days, near $78,000, just above the current spot price. Above that, the 200-day moving average sits just over $81,000, representing another major resistance level for bulls to reclaim.
Crypto World
BTC price tops $77,000. Analysts weigh in on whether the bounce has legs.: Crypto Daily
This is an excerpt from CoinDesk newsletter ‘Daybook.’ Sign up here, if you haven’t already.
Bitcoin has bounced to over $77,000, triggering a broader market recovery that has lifted both the CoinDesk 20 (CD20) and CoinDesk 80 (CD80) indexes by more than 1% since midnight UTC. Some coins, such as privacy-focused Dash and XDC Network’s XDC token, have gained 10% over the past 24 hours.
Some analysts continue to maintain a cautious stance, saying the market is caught between positive regulatory tailwinds and macro headwinds.
“Short-term action is pressured by [ETF] outflows and macro caution, while long-term positioning is supported by regulation, institutional access and reserve-asset narratives,” Naeem Aslam, a former hedge fund trader and the chief investment officer at Zaye Capital Markets, told CoinDesk in an email.
Aslam hailed President Donald Trump’s directive to the government and the Federal Reserve to review payment-system access for fintech and crypto firms as supportive of digital assets.
Alex Kuptsikevich, the chief market analyst at FxPro, said bitcoin’s latest bounce from the 50-day simple moving average is setting the stage for a decisive move in the next couple of days.
“Bitcoin, as of the end of last month, found support on dips to the $76K region,” Kuptsikevich said in an email. “Over the last couple of days, this support has been reinforced by the 50-day MA, as has the market. On the other hand, resistance at the 200-day MA continues to decline, bringing the bulls’ and bears’ red lines closer together and marking the moment when the market will choose its trend for the coming months.”
A market update from the financial technology and digital asset platform 1Konto placed the onus for sustained recovery on ETF inflows.
“ETF flows have become one of the cleanest transmission channels between traditional portfolios and Bitcoin spot demand. If those flows turn negative at the same time the long end sells off, Bitcoin trades more like macro collateral than a standalone scarcity asset,” the firm said in its daily market update.
We think Bitcoin can still stabilize before broader risk assets, but the next durable move higher likely needs either a calmer Treasury market or clear evidence that ETF demand is rebuilding,” the firm said in its daily market update,” it added.
In traditional markets, futures tied to the Nasdaq 100 index rose 0.8%, and oil dropped as the Senate moved to curb Trump’s ability to wage war against Iran. Investors are also looking to Nvidia’s earnings later Wednesday. Stay alert.
Read more: For analysis of today’s activity in altcoins and derivatives, see Crypto Markets Today . For a comprehensive list of events this week, see CoinDesk’s “Crypto Week Ahead.”
What’s trending
Today’s signal

Bitcoin’s five-day losing streak has run out of steam with prices nearly testing the 50-day simple moving average (SMA) late Tuesday.
Since then, BTC has bounced back above $77,000. The setup is pretty simple: Prices are stuck between the 50-day SMA support and the 200-day SMA resistance.
The two averages are converging, with the 200-day SMA declining and the 50-day measure rising, narrowing the range and building pressure for a decisive move in either direction in the days ahead.
A break below the 50-day SMA near $76,000 would likely signal that the bounce has failed and open the door to a retest of the February lows near $73,000. On the other hand, a sustained close above the 200-day SMA near $82,500 would be a meaningful technical development, potentially drawing in sidelined buyers and shifting the broader trend from bearish to neutral at minimum.
Crypto World
Missouri AG Sues Crypto ATM Operator CoinFlip ‘For Enabling Scams’
Missouri is suing the company behind cryptocurrency ATM operator CoinFlip for “knowingly facilitating fraudulent transactions and profiting from them,” in the latest move by a US state authority targeting digital currency kiosks and ATMs.
In a Wednesday notice, the office of Missouri Attorney General Catherine Hanaway said the lawsuit against GPD Holdings, doing business as CoinFlip, was in response to incidents of fraud, including against the state’s “seniors and veterans.” The state began a probe in December into several crypto ATM companies, including Bitcoin Depot, which recently filed for bankruptcy.

Missouri lawsuit against CoinFlip. Source: Missouri AG
“The Attorney General’s Office is asking the Court to declare that CoinFlip’s practices violate the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act; to enjoin CoinFlip from operating in Missouri; to impose civil penalties of $1,000 per violation over the past five years (up to $1,826,000); and to award restitution to consumers,” said the AG’s office.
According to CoinFlip’s website, the company operates 136 crypto kiosks in Missouri, and 4,229 in the US.
In recent months, ATM operators like Bitcoin Depot, CoinFlip and others have been repeatedly targeted by US state authorities and municipalities which have passed laws and ordinances restricting or outright banning the technology.
Related: Minnesota to weigh ban on crypto kiosks after scam reports

Warning about fraud from May 2025. Source: CoinFlip
Cointelegraph reached out to CoinFlip for comment on the lawsuit but did not receive an immediate response.
Bitcoin Depot warned of lawsuits and regulations before filing for bankruptcy
In a May 12 filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, crypto ATM operator Bitcoin Depot said “substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.” The concerns over paying more than $20 in legal judgments in the fourth quarter of 2025 and “ongoing litigation matters” came just a few days before Bitcoin Depot filed for voluntary Chapter 11 proceedings in Texas.
Bitcoin Depot was one of the largest crypto ATM operators in North America, responsible for more than 9,000 kiosks globally.
Magazine: 5 tech predictions the mainstream media got horribly wrong
Crypto World
NVIDIA Q1 FY2027 Revenue Hits Record $81.6 Billion as AI Infrastructure Demand Accelerates
TLDR:
- NVIDIA Q1 FY2027 revenue reached a record $81.6 billion, rising 85% year-over-year and 20% sequentially.
- Data Center revenue surged 92% annually to $75.2 billion, with networking revenue climbing 199% year-over-year.
- NVIDIA raised its quarterly dividend from $0.01 to $0.25 per share and approved an $80 billion buyback program.
- Q2 FY2027 revenue guidance stands at $91 billion, excluding all Data Center compute revenue sourced from China.
NVIDIA reported record first-quarter fiscal 2027 revenue of $81.6 billion, marking an 85% year-over-year increase. Data Center revenue reached $75.2 billion, up 92% annually.
The company also guided Q2 revenue to $91 billion. Non-GAAP diluted EPS climbed 140% to $1.87. Operating cash flow hit $50.3 billion, while free cash flow totaled $48.6 billion during the quarter.
Record Revenue Driven by AI Infrastructure Demand
NVIDIA’s Q1 FY2027 results reflect growing demand for AI computing infrastructure worldwide. Revenue rose 20% sequentially from $68.1 billion in Q4 FY2026. The company’s GAAP gross margin stood at 74.9%, up 14.4 percentage points year-over-year.
Data Center compute revenue alone reached $60.4 billion, rising 77% from a year ago. Networking revenue within the segment hit $14.8 billion, up 199% annually. These numbers show strong adoption of NVIDIA’s Blackwell GPU platform across hyperscale clients.
Jensen Huang, NVIDIA’s founder and CEO, described the moment as a turning point for global infrastructure. He stated that “the buildout of AI factories — the largest infrastructure expansion in human history — is accelerating at extraordinary speed.” Huang further noted that agentic AI is now doing productive work and generating real value across industries.
NVIDIA returned approximately $20 billion to shareholders through buybacks and dividends during Q1. The Board also approved an additional $80 billion share repurchase authorization on May 18, 2026, with no expiration date.
Huang added that NVIDIA is “uniquely positioned at the center of this transformation” as the only platform running across every major cloud.
Dividend Increase and Shareholder Returns Signal Confidence
NVIDIA raised its quarterly cash dividend from $0.01 per share to $0.25 per share. The dividend will be paid on June 26, 2026, to shareholders of record as of June 4, 2026. This marks a notable shift in NVIDIA’s capital return strategy.
As of Q1’s close, the company had $38.5 billion remaining under its prior share repurchase authorization. The new $80 billion addition further strengthens NVIDIA’s buyback capacity. Together, these moves reflect management’s confidence in sustained earnings growth.
GAAP net income for the quarter came in at $58.3 billion, up 211% year-over-year. Non-GAAP net income reached $45.5 billion, rising 139% from the same period last year. Both figures point to strong profitability alongside revenue growth.
GAAP diluted EPS of $2.39 compares to $0.76 in Q1 FY2026, a 214% increase. Non-GAAP diluted EPS of $1.87 reflects a 140% annual gain.
Huang noted that NVIDIA’s platform “runs in every cloud, powers every frontier and open source model, and scales everywhere AI is produced.”
Q2 Outlook and Structural Reporting Changes
NVIDIA guided Q2 FY2027 revenue at approximately $91 billion, plus or minus 2%. The company stated that this outlook excludes any Data Center compute revenue from China. GAAP and non-GAAP gross margins are expected to remain near 74.9% and 75.0%, respectively.
Operating expenses for Q2 are projected at around $8.5 billion on a GAAP basis and $8.3 billion non-GAAP. For the full fiscal year 2027, NVIDIA expects tax rates of 16% to 18%, excluding discrete items. These projections reflect continued investment in research and operations.
NVIDIA also announced a new reporting framework splitting its business into Data Center and Edge Computing platforms. Within Data Center, it will now report Hyperscale and ACIE sub-markets separately. Edge Computing will cover PCs, game consoles, robotics, and automotive devices.
Edge Computing revenue for Q1 reached $6.4 billion, up 29% year-over-year and 10% sequentially. New partnerships with Hyundai, Kia, BYD, and Uber support growth in autonomous driving. Expanded collaborations with Google Cloud and Marvell also continue to broaden NVIDIA’s ecosystem reach.
Crypto World
How regulatory infighting is choking the UK’s crypto hub ambitions
The U.K.’s ambitions to become a dominant global digital asset hub is running into a wall of political inertia and regulatory gridlock, Jonny Fry, a blockchain and global banking researcher, founder of Digital Bites and CEO at TeamBlockchain Ltd., told CoinDesk.
Despite outward assurances of progress from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), industry insiders suggest that nagging bureaucratic barriers and legislative friction behind closed doors are severely delaying the implementation of a unified crypto framework. The slow progress is creating rising concern that Britain is conceding critical economic ground to regimes in Washington and Brussels.
Fry said the U.K. should worry over other more critical issues. “The real risk is not that firms physically leave Britain,” he said. “The risk is that the next generation of digital asset infrastructure is built somewhere else.”
The concern on the floor of the Digital Money Summit 2026 in London reflects a deep-seated institutional divide. While the private sector demands swift execution to unlock massive market efficiencies, a web of divided remits between HM Treasury, the Bank of England and the FCA has severely fractured the payment and investment perimeters.
“We have a situation at the moment whereby the Treasury is looking to set the law, and then we’re having the FCA looking to have publicly-issued stablecoins and a Bank of England-issued digital pound,” Fry noted.
He warned that this fragmented approach creates deep operational uncertainty, complicating how the jurisdiction handles the “singleness of money” across tokenized deposits and digital assets.
This administrative friction has pushed several high-profile digital asset firms to abandon the U.K. entirely, choosing to relocate to jurisdictions with immediate regulatory clarity. Fry cited the crypto derivatives exchange Deribit as a prime example.
“Had we had the regulatory clarity that staking your crypto was not a collective investment scheme, maybe Deribit would have relocated here in the U.K.,” Fry said, estimating that the missed opportunity cost the U.K. government hundreds of millions in tax revenues following Coinbase’s acquisition of the platform.
Andrew MacKenzie, CEO of sterling stablecoin developer Agant, told CoinDesk in February he believed that regulations were moving in the right direction, but were moving too slowly to support its global digital asset hub ambitions.
The Bank of England’s cautious, slow approach to crypto is heavily frustrating the private sector, a Financial Times article stated last week, It added that while businesses are pushing for fast integration, the central bank’s tight restrictions on stablecoins have created a massive regulatory bottleneck.
The FCA, caught between Downing Street’s political priorities and the Bank of England’s watchfulness on monetary stability, has preferred to emphasize its controlled testing environments rather than publicly vent its operational frustrations.
Matthew Long, Director of Payments and Digital Assets at the FCA, took a more positive approach to the pace at which regulations are being adopted, presenting the timeline as a calculated, modular rollout designed to build a bulletproof regime.
“So I think we’ve delivered a comprehensive regime that’s open for business right now. We’re encouraging firms to apply,” he told CoinDesk. “We’ve got our pre-application support service available, so what I’m saying to firms is it’s open for business.”
However, if U.K. regulators do not move with genuine market agility, liquidity will inevitably default to where capital is most fluid, Fry warned. Without a competitive digital pound alternative, private operators will simply settle transactions using dominant U.S. dollar-backed stablecoins.
“We’ll end up seeing dollarisation,” Fry warned.
U.K. regulations are set to come into effect in October 2027.
Crypto World
Bitcoin quantum risk hits 1.92M BTC says Glassnode
Bitcoin quantum exposure covers 1.92 million BTC, or 9.6% of total supply, Glassnode warned in a new report.
Summary
- Glassnode classified 1.92 million BTC as structurally exposed to a quantum breakthrough because their output types reveal public keys by design.
- Satoshi Nakamoto’s coins represent about 1.1 million BTC of the structural risk, with another 620,000 BTC in other early Satoshi-era outputs.
- A broader 4.12 million BTC, or 20.6% of supply, is operationally exposed due to address reuse and key management practices at exchanges.
Blockchain analytics firm Glassnode published a full analysis on May 20 classifying 1.92 million BTC, or 9.6% of total supply, as structurally exposed to a future quantum computing breakthrough.
The structural category covers outputs whose design reveals the public key regardless of address management. The three types at risk are Satoshi-era Pay-to-Public-Key outputs, legacy multisig structures and Pay-to-Taproot outputs.
Glassnode breaks down Bitcoin’s quantum exposure by address type
Glassnode classified 4.12 million BTC, or 20.6% of supply, as operationally exposed due to address reuse and poor key management. This is more than twice the structurally unsafe supply.
Exchange-held Bitcoin accounts for a disproportionate share. About 1.66 million BTC on exchanges, 8.3% of total supply, falls into the exposed category. Binance shows 85% exposed balances while Coinbase’s labeled balances sit at just 5% exposed.
What the structural versus operational split means for holders
Glassnode said the exposure could be reduced through better address standards and user behavior. BIP-360 proposes a quantum-resistant Pay-to-Merkle-Root output type offering a voluntary migration path for affected holders.
Crypto.news has covered the full quantum threat timeline, including the estimated 2,330 logical qubits needed to break Bitcoin’s elliptic curve cryptography.
What exchanges and custodians should do now
Glassnode advised exchanges and custodians to reduce key reuse, improve address hygiene and plan migration to quantum-proof formats before any breakthrough occurs. The firm stressed the risk is structural but not yet active.
Citi’s analysis, as crypto.news reported, found a quantum attack on major financial institutions could put $2 to $3.3 trillion of GDP at risk. The Bitcoin price page tracks how markets are pricing these long-term security concerns alongside current price action.
Crypto World
Uniswap Pushes Fee-and-Burn to 13 Chains as Binance Net Outflows Signal Accumulation
TLDR:
- Uniswap’s temp check vote targets BNB Chain, Polygon, and Celo, expanding the fee-and-burn to 13 chains.
- Every swap generates a protocol fee that bridges to Ethereum and permanently burns UNI at a dead address.
- CryptoQuant data shows rising UNI net outflows on Binance, pointing to smart money accumulation near lows.
- The governance vote closes May 21st with 18.1M UNI cast, 100% in favor, and the 10M quorum already cleared.
Uniswap is moving to extend its fee-and-burn mechanism to BNB Chain, Polygon, and Celo. A temp check vote is currently underway, drawing strong community support.
Meanwhile, on-chain data from CryptoQuant shows rising net outflows on Binance as UNI trades near its lower price range. Together, these developments are drawing fresh attention to the token’s near-term outlook.
Governance Vote Targets 13-Chain Fee-and-Burn Rollout
The proposal, shared via Snapshot.eth on behalf of Uniswap’s governance, aims to bring the fee-and-burn system to three additional networks. If passed, the rollout would cover 13 chains in total.
Every swap on these networks generates a protocol fee, which bridges back to Ethereum and permanently burns UNI at a dead address.
The system has been live since December across Ethereum and nine other networks. BNB Chain and Polygon would connect through Wormhole’s Native Token Transfer setup.
Celo was approved in an earlier vote but failed due to a configuration error. This proposal corrects that path and re-runs the execution.
Forum member Abel189 described the move as “a coherent next step” given Uniswap’s “increasingly multi-chain reality.”
He supports incremental, chain-by-chain expansion but flagged growing cross-chain messaging complexity as a key watch item going forward.
L2BEAT’s governance team, including members Kaereste and Manugotsuka, voted in favor after their research team verified the implementation, contracts, and expected governance payloads.
They noted the unchanged fee structure and continuity with the previously approved framework as reasons for their support.
On-Chain Outflow Data Points to Accumulation Activity
On the market side, CryptoQuant data on the Uniswap Exchange Netflow chart for Binance is showing notable movement.
As UNI’s price corrected deeply, netflow bars grew denser with large net outflows becoming more frequent. This pattern tends to reflect behavior from longer-term holders and smart money participants.
These outflows typically mean UNI is being withdrawn from Binance and moved to personal wallets for holding. That reduces the available supply on the exchange and lowers direct selling pressure over time. Analyst Rei Researcher noted this trend as a potential setup for an accumulation zone near the bottom.
Source: Cryptoquant
Currently, UNI is seeing a mild price recovery. If the outflow trend continues and exchange supply tightens further, buying demand could push the price higher.
The combination of reduced sell-side pressure and growing protocol utility through the burn mechanism adds a structural layer to that potential move.
The governance vote closes on May 21st at 5:30 PM UTC. As of the latest update, 258 wallets have cast 18.1 million UNI votes, with 100% in favor and the 10 million quorum already cleared.
Crypto World
‘Getting to public markets first is very important’
Sam Altman, chief executive officer of OpenAI Inc., during a media tour of the Stargate AI data center in Abilene, Texas, US, on Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2025.
Kyle Grillot | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Reports that OpenAI is set to confidentially file for an IPO as soon as Friday changed prediction market traders’ outlook on which private AI giant will debut on the public markets first.
Traders on Kalshi now see OpenAI as the favorite to go public before Anthropic, giving it an 83% chance of getting the big payday first.
“Getting to public markets first is very important, given this arms race going on,” said Dan Ives, Wedbush Securities’ global head of technology research. “It sets a valuation, you’re the first one to meet with investors on the road, and there’s an advantage.”
Before the initial report on the IPO timeline by the Wall Street Journal which CNBC later confirmed, traders gave OpenAI just over a 32% chance of beating its chief private rival to the public markets.
Chances Anthropic would beat OpenAI to an IPO collapsed on Polymarket to 20% from 69%.
While the birth of OpenAI’s ChatGPT launched the AI bull market in November 2022, the company has lost some of its shine with investors.
Worries about the company’s spending, reports on missed revenue and growth targets and leadership turnover weighed on investors’ outlooks. There have even been internal disagreements on the timeline to go public, according to the Journal, with CEO Sam Altman pushing for a faster debut than CFO Sarah Friar.
At the same time, Anthropic’s enterprise business has led it to experience massive growth in recent months, and reportedly is in talks with investors for a new funding round that would value the company at $900 billion, greater than that of OpenAI’s latest valuation.
Investors became enchanted with Anthropic’s Claude models, which have been constantly updated with new versions. Those updates were followed so closely by investors that they consistently moved the stock market in the beginning of the year, as worries about how new tools from Claude models would disrupt existing businesses mounted.
It was in late March when reports about an extremely powerful new model, Claude Mythos, circulated that Anthropic took a consistent lead over OpenAI on Kalshi of who would have a public debut first. Bloomberg reported around the same time that the company was looking to IPO as soon as October.
But with an IPO on the way — sooner than prediction market traders thought — and a court win against Elon Musk this week, it could be the moment for a turnaround, according to Ives.
“It started with the lawsuit,” he said. “And now filing the IPO, that’s a great one-two punch to start to put water on the negative fire that’s been on them.”
Disclosure: CNBC and Kalshi have a commercial relationship that includes a CNBC minority investment.
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