Crypto World
Ethereum Price Analysis: ETH Defends $1.5K Support, But Weak Demand Puts Recovery in Question
Ethereum continues to trade within a firmly bearish market structure despite showing signs of stabilization around a major support zone. While buyers have managed to defend the recent lows, both the daily and 4-hour charts suggest that any recovery attempt still faces significant overhead resistance. Meanwhile, exchange price data indicates that institutional demand through Coinbase remains weak, reinforcing the cautious outlook.
Ethereum Price Analysis: The Daily Chart
The daily chart shows ETH extending its broader downtrend inside a well-defined descending channel. Price remains below the major moving averages, with the 100-day and 200-day averages both sloping lower overhead.
Following the sharp breakdown below the $1.85K support and a decisive retest and rejection, ETH is trading range-bound around the $1.5K support zone, which currently spans roughly $1.45K to $1.55K. This area has once again attracted buying interest and prevented further downside, making it the most important support for the buyers in the near term.
On the upside, the first notable resistance sits around $1.85K, which previously acted as support before turning into resistance after the breakdown. Above that, sellers are likely to defend the $2K to $2.2K supply zone, which also aligns with the declining moving averages and the upper boundary of the descending channel.
ETH/USDT 4-Hour Chart
On the 4-hour timeframe, Ethereum has finally broken above the descending trendline that had capped price action throughout last week’s decline. This is the first meaningful improvement in its short-term market structure. The price is now retracing for a potential retest, and if buyers successfully defend, it will increase the credibility of an upward move.
Despite this constructive development, ETH continues to trade below the key horizontal resistance at $1.75K, which remains the primary obstacle before a larger recovery can unfold. A decisive break above this supply zone could pave the way for a move toward the $1.85K resistance, where sellers are expected to become active once again.
Momentum has also improved following the breakout, with the RSI recovering toward the neutral 50 level after previously emerging from oversold conditions. While this suggests selling pressure has eased, buyers still need to reclaim the nearby resistance cluster to fully confirm a short-term bullish reversal.
As long as Ethereum holds above the broken trendline and the $1.5K support region, the probability of an extended relief rally remains elevated. However, losing these support levels would invalidate the breakout and shift momentum back in favor of the sellers.
Sentiment Analysis
The Coinbase Premium Index continues to paint a cautious picture for Ethereum. The metric has remained predominantly below the neutral line and recently dropped deeper into negative territory, indicating that ETH is trading at a discount on Coinbase relative to other exchanges.
This generally reflects weaker buying pressure from U.S.-based institutional and large-scale investors, a group that has historically played an important role during sustained recoveries. Although occasional rebounds in the premium have appeared throughout the past several months, they have failed to develop into persistent positive readings.
As long as the Coinbase Premium Index remains negative, institutional demand appears subdued, limiting the probability of a strong bullish reversal. A sustained recovery in the premium back above zero would be an early indication that larger buyers are returning to the market and could provide additional confirmation for any technical breakout.
The post Ethereum Price Analysis: ETH Defends $1.5K Support, But Weak Demand Puts Recovery in Question appeared first on CryptoPotato.
Claude AI Opus 4.8 just zeroed in on a divergence between price action and institutional behavior that most people watching XRP price prediction have completely missed. The model predicts a bull target of $3.00, with a more grounded recovery case sitting near $2.20.
The bull case rests on one core fact that XRP price simply has not caught up to yet. Spot XRP ETFs have pulled in roughly $1.4 to $1.6 billion since their November 2025 launch, and they actually posted their strongest inflow month of the entire year in May, all while bitcoin ETFs were bleeding a record $3.5 billion in outflows over that same stretch.
That kind of divergence matters because it shows institutions are accumulating XRP through regulated wrappers even as the token bleeds alongside the broader market.
XRP price in custody has nearly doubled too, climbing from 478 million tokens in January to over 900 million by June, which is real on chain evidence of accumulation rather than just a headline number.
Layer on top of that the August 2025 SEC settlement that ended five years of litigation, the CLARITY Act clearing the Senate calendar with bipartisan support, and Ripple’s RLUSD and tokenization infrastructure continuing to expand, and you get a fundamental backdrop that looks far stronger than the price chart suggests.
If macro risk appetite reverses, the model sees that accumulated institutional position unlocking fast, with a recovery to the prior cycle high near $2.20 being realistic, and a stretch case toward $3.00 if the Act actually passes and crypto wide sentiment turns more broadly bullish by year end.
The bear case is blunt about where things actually stand today. None of this has worked yet. XRP is down roughly 46% from its January high, sits below every major moving average, and is simply doing what every high beta asset does in a market with the Fear and Greed Index sitting at just 18, meaning it bleeds with the broader tape regardless of its own underlying fundamentals.
A break below the $1.00 psychological floor and the $0.96 structural level beneath it opens a path straight to $0.85, which would erase most of the gains built up during the entire ETF era if risk off conditions persist into the third quarter.
XRP Price Prediction: XRP Sits On A Pile Of Institutional Buying The Chart Refuses To Show
The daily chart shows XRP at $1.04718 after a long, grinding decline from highs above $3.65 set back in July of last year. That slide has been almost uninterrupted, with the steepest leg coming in October when price collapsed from the $2.70 zone down through $1.60 within a matter of weeks.
Since February, price has mostly drifted lower in a series of smaller steps, currently sitting right at the exact $1.00 psychological floor called out as the critical level in this prediction.
That kind of test right at a major round number after such a long downtrend usually marks a real decision point rather than just another stop along the way.
Resistance sits first near $1.40, the level price has failed to reclaim during recent bounce attempts, then a much heavier ceiling near $2.20, which lines up directly with the prior cycle high mentioned as the realistic recovery target.
Support holds right around the current $1.00 to $1.03 zone, with the $0.96 structural level sitting just beneath as the next real test if this floor gives way.
The broader pattern here is a clean series of lower highs and lower lows stretching back nearly a full year, which fits the bear case description of a high beta asset simply bleeding with a weak overall market.
Momentum on the daily candles looks weak and still leaning lower, without much evidence yet of the kind of basing action that typically shows up before a real reversal.
Given how directly current price sits on top of the exact floor named in this prediction, the next move through $1.00 looks like the moment that decides whether this divergence between institutional buying and price finally starts to close.
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Here is What Claude AI Predicts For LiquidChain Near Future, Very Bullish
Sitting at resistance is not a strategy. It is a queue.
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and XRP are stuck under the same ceilings. The catalyst is always one print away. The inflows are always next quarter.
Small cap infrastructure plays by different rules. Capital that is noise at Bitcoin’s scale can reshape an undiscovered project entirely. The real asymmetry lives in the gap between what something is worth and what the market has priced it at. That gap closes the moment it gets found.
Cross-chain fragmentation has taxed DeFi since the first bridge launched. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana grew up disconnected. Every transaction crossing those lines pays in fees, slippage, and failures. Bridges were supposed to fix it. They became the toll booth instead.
LiquidChain removes the toll. All 3 networks inside one execution layer. One deployment reaches everywhere. No cross-chain fee, anywhere.
Claude AI flagged it as worth watching. The presale sits at $0.01454 with just over $860,000 raised.
Execution is unproven. Adoption is unknown. Established assets offer a calmer climb toward a ceiling everyone can already see. LiquidChain stays an opportunity only as long as it stays unnoticed.
The post Claude AI Opus Predicts Stunning XRP Price by End of 2026 appeared first on Cryptonews.
Stablecoins are moving quickly from “crypto rails” toward mainstream corporate payment tools, according to a new survey from payments infrastructure firm Cybrid. The report suggests that a large share of businesses are already using stablecoins for cross-border transfers—and that confidence in further adoption will hinge heavily on clearer regulation.
Cybrid’s findings indicate that 42% of surveyed companies are using stablecoins for cross-border payments today, while 88% of respondents said they are likely or very likely to use them within the next 12 months. Among those benefits cited, cost savings stand out: businesses reported average cross-border payment cost reductions of 35%, with firms processing more than $100 million per month reporting average savings up to 47%.
Key takeaways
- Adoption is already underway: 42% of Cybrid’s surveyed businesses report using stablecoins for cross-border payments.
- Momentum looks set to accelerate: 88% said they expect to use stablecoins within the next year.
- Cost savings are a primary driver: average cross-border payment costs are reported down 35%, rising to as much as 47% for higher-volume firms.
- Regulatory clarity is the confidence lever: 71% of respondents said regulation matters more than trusted infrastructure providers or integration with existing systems.
- Stablecoin growth remains concentrated: CoinGecko data places total stablecoin market cap at $307.64 billion, with USDT and USDC leading.
Corporate stablecoin use is expanding beyond niche payments
Cybrid’s report is based on a survey of 468 executives and business leaders conducted between April 28 and May 4. Respondents represented technology, financial services, and ecommerce sectors across the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, including C-suite executives as well as finance and treasury, payments, and operations leadership.
While cross-border payments are the headline use case, the survey also points to a range of corporate applications. Payroll and contractor payments were cited as the most common use case after cross-border transfers, followed by supplier and vendor payments. Additional reported activities included customer payments and uses tied to investment and yield generation, along with treasury and liquidity management.
That breadth matters for investors and operators because it suggests stablecoins are not being evaluated solely as an alternative to one payment moment. Instead, businesses appear to be testing stablecoins across operating workflows—particularly where speed, settlement, and international reach can reduce friction.
Cost advantages reported by businesses
Cybrid’s survey quantifies the economic appeal. Businesses using stablecoins reported average cross-border payment cost savings of 35%. For companies handling more than $100 million in monthly payment volume, the average savings reportedly increased to as much as 47%.
These figures are particularly relevant because stablecoin adoption often depends on whether the technology can deliver measurable improvements over established banking and remittance channels. Cybrid also noted that only 2% of respondents described themselves as “committed” users of traditional payment rails, a contrast that implies stablecoin workflows may be winning share where they provide clearer cost or operational benefits.
Regulation is emerging as the deciding factor
Beyond pricing, the survey highlights a key decision-making variable: regulatory clarity. According to Cybrid, 71% of respondents said it would increase their confidence to expand stablecoin use—and did so more than other considerations such as trusted infrastructure providers or integration with existing systems.
This emphasis aligns with broader market dynamics. The report points to momentum driven by U.S. legislation for payment stablecoins. It references the emergence of GENIUS Act-compliant stablecoins, noting that these have reached a combined market cap above $76 billion—marking the first federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins in the United States.
At the same time, the survey’s geography and respondent profile indicate that corporations are actively looking for frameworks that can be relied on at the point of operational deployment, not just pilot testing.
Stablecoin market size continues to grow as infrastructure upgrades
The Cybrid report arrives as stablecoins continue to scale. CoinGecko data cited in the report puts total stablecoin market cap at $307.64 billion. Tether’s USDT leads at $184.7 billion, followed by Circle’s USDC at $73.51 billion. The same data set is referenced to highlight how GENIUS Act-compliant stablecoins have grown to more than $76 billion in market cap.
Additional industry signals cited alongside Cybrid’s survey reinforce the shift toward business demand. Paybis previously said business customers accounted for nearly 98% of stablecoin payout volume processed through its platform in the first four months of 2026, up from 36% in 2023. Paybis also referenced McKinsey research estimating that business-to-business transactions represent roughly 60% of the $390 billion in global stablecoin payment volume recorded in 2025.
Meanwhile, major infrastructure providers continue expanding regulated pathways for stablecoin issuance, custody, and transfers. In May, Falcon Finance debuted fUSD—a dollar-backed stablecoin—through Anchorage Digital Bank’s federally regulated issuance platform, aiming at institutional trading, collateral, and treasury workflows. More recently, BNY expanded its digital asset custody platform to support Circle’s USDC, enabling institutional clients to store, transfer, mint, and redeem the stablecoin through the bank.
Together, these developments suggest that corporate interest is increasingly meeting operational capability. For businesses, the practical question is no longer whether stablecoins can move value, but whether they can be integrated into compliant, bank-adjacent processes that reduce operational risk.
What to watch in the next 12 months
Cybrid’s survey indicates stablecoin adoption is likely to intensify, but the data also implies that expansion may depend on continued regulatory progress and on how quickly corporate infrastructure becomes easier to deploy. Investors and teams should watch whether compliance-driven infrastructure keeps pace with demand—and whether businesses that are “likely” to use stablecoins convert into consistent, long-term users.
Ethereum (ETH) enters July 2026 trading near $1,570, close to multi-month lows, after recording its first run of three consecutive red quarterly candles in its history.
On-chain data and price charts now tell competing stories. Network usage keeps falling, yet large holders appear to be buying, which leaves July’s direction wide open.
ETH in July 2026: Active Addresses Fall to Fresh Lows
Glassnode data on active addresses points to weakening engagement. The 14-day moving average peaked near 795,000 in early February 2026. It has since dropped to roughly 420,000, a decline of about 46%.
The early move was unusual. Addresses climbed through January while prices fell, a sign of speculative churn rather than durable demand. Both metrics then rolled over together.
Through the spring, prices held up better than usage. Brief rebounds in active addresses during March, April, and May each failed to hold. The June reading marks the lowest on the chart, and the trend has not yet bottomed.
For this signal to flip, active addresses would need a sustained recovery rather than another short-lived spike.
Whale Address Count Climbs Into the Weakness
The address picture looks bleak. However, the whale data complicates that read. Glassnode’s count of addresses holding 1,000 to 10,000 ETH spiked in the final days of June.
That move produced the greatest 30-day change on the chart, and it happened while the price sat at its lowest point. Accumulation into a low price can suggest that larger holders are positioning early.
External flow data supports the mixed signal. Some reports show whales adding tens of millions of dollars in ETH, while spot Ethereum ETFs recorded net outflows through June. Bitmine chairman Tom Lee tied part of the recent drop to quarter-end fund behavior.
One caveat matters. A similar whale-count surge in late February coincided with a local top before price fell, so rising whale numbers have not been a clean buy signal this cycle.
3 Straight Red Quarters Mark Uncharted Territory
The quarterly view frames why the technical picture matters. CoinGlass data shared by analyst Ted Pillows shows ETH closing Q4 2025 down 28.28%, Q1 2026 down 29.26%, and Q2 2026 down 24.77%.
That run is the first stretch of three consecutive red quarters in the dataset, which begins in 2016. The longest prior streaks reached only two quarters, in 2018 and again in 2019.
The character of this decline also stands out. Rather than one violent crash, ETH has bled steadily across three roughly equal quarters. The broader market has softened alongside it.
Monthly Chart Tests a Key Fibonacci Level
The monthly chart shows ETH near a level that has mattered before. Price trades around $1,570, and a close here would mark the lowest monthly close since March 2023.
The 0.786 Fibonacci retracement, drawn from the $881 low to the $4,956 high, sits at roughly $1,753. That zone acted as support on four prior occasions, and it lines up with the heaviest volume node on the profile.
Price now trades below that level on an intra-month basis. A monthly close beneath it would confirm the break, opening room toward $1,200 and then the $881 swing low. Monthly RSI sits near 40, so momentum is not yet oversold.
ETH Price Prediction Hinges on the $1,500 Line
The daily chart sharpens the near-term question. ETH has lost three layered support bands, near $2,375, $2,175, and $1,925, and each now acts as resistance.
Price has also broken below a descending channel and failed two retests of that broken structure in June. It is now holding just above a final demand zone around the psychological $1,500 mark.
Volume has faded through the decline, and Bollinger Band width sits at compressed levels. Low volatility often precedes a larger move, though compression signals magnitude rather than direction.
The setup leaves a clear binary. A daily close below $1,500 would expose the $1,200 area, while a reclaim of $1,753 would invalidate the bearish thesis. The prior monthly outlook flagged the same battle zone.
What Could Decide ETH in July 2026
The evidence pulls in two directions. The trend, the lost supports, and falling active addresses argue for caution. Meanwhile, whale accumulation and the volatility squeeze hint at a possible snapback.
Two levels frame the month. Holding $1,500 keeps a recovery toward $1,753 on the table, while losing it points lower. Roughly $10.63 billion in June options expiry has already cleared, which may reduce one source of pressure.
For now, the data suggests a market in balance rather than a confirmed move. July’s first weekly closes around $1,500 and $1,753 should indicate which side wins control.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice.
The post What to Expect From Ethereum (ETH) in July 2026 appeared first on BeInCrypto.
Three $ME token buyers sued Magic Eden and its four co-founders, alleging the company promoted the token's use cases — multichain trading, governance, staking rewards, and revenue sharing — then delayed, diminished, or abandoned them, according to a class-action complaint filed in federal court in… Read the full story at The Defiant
Coinmetro, an Estonian-based cryptocurrency exchange, has claimed that it has filed “a reorganisation application to the Estonian court.”
In its announcement, it states that this is required because of “an extraordinary situation caused by a failure of one of our financial service providers.”
It further claims that it had already suspended user registrations, deposits, and withdrawals back on June 22.
Interestingly, in the Estonian register both Coinmetro OÜ and Coinmetro Group OÜ are past due on annual reports. Coinmetro Group OÜ is also listed as having a tax debt.
The announcement didn’t disclose which financial service partner led to this failure, and Coinmetro has yet to respond to Protos’ questions regarding that issue.
During a YouTube based “Ask Me Anything” with Coinmetro Chief Executive (and beneficial owner) Kevin Murcko, he claimed that it was actually more than one provider that failed, despite the announcement only claiming one.
He also claimed that there was a multi-year internal investigation, suggesting that this failure happened well before this current announcement.
Additionally, he stated that he originally believed that Coinmetro’s balance sheet was strong enough that this wasn’t originally material, but has become material as Coinmetro has approached the July 1 licensure deadline for compliance with Markets in Crypto Assets regulations.
Prime Trust
The Prime Trust bankruptcy estate (PCT Litigation Trust) filed an adversary proceeding against Coinmetro in August of last year.
This proceeding attempted to clawback withdrawals made in the days immediately preceding bankruptcy.
This proceeding claims that Prime transferred $1,205,751.10 to Coinmetro in the days before Prime’s failure.
Read more: Prime Trust accused of using customer funds to cover lost deposits
The mistakes and fraud committed by Prime apparently make it extraordinarily difficult to determine who was owed which funds from Prime Trust.
This means that Coinmetro didn’t necessarily withdraw more funds than it deposited because of the failure, and Prime Trust is trying to clawback many of the withdrawals from the final days.
Protos reached out to Coinmetro for comment, but it didn’t respond before publication.
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Ripple has unveiled a proposed lending protocol for the XRP Ledger that would allow financial institutions to borrow digital assets without selling their holdings, expanding the network’s institutional finance capabilities.
Summary
- Ripple has proposed an XRP Ledger lending protocol for institutional borrowers and lenders.
- The system lets institutions borrow digital assets without selling token holdings.
- The proposal now awaits XRP Ledger validator approval after devnet testing.
According to a proposal published by Ripple, the new XRP Ledger Lending Protocol is designed to fill what the company describes as a missing piece in blockchain-based finance. While tokenization has simplified the issuance and transfer of digital assets, Ripple argues that lending, collateral management, and credit infrastructure have not advanced at the same pace.
The proposal would support lending markets for tokenized U.S. Treasuries, money market funds, stablecoins, commodities, private credit, and other real-world assets on the XRP Ledger.
Rather than embedding credit decisions into blockchain code, Ripple said lenders and borrowers would negotiate loan terms and complete compliance checks off-chain before transactions move to the network for execution.
Credit decisions stay off-chain while loan servicing moves on-chain
Ripple said the protocol separates institutional credit assessment from blockchain settlement. Once a loan has been approved, the XRP Ledger would automate operational tasks including interest calculations, repayment schedules, loan servicing, and default management.
According to Ripple, this structure was intentionally designed to keep underwriting and regulatory requirements under the control of financial institutions while using the blockchain for standardized execution. The company said this approach mirrors how traditional financial markets separate credit decisions from settlement infrastructure.
The proposal introduces two core building blocks. A Single Asset Vault would pool a single token for lending, while a dedicated Lending Protocol would manage loan origination, servicing, and repayment. Ripple said separating custody from lending infrastructure follows the model already used in conventional capital markets.
As one example, Ripple said a payment provider holding reserves of RLUSD could obtain short-term liquidity through the protocol while waiting for cross-border transactions to settle. According to the company, doing so would allow institutions to avoid liquidating reserve assets or relying on higher-cost bank credit facilities.
Institutional access depends on validator approval
Compliance remains a central part of the proposal. Ripple said both lenders and borrowers would need to complete identity verification before participating, with access controlled through permissioned credentials rather than open participation.
The company also proposed assigning first-loss capital at the lending facility level instead of distributing losses equally across all participants. According to Ripple, this structure is intended to create a clearer framework for allocating credit risk.
The lending framework has not yet become part of the XRP Ledger. Ripple said the technical specifications, published as XLS-65 and XLS-66, still require approval from XRPL validators before they can be activated on the main network. Until then, developers and infrastructure providers can begin testing the proposed system on the XRPL devnet.
The proposal arrives days after Ripple drew attention through another institutional finance connection. As previously reported by crypto.news, Elon Musk’s X has begun rolling out X Money to a limited group of Premium+ users using traditional banking infrastructure provided by Cross River Bank, a Ripple banking partner.
Although some members of the XRP community speculated that the relationship could eventually support blockchain-based payments or stablecoin services, neither X nor Cross River Bank has announced plans to integrate XRP or other cryptocurrencies into the payment platform.
For now, X Money operates entirely through conventional banking rails despite Musk previously suggesting crypto features could be added to the platform’s financial services in the future.
Key Highlights
- Over 140 corporations including Visa, Mastercard, and Stripe support the OUSD stablecoin initiative
- Consortium-driven governance replaces traditional single-issuer control structure
- Zero-fee minting and redemption model eliminates direct transaction costs for businesses
- Primary focus includes corporate payment systems, settlement operations, and treasury management
- Major South Korean corporations like Samsung, Dunamu, and Shinhan participate in the initiative
On June 30, 2026, Open Standard unveiled OUSD with endorsement from Visa, Mastercard, Stripe, and over 140 corporate partners. This initiative focuses on enterprise-scale payment infrastructure and settlement solutions, employing a collaborative governance framework rather than centralized control. The platform offers zero-cost token issuance and redemption, potentially streamlining stablecoin adoption across corporate environments.
Collaborative Governance Model Defines OUSD Framework
Open Standard unveiled OUSD as a consortium-driven digital dollar initiative. The alliance encompasses payment processors, financial institutions, tech enterprises, cryptocurrency exchanges, and blockchain service providers. This launch bridges conventional finance with digital asset ecosystems through unified operational infrastructure.
Unlike traditional stablecoins controlled by singular entities, OUSD operates through a partner-governed board system for strategic oversight. This framework provides member organizations with meaningful input on governance matters and strategic development.
The model distributes reserve income among participating organizations following operational expenses. Consequently, partners obtain tangible financial incentives tied to broader market penetration. This arrangement encourages active promotion since member firms benefit directly from ecosystem expansion.
Leading Payment Processors Anchor Extensive Corporate Coalition
Among Open Standard’s supporters, Visa, Mastercard, and Stripe represent the most prominent payment industry players. Their participation establishes robust connections to worldwide payment infrastructure and commercial networks. This involvement reflects growing institutional appetite for stablecoin-based settlement mechanisms.
Additional consortium members feature BlackRock, BNY, Coinbase, Google, IBM, Ripple, OKX, and Standard Chartered. The roster extends to BBVA, DBS, Mizuho, MoonPay, Rakuten Group, and Crypto.com. OUSD launches with comprehensive backing spanning banking, payment processing, technology sectors, and cryptocurrency services.
South Korean members comprise Samsung Electronics, Hanwha Group, Dunamu, and Shinhan Financial Group. The Korean contingent also features K-Bank, KB Kookmin Card, Samsung Card, BC Card, and Hana Card. Hyundai Card, NH Nonghyup Card, and Woori Card complete the regional partnership lineup.
Corporate Settlement Infrastructure Emphasizes Cost Efficiency
Open Standard architected OUSD for cost-effective, high-capacity stablecoin operations. Organizations can create and redeem tokens without transaction charges, based on release specifications. This characteristic holds particular significance for payment processing, treasury functions, and settlement workflows.
The platform eliminates predetermined supply caps. OUSD circulation can grow proportionally with rising commercial demand. This methodology seeks to accommodate substantial transaction volumes without imposed supply constraints.
OUSD deployment remains planned for late 2026. Upon launch, it will compete directly with dominant stablecoins like USDT and USDC. Open Standard frames OUSD as collaborative enterprise infrastructure rather than a centrally controlled financial instrument.
Crypto World
Circle (CRCL) slides as Stripe, Coinbase (COIN) and BlackRock (BLK) back rival stablecoin network
With more institutions embracing stablecoins, the competition is increasingly shifting from issuing tokens to determining who controls the underlying infrastructure and network.
Unlike most existing stablecoins, Open USD will allow businesses to mint and redeem tokens without fees while returning reserve income to participating partners, less a management fee. Governance will also be shared among members rather than controlled by a single issuer.
The model targets one of the core economics of today’s stablecoin market. Issuers such as Circle earn revenue by investing reserves backing their tokens in short-term U.S. Treasuries and retaining most of the interest generated by those assets. Open USD instead plans to distribute that yield to participating businesses.
The approach resembles the Global Dollar Network (USDG), a stablecoin consortium led by Paxos that shares reserve income with participating firms. That network is backed by companies including Robinhood, Kraken and Galaxy Digital, and was designed to encourage broader adoption by aligning incentives between the issuer and distribution partners.
In Europe, a group of banks and payment providers launched Qivalis, a venture to develop a euro-denominated stablecoin as financial institutions seek to build shared digital payment infrastructure.
The breadth of Open USD’s backing reflects that shift. Beyond Stripe, Coinbase, Mastercard and Visa, launch partners include BNY, Standard Chartered, DBS, U.S. Bank, Shopify, Google, IBM, Mercado Pago, Fireblocks, Anchorage Digital, MetaMask, Aave, Solana, Polygon and Ripple.
David Schwartz, co-founder of the XRP Ledger and Ripple CTO Emeritus, has proposed a two-component transaction reservation mechanism to address front-running and sandwich attack risks on XRPL’s native DEX and AMM.
The proposal, surfaced in response to concerns raised by XRP-focused analytics account XRPresso.io, introduces priority execution guarantees for users willing to pay a reservation fee, a market-integrity measure with direct relevance as institutional inflows into XRP products continue to scale.
The proposal is currently under community discussion and has not been formalized as a network amendment. That distinction matters: on the XRP Ledger, protocol changes require a supermajority of validators to vote in favor before activation, meaning Schwartz’s design carries weight but faces a defined governance process before it touches mainnet.
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How the Ripple XRP ReservedTxns Mechanism Actually Works
The scheme introduces two new protocol components. The first is a ReservedTxns ledger object, which stores a target ledger sequence number and an array of up to 32 transaction IDs.
When that specific ledger executes, any listed transactions present in the consensus set are processed first, ahead of all other transactions, after which the object is deleted. The second component is a TxnReserve transaction type, which allows a user to claim a priority slot for one or more future transactions by submitting a reservation before the target ledger closes.
Three constraints govern the TxnReserve: the reservation fee must be at least twice the standard transaction fee; the target ledger must fall within 16 ledgers of the current one; and the actual transaction must set its LastLedgerSequence to match the reserved ledger.
Those rules are not incidental, they define both the economic cost of using the system and the narrow time window in which it operates. The 16-ledger ceiling keeps reservations tightly coupled to near-term execution, preventing the mechanism from being weaponized as a general-purpose queue-gaming tool.
DoS protection is built in through dynamic fee scaling: as reservation slots fill past 16, fees step upward, reaching several multiples of the base reserve near 30 slots. Schwartz also specified that XRPL server software would hold reserved transactions and release them only close to when the prior ledger’s proposals are known, compressing the pre-execution visibility window.
“This guarantees that you can execute your transaction ahead of any transaction that was formed after your transaction was disclosed,” Schwartz said. “You would use this approach any time you want to perform a transaction that you want to ensure cannot be sandwiched or front run.”
The XRPL-Specific Front-Running Problem Schwartz Is Solving
XRPresso’s concern centers on a structural feature of the XRP Ledger: pending transactions sit in a publicly visible queue before a ledger closes, giving validators and well-connected nodes advance sight of incoming trades.
Because canonical transaction ordering on XRPL is determined by a known, deterministic formula involving transaction hashes, a sophisticated actor can submit similar transactions repeatedly to increase the probability of landing in a favorable slot relative to a target trade, the mechanistic basis for a sandwich attack on the DEX or AMM.
Schwartz acknowledged the exposure but contested the framing. He argued that all participants have equal access to the public queue, and that validators gain no structural ordering advantage unless several conspire.
“If multiple validators did conspire, or a single validator attempted it, it would be very obvious to everyone exactly who was doing this,” he said, adding that no such attempt has been confirmed outside of a proof-of-concept.
He also flagged a practical profitability constraint: extracting meaningful value requires simultaneously high liquidity (to generate volume worth targeting) and low liquidity (to move price at manageable cost), a combination rarely present on XRPL.
That argument has not fully satisfied critics, but it does distinguish XRPL’s current risk profile from Ethereum’s historically active MEV environment.
The front-running debate in DeFi is not isolated to the XRP ecosystem. Binance co-founder Changpeng Zhao proposed a dark pool perpetuals DEX last year using zero-knowledge cryptography to conceal order data until execution, an approach that drew its own criticism from decentralization advocates who argued it recreates the information asymmetries crypto was designed to eliminate.
XRPresso made a similar argument in response to Schwartz, contending that targeted confidentiality for pending transaction details would be a cleaner long-term fix than a reservation fee layer, and pointing to implementations already live on competing chains.
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- REAL launches private execution layer for RWA institutions.
- ZKsync tech enables confidential on-chain settlement via Ethereum.
- Platform aims to bridge the privacy gap in institutional blockchain use.
REAL has introduced a confidential execution layer designed to support regulated financial institutions operating in tokenized real-world asset (RWA) markets, addressing one of the key barriers to broader institutional adoption of blockchain-based finance.
The new layer, built using ZKsync’s Prividium technology, operates alongside REAL’s public Layer 1 network.
According to the company, it enables institutions to keep positions, allocations, and counterparty data private while still benefiting from public settlement and liquidity through Ethereum.
The company said the confidential layer is intended to provide privacy controls without compromising compliance, liquidity, or distribution, allowing institutions to participate in onchain markets while maintaining the confidentiality required for regulated financial operations.
Confidential infrastructure targets institutional needs
REAL said the new execution layer is designed to bridge the gap between public blockchain infrastructure and the operational requirements of regulated financial institutions.
While public blockchains offer benefits such as global access, instant settlement, and composability, the company noted that institutions have been reluctant to conduct business on networks where sensitive information—including positions, treasury strategies, and counterparty relationships—is publicly visible.
Because the confidential layer settles transactions on Ethereum, institutions can access the broader onchain capital market while maintaining operational privacy instead of operating within isolated private networks.
Platform supports regulated financial workflows
According to REAL, the confidential execution layer is built to support a range of institutional workflows where privacy is considered essential.
These include wealth and asset management activities that require protected portfolio information, balance sheet operations, tokenized deposit models, and selective disclosure capabilities for auditors, compliance teams, and regulators when necessary.
The company said institutions using the platform will continue to benefit from blockchain-native settlement, distribution, and liquidity while avoiding the need to expose sensitive business activity on fully public networks.
The launch also expands REAL’s broader strategy of supporting the entire lifecycle of tokenized real-world assets within a compliance-focused infrastructure.
The company said its platform covers issuance, risk assessment, insurance, trading, and institutional execution under a single architecture designed for regulated financial markets.
REAL expands institutional blockchain offering
REAL describes itself as an institutional blockchain infrastructure provider focused on compliant real-world asset tokenization and risk-managed capital flows.
Built on Cosmos Tendermint, the platform supports multiple stages of onchain financial products, including issuance, compliance, liquidity, insurance, risk assessment, and trading.
The company said its dual-validator architecture combines technical validators with business validators such as tokenizers, risk scorers, insurers, and credit agencies to provide an infrastructure aimed at institutional trust.
The confidential execution layer uses ZKsync’s Prividium privacy technology, which is designed to enable regulated entities to operate onchain with configurable confidentiality, selective disclosure, and settlement on Ethereum.
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