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China Deploys Blockchain for Green Energy Certification in 2030 Market Reform

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TLDR:

  • China mandates blockchain technology for full-chain green electricity certification by 2030. 
  • Market-based electricity trading will reach 70% of national consumption under unified system. 
  • Green certificates will integrate with carbon emission accounting through blockchain tracking. 
  • China seeks to promote domestic green power consumption standards as international benchmarks.

 

China will deploy blockchain technology across its national green electricity certification system under new State Council guidelines released in February 2026.

The reform document mandates full-chain certification for green electricity production and consumption using distributed ledger technology.

Blockchain integration represents a central component of the country’s unified electricity market reform scheduled for completion by 2030.

The certification mechanism aims to establish transparent tracking of renewable energy from generation through end-user consumption.

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China seeks to transform its green electricity consumption standards into international benchmarks through this technological infrastructure.

Blockchain Powers National Green Certificate Tracking Infrastructure

The green electricity market reform introduces blockchain as the technical foundation for certification processes. The policy directs authorities to “fully introduce blockchain and other technologies” into the national system.

Full-chain certification will track renewable energy across production, transmission, and consumption stages. The technology deployment ensures transparency and prevents double-counting in green electricity claims.

Green certificates will function as basic identification tools for renewable energy environmental attributes. The national unified green certificate market will expand in scale and functionality.

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Blockchain implementation supports monitoring of certificate prices to maintain reasonable market levels. The system combines compulsory consumption requirements with voluntary participation options for market participants.

Multi-year purchase agreements between renewable energy issuers and users will operate on blockchain infrastructure. The technology enables automated verification and settlement of long-term contracts.

Inter-provincial new energy priority generation plans can be implemented through blockchain-tracked green power trading.

Various trading models including aggregation transactions will leverage the distributed ledger framework for enhanced efficiency.

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Carbon Accounting Integration Targets International Recognition

China will study feasible pathways for including green certificates in carbon emission accounting systems. Blockchain traceability features support accurate measurement of emission reductions from renewable energy consumption.

The certification mechanism connects green electricity markets with carbon trading frameworks. Agricultural and forestry biomass power generation projects may participate in voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction markets.

The reform strengthens international communication regarding green certificate application and accounting methods.

China aims to promote domestic green electricity consumption standards as international norms. Blockchain-based certification provides verifiable data for cross-border recognition of renewable energy attributes.

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The technology addresses growing demand from multinational corporations for auditable clean energy procurement.

Green power standard systems will undergo improvements to align with global practices. Full-chain blockchain certification offers third-party verification capabilities without central authority dependencies.

This approach appeals to international stakeholders requiring independent validation of environmental claims. The distributed architecture supports integration with emerging global carbon accounting protocols.

Unified Market Framework Enables Blockchain Deployment Scale

The broader electricity market reform creates necessary conditions for blockchain technology adoption. By 2030, market-based trading will reach 70% of total electricity consumption nationwide.

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All power sources and users except guarantee customers will participate directly in market transactions. This scale provides sufficient transaction volume to justify distributed ledger infrastructure investments.

Cross-provincial and intra-provincial joint transactions will operate through interconnected platforms. Blockchain technology facilitates information sharing and mutual recognition across regional boundaries.

The system enables registration in one location with nationwide data sharing for electricity market operators. Standardized data models and information interaction protocols support blockchain interoperability requirements.

New business entities including virtual power plants will participate in blockchain-enabled markets. These operators must meet technical standards for operation monitoring and information interaction.

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Distributed energy resources can aggregate and trade through blockchain smart contracts. The technology reduces transaction costs for smaller participants while maintaining security and transparency.

Market participants will access unified credit systems built on blockchain infrastructure. Credit information collection and sharing will operate through distributed networks.

Power generation enterprises, electricity sales companies, and users will receive credit evaluations using blockchain-verified transaction histories.

The tamper-resistant nature of distributed ledgers enhances trust in market operations and regulatory compliance.

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Former FTX engineer Nishad Singh agrees to $3.7M penalty in CFTC settlement

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Former FTX engineer Nishad Singh agrees to $3.7M penalty in CFTC settlement

Former FTX head of engineering Nishad Singh has agreed to pay a $3.7 million fine to resolve his case with the US commodities regulator.

Summary

  • Nishad Singh agreed to pay $3.7 million in disgorgement to settle CFTC charges tied to FTX’s collapse and misuse of customer funds.
  • The settlement includes a five-year trading ban and an eight-year registration ban, with regulators citing his cooperation in limiting further penalties.

Singh will pay a disgorgement of $3.7 million as part of a supplemental consent order for his role in the collapse of FTX and the misappropriation of user funds, according to an April 1 statement from the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

As part of the supplemental consent order, he has also been handed a five-year ban on trading in markets and an eight-year registration ban that blocks him from obtaining a license to operate within the sector.

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CFTC enforcement director David Miller ruled out additional restitution or civil monetary penalties for now and said the current resolution reflects Singh’s cooperation with authorities.

“The defendant engaged in, and aided, significant violations of the Act and CFTC regulations as the former FTX head of engineering, and the consent orders reflect the severity of these violations,” Miller said.

A Bloomberg report noted that attorneys representing Singh said he was grateful the matter had been resolved and added that the regulator recognized his limited role in the underlying conduct.

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Singh was accused of personally misappropriating millions of dollars in assets as part of FTX’s collapse. The commission charged the former executive with two counts of fraud by misappropriation and aiding and abetting fraud.

Subsequently, he entered into the consent order and agreed to cooperate with the commission’s investigators.

As previously reported by crypto.news, Singh was also spared from prison and received three years of supervised release.

In the meantime, FTX founder and former CEO Sam Bankman-Fried has filed a pro se motion seeking a new trial in his federal fraud case.

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Bankman-Fried is currently serving a 25-year sentence on seven counts of fraud and conspiracy but has argued that key witness testimony was missing from his 2023 trial.

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Alabama Passes DUNA Act Granting DAOs Legal Status

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Law, DAO

The US state of Alabama has become the second US jurisdiction after Wyoming to grant decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) legal status under the DUNA Act.

The Decentralized Unincorporated Nonprofit Association (DUNA) Act (Senate Bill 277) was introduced in February by Republican Senator Lance Bell. The House passed it 82-7 with 16 abstentions on March 17, and has now been signed by Alabama Governor Kay Ivey, according to a16z Crypto.

Speaking about the bill’s passage, a16z Crypto’s head of policy and general counsel, Miles Jennings, said on Wednesday that “decentralized governance is essential to crypto’s future — it’s one of the core constructs in market structure legislation.”

The bill provides legal status and limited liability protections to DAOs, solving a long-unresolved question in crypto: How DAOs exist from a legal standpoint in the real world. 

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It gives decentralized communities “the certainty to build, govern, contract, and scale in the real world,” added Jennings. 

Full legal entity status for DAOs

To qualify, a DAO must have at least 100 members joined for a common nonprofit purpose, such as governing a blockchain network or smart contract system.

Governance can operate entirely through blockchain technology and smart contracts, and voting, proposals and consensus mechanisms can all be stored onchain.

These organizations will have full legal entity status, they can own property, sue and be sued, and enter into contracts, while individual members and administrators will be shielded from personal liability. 

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Related: Aave DAO backs V4 mainnet plan in near-unanimous vote

“As federal crypto market structure legislation moves closer to becoming law, builders need effective domestic legal structures,” added Jennings. 

West Virginia DUNA Act awaits approval 

A similar DUNA bill (HB 5060), introduced by Representative Tristan Leavitt in February, passed the House on March 4 and is awaiting the governor’s signature in West Virginia. 

Wyoming’s DUNA Act was signed into law by Governor Mark Gordon in March 2024. The state approved the first legally recognized DAO in the United States in July 2021. 

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Over 13,000 DAOs exist worldwide with collective treasury assets under DAO control surpassing $24.5 billion as of 2025, according to CoinLaw. The average DAO treasury size is around $1.2 million, and Ethereum and its layer-2 networks host over 85% of DAOs, reported PatentPC in March.

Law, DAO
DAO treasury composition. Source: CoinLaw

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