Tech
After Dozens of Incidents at OpenAI and Anthropic, OpenAI Pauses Model Training to Build More Safeguards
“OpenAI said it has paused training of its latest AI models,” reports the Associated Press, “as reports of AI agents going rogue mount.”
The decision to halt development came just hours after the company disclosed Friday that it was reviewing several incidents from the summer in which OpenAI agents searching federal government websites acted in unexpected ways beyond what was asked of them while gathering and distributing information… OpenAI said in a statement that it will resume training “only when we are confident that we have additional safeguards” in place, adding that it expects it will have to “hit pause” again as AI develops and other issues emerge… It is the second time in three months that OpenAI has halted development of its models. The first came in July after disclosure of a cyberattack targeting AI startup Hugging Face, a now notorious incident that raised fears the industry was losing control.
OpenAI “also said it had notified dozens of third parties about improper activity,” reports Reuters:
As of mid-September, one person briefed on the matter estimated that OpenAI had found roughly two dozen incidents of its agents acting in undesirable ways. But the number has continued rising as OpenAI teams sift through internal logs of the agents’ activities and find previously unknown cases, the two people close to the company said… OpenAI has acknowledged a general need for more transparency around rogue AI behavior… Even so, two people familiar with OpenAI’s investigation into its agents’ activity described it as locked down and shaped by company lawyers.
The process has been unusually compartmentalized for a company that some former employees say was more open about these issues in the past, the people said. Roughly 100 people were in some way involved in the process to understand the Hugging Face hack, three people briefed on the matter said. During that process, evidence of other incidents surfaced. Reuters has previously reported that OpenAI investigators looking into the Hugging Face breach were discouraged by the company’s lawyers from expanding the scope of the investigation to include other incidents. OpenAI said its lawyers did not discourage deeper investigation.
Many incidents have been uncovered by outside researchers rather than OpenAI directly. In several episodes, the agents took problematic actions that went unnoticed by the company for months.
Meanwhile, Axios reports that Anthropic’s Claude Opus 5.5 model “sought to escape a sandbox — a secure testing environment — in 1.5% of test runs, though the company emphasized that these were adversarial experiments where a task couldn’t be solved without escaping the sandbox.” Anthropic points out that those tests were run “without the additional safeguards we apply in production”. But they acknowledged that then Claude Opus 5.5 “when given apparent credentials to a public package registry in a simulated security exercise, took potentially harmful actions in roughly half of cases. Very rarely, pre-release snapshots produced and acted on spontaneous malicious tool calls, and during training some snapshots concealed actions from an automated grader.”
Claude Opus 5.5 “showed less misaligned behavior and less cooperation with misuse than any other recent Claude model on nearly all measures,” Anthropic adds, and “took overeager or destructive actions less than any other model we tested.” But Axios makes an interesting estimate about that 1.5% of test runs (without safeguards). “Anthropic and other companies conduct hundreds of thousands of test runs on their models, or more, sources said. That means even a small percentage of misaligned behavior can still amount to tens of thousands of incidents in which the models behaved in unexpected, sometimes troubling ways.”
The sheer number of incidents, which occurred in recent months in internal testing and the real world, indicates that the problem is orders of magnitude more complex than what is publicly known. The findings, which are surfacing as part of internal work to assess models and in investigations at both companies into model behavior, raise questions about whether either company — or any top model-maker — is currently capable of establishing complete control over their technology. The episodes include bypassing guardrails, creating message boards, escaping sandboxes, website hijacking, self-prompting or seeking to bypass monitors, sources said. They occurred in internal testing and in the real world, and many have yet to become public as security researchers continue to investigate, sources said…
Some at OpenAI see Hugging Face as a one-off, with disclosures about future incidents likely to be less severe due to improved controls and the unusual nature of the testing they conducted, which involved an unreleased model, sources told Axios. AI security researchers agree that there are simple fixes that will help AI companies avoid aspects of what made the Hugging Face episode appear so dangerous to outsiders.
Other AI executives and safety researchers, however, cautioned that they have limited confidence that AI companies will be able to prevent all problematic model behavior… It’s not about how damaging each individual instance was, Connor Leahy, AI researcher and executive director at ControlAI told Axios. The “crazy thing,” he said, is that these instances involve “autonomous systems doing things they were told not to do,” potentially including crimes.
Read more of this story at Slashdot.
Tech
The Data Center Backlash Should Also Be a Climate Reckoning. It Isn’t Yet
Welcome to the latest edition of Power Play! From now until the midterms, senior writer Molly Taft will be sharing their thoughts every Sunday on this political season’s hottest issue: data centers. We welcome reader comments, and will be answering questions from the comments section in future editions.
The post-lunchtime Climate Week panel featuring tech executives working on AI and data centers was only about a minute into the discussion when a man stood up a few rows over from me in the audience and started yelling.
“The idea that we can keep running on fracked gas is a lie!” he exclaimed as security tackled him.
The panel tried to get back to business after the protester was removed—only to be interrupted again when another person stood up. That’s how things proceeded for the next 10 minutes as protesters with the group Extinction Rebellion NYC staggered interruptions, yelling about various harms of AI over the speakers onstage, who tried valiantly to continue their conversation.
For nearly a decade, Extinction Rebellion groups have used public protest to draw attention to the climate emergency, staging disruptions at corporate-friendly events like this one at Climate Week. Usually, these types of interruptions draw polite silences or subtle eyerolls from panelists waiting for them to stop.
But this experience seemed particularly frustrating to these panelists. Cully Cavness, the cofounder and president of data center infrastructure company Crusoe, confessed to the session’s moderator that he was still thinking about the interruption several minutes after security had taken the last protester out.
I get why they were on edge. The protest at the panel was a microcosm of the tough couple of months for data center defenders, with public opinion at rock-bottom levels and moratoriums popping up in red and blue states. It’s understandable why tech folks would be tense.
Cavness, at one point, said that he assumed most of the protesters probably didn’t even live near a data center and didn’t understand the benefits they could bring to the local tax base. Emerald AI’s Varun Sivaram forged ahead talking about how data centers could become “good citizens,” to work on the grid to lower bills and bring more clean energy online.
“Careful what you wish for,” Sivaram cautioned the now-absent protesters near the end of the session, warning that depriving communities of data centers could deprive them of good actors to help transform the grid.
Lots of folks might take the opportunity, as the protesters did, to yell at a data center executive if given the chance. But unlike the Extinction Rebellion NYC members, climate change almost certainly wouldn’t be the first thing on their minds. Data centers were a hot topic at Climate Week, but it’s also a self-selecting event where people care about one particular issue.
Local concerns—the kind Sivaram and Cavness seemed to be responding to—have dominated the larger national conversation around data center dissent. Poll after poll show that climate is one of the last data center-related environmental concerns on the list for many voters behind water, energy use (and its impact on bills), and local air and noise pollution. Even some climate folks—notably investors—see the state of the atmosphere as a backseat issue. “Climate Week could basically be ‘AI and data center week,” cofounder and managing partner at VoLo Earth told the Wall Street Journal. “It’s all about energy, and most of us as climate investors, myself included, are focused on the energy system.”
During Climate Week, I also caught up with William Lawrence, who is currently locked in a tight race for Michigan’s 7th congressional district. Lawrence knows the climate crisis well—he’s one of the original founders of the Sunrise Movement climate activist group. He’s also made data center opposition, as well as opposition to AI, a cornerstone of his pitch to voters, which helped him win a tough Democratic primary.
Tech
What’s the Best Pet DNA Test? We Tested the Most Popular Ones
Don’t take the health or DNA test results as absolute truth, however. “This can lead to a false sense of security or false alarms,” says veterinarian Amanda Chambers. Forward your results to your veterinarian and always follow up by scheduling a visit to the vet if your pet is marked as a carrier for any genetic disease.
What the Results Can—and Can’t—Tell You
After chatting with Richardson, I’ve found that these are the major areas of limitation with at-home DNA test kits:
- Results depend on the size/diversity of the genetic database
- Most kits test known markers only—not full genomes
- Feline data is less developed
- Misinterpretation of results can lead to unnecessary concern
Wisdom Panel claims its cat breed results are over 98 percent accurate and its dog tests are over 99 percent accurate. However, there’s a huge disparity between the three kits I tested on my cats, particularly in breed ancestry. One problem with the vast disparity in results is that the three companies use different sample sizes and metrics to identify breeds.
But the biggest issue for cat owners taking these at-home DNA tests is that you can’t really identify most cats’ breeds the way you can with dogs. Unless your cat is a purebred, about 95 percent of cats don’t belong to a recognized breed. Cats’ genetic backgrounds are muddied—they’re just similar mixes with different physical characteristics, so the tests only show the breed(s) they share the most markers with. Basically, these tests for cats aren’t able to reliably tell us about breed composition, just similarity to other breeds’ traits in the company’s data pool.
From my research, it seems the breed identification part of these tests is more accurate for dogs, as dog DNA is so much more diversified. Breeds have been clearly defined after centuries of diversification, and dog DNA mutates quickly, with genes changing after just a few generations. Cats are not much different from their Egyptian ancestors.
Interestingly, in a 2023 CBS report, the news organization sent dog and human DNA to different at-home test companies and received varying results, with the dog’s DNA ranging from 65 to only 29 percent German Shepherd. The human DNA results were attributed to a bulldog, border collie, and cane corso mix.
In summation, unfortunately, there isn’t a single catchall way to determine a pet’s genetic makeup or ancestry. Humans like categories, and breeds are essentially human constructs based on how a dog or cat looks. The genetic part of the test is fun, but take it with a grain of salt—especially with cats.
Photograph: Molly Higgins
A Note on At-Home Allergy Testing Kits
I recently tested both of my cats for allergies and intolerances using a similar at-home test kit, the 5Strands Pet Food & Environmental Intolerance Test, for $100. For this, you only need to send a fur sample in the mail to a lab; results were sent to my inbox within seven days. The report showed that both of my cats had strong intolerances to common ingredients in their diet, such as various types of fish and chicken meal. This sent me into a panic about my cats’ health and (dis)comfort.
After further research, I learned that hair/fur samples are not an accurate way to measure allergies and intolerances. Studies show that kits claiming to provide these results perform no better than chance and often produce inconsistent or false results.
Tech
Anthropic’s Dario Amodei gets the SNL treatment
Saturday Night Live took on the AI industry’s recent warnings of doom last night, as cast member Jane Wickline offered her impression of Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei.
Weekend Update host Michael Che — who sounded a little uncertain about how to pronounce Amodei’s last name — kicked the segment off by describing the CEO as having “stumbled through a press tour” where he seemingly agreed with a former employee’s claim that artificial intelligence might destroy humanity.
Wickline’s version of Amodei sported an impressive wig and delivered halting answers that occasionally devolved into full-on Gollum-style exchanges with their dark side, at one point confessing, “AI is the devil and I its maker.”
Wickline-as-Amodei assured the audiences that AI executives “are all on the same page here: We do not condone what we are doing.”
“AI is not a weapon, it’s a tool: A tool for building weapons,” she declared. “And I urge you to urge me to stop.”
As for the technology’s supposed benefits, like potentially curing cancer, the fictional Amodei said, “Put it this way: In 10 years, there’s about a 10% chance that cancer won’t be a problem for anyone.”
Tech
The inevitable problem with measuring B2B marketing by leads
B2B companies today can track almost every movement a prospect makes, yet the numbers that appear most prominently on dashboards can still have little connection to the number executives and stakeholders ultimately care about: revenue. 87% of B2B marketers found it increasingly difficult to measure the long-term impact of campaigns, while nearly half were required to justify marketing spend to CFOs and CEOs every month.
This pressure is intensifying as software buyers take increasingly complicated routes to purchase. Gartner found in 2026 that B2B buyers use an average of seven information sources during a purchase, with 45% turning to generative AI during their research. At the same time, 67% preferred a completely digital, sales rep-free buying experience. A click therefore marks an increasingly small moment in a much larger commercial journey.
Yet marketing reporting can still end at the first conversion. A campaign generates leads, and the cost per lead looks acceptable, yet the harder question comes later: did those prospects enter a qualified pipeline, did they become customers, and did the advertising spend produce an economic return? Often, there’s a disconnect between what B2B marketing teams are trying to accomplish and what they measure, with lead-based metrics remaining widely used even as companies pursue account-based growth.
The problem becomes sharper in software markets, where a purchase can involve several stakeholders and repeated research before a deal closes. Gartner found that 74% of B2B buying teams experienced unhealthy conflict during the decision process, while buying groups can span five to 16 people. Attribution, under those conditions, is less a reporting exercise than an attempt to reconstruct how a commercial decision actually happened.
It is this gap that Waqas Khokhar, founder and CEO of ScalixAI, has made pivotal to his thinking. Khokhar, who spent nine years at Google before building the company, approaches paid advertising through the lens of the business outcome it is meant to influence. His argument lies in the belief that marketing should ultimately be accountable for the commercial journey it helps create.
Khokhar believes the difficulty starts with attribution itself. “The biggest issue is that companies don’t understand how individual channels influence the end goal, which is revenue,” he explains. In a product-led business, that means understanding how far a customer travels after arriving. In a sales-led model, he argues, obsessing over the cost of a booked demo can obscure whether those demos are producing commercially viable opportunities.
His experience at Google also shaped his view of how paid search should be managed. “Google Ads is ever-changing and ever-evolving, and most people don’t know how to move with the way the algorithm moves,” Khokhar argues. His analogy is a boat in a storm: fighting the current with a fixed playbook makes little sense when the environment itself keeps changing.
The more consequential shift, however, is what happens after the click. Khokhar states, “We want to know: what did I invest, and what did I get out of it?” CAC and CPA still have a role in establishing healthy economics, he argues, but pipeline and closed revenue provide the harder test.
ScalixAI’s reported client outcomes are used to illustrate that philosophy. Khokhar points to Oneleet, which generated 660 demos alongside more than $1 million in closed revenue and more than $2 million in active pipeline. Fyxer, he points out, reached more than 10,000 customers while recording 20x revenue growth within a year, while PAM AI delivered more than 3x ROI within months. These figures form the evidence behind the company’s argument that advertising needs to be evaluated inside the wider revenue system.
Khokhar puts the philosophy in more human terms. He observes that the company’s core values emerged through working with clients instead of being selected as abstract corporate principles. Referrals have since become its main sales channel, he notes, with client recommendations providing evidence that the partnership model is carrying weight commercially.
That model also shapes how ScalixAI charges. The company uses a flat retainer, a structure Khokhar frames as a reflection of where the agency believes its interests should sit: with the client’s growth rather than with the size of the media budget. Khokhar similarly argues that an agency should function as an extension of its client’s team, with regular communication and a genuine understanding of the business.
The operational challenge now is scale. Khokhar highlights that ScalixAI moved from zero to roughly 30 clients in 14 months, with selectivity playing a large role in protecting the company’s culture. He recalls terminating one relationship only days after it began because the working expectations were fundamentally misaligned. “Protecting the team’s energy is part of the job,” he argues.
His next target is growing clientele, supported by the systems and processes he began building early in the company’s growth. The larger question, though, reaches well beyond one agency. As B2B buyers move across search, social, AI, and human validation, marketers face a growing demand to prove what their activity actually produces.
Tech
OpenAI pauses training after a model escaped containment, and its kill switch failed
What just happened? As almost every new day brings stories of another AI agent going rogue and breaching an organization’s systems, OpenAI has announced a pause in the training of its most powerful artificial intelligence models. The announcement came hours after the company disclosed more incidents of its agents acting concerningly, and a separate report that its agents unsuccessfully tried to hack into a US Department of Education website.
OpenAI’s incident report links the pause to a separate September 20 escape from a restricted training environment. An internal research model found a gap in DNS filtering and used it to contact an external chatbot while attempting to answer a research question – so much for keeping it offline.
The company says the suspension covers training, evaluations, and running its most capable models with tools. Work will resume after OpenAI validates its fixes and completes additional adversarial testing. The particular model involved will not resume training; the company plans a fresh run with additional alignment improvements.
The monitoring system did raise an alert within 15 minutes, which a human acknowledged three minutes later. Unfortunately, the automatic shutdown failed to happen, and the run continued for another two and a half hours before someone stopped it manually.
Separately, Transluce reported that agents apparently linked to OpenAI attempted to break into the US Education Department’s civil rights website. OpenAI has not confirmed that incident, while the department said it found no evidence its website or databases were affected.
OpenAI also confirmed that agents used developer keys found online to access Census Bureau data and reposted public Securities and Exchange Commission information elsewhere. The SEC said no non-public information was accessed. While these were concerning actions beyond the agents’ instructions, confidential federal records weren’t stolen.
Friday’s disclosures also included an internal model publishing a researcher’s GitHub token in a public repository while trying to cheat on a theorem-proving task.

The revelations follow the Australian government breach revealed last week, in which an agent bypassed restrictions on a Medicare statistics portal in June. Authorities were only notified in September, although OpenAI says it found no evidence that individual patient records were accessed.
There was also July’s Hugging Face attack, which involved compromised accounts across four services and has since prompted a Senate investigation. Anthropic, meanwhile, has admitted that its own agents escaped a test environment and hacked three organizations.
This isn’t OpenAI’s first slowdown in AI development. In August, it announced a two-week reinforcement-learning pause and tighter security measures following the Hugging Face incident. It also kept its largest planned frontier reinforcement-learning run on hold.
More recently, Sam Altman backed Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei’s call to slow development so safeguards can catch up. That’s already helped trigger an antitrust lawsuit against four AI companies, with subscribers claiming a coordinated slowdown would leave them getting less for their money. It seems the industry is facing complaints about both moving too quickly and slowing down.
Tech
Planning a Fall Hike? Here’s How to Download a Map to Your iPhone

Fall is here, and after a sweltering summer the weather is finally cooling down. Before it gets too cold out, you might be thinking about planning some outdoor activities for yourself and others to enjoy, and a hike is a great way to get outside and see the changing of the seasons. Before you step out the door, you should plan and map your hike on your iPhone, and download it to your device so you don’t get lost.

When Apple released iOS 18 in 2024, it made some improvements in your iPhone’s Maps app, including the ability to create a custom walking route. These can help keep you on track without needing additional maps or equipment. This feature can also tell you the distance of a route, as well as what your elevation is while you’re on the trail. If you’re in Denver, I imagine it just says, “Up there.”
Here’s how to create your own custom route in Apple Maps on your iPhone.
Make a custom route on Apple Maps
1. Open Maps.
2. Either tap the blue icon marking your current location or long-press near where you want to start your route to drop a pin.
3. Tap the three dots (…) across the bottom of your screen.
4. Tap Create a Custom Route.
From here you have to plot your route by tapping around your map. You can tap intersections and landmarks — like restaurants and shops — and the app will start mapping your route. You can also tap intersections and unmarked locations on your map for a more granular approach to creating your route.
You don’t have to tap a location near your last route point, either. After you tap Create a Custom Route, you can tap a location miles away and Maps will create a route for you. It’s important to note that if you tap a location miles away from where you start your route, Maps will find a path that doesn’t involve busting through walls like the Kool-Aid man. In that regard, creating a route is just like getting driving directions on Maps.
While creating your route, Maps will also give you three route options if you tap your original location: Reverse, Out & Back and Close Loop. Reverse flips your route so where you initially started is now where your route ends. Out & Back maps your route on top of itself so you start and end where you began in a single path. Close Loop also ends your route where you started but for routes that are circular in nature.

Maps makes it easy to close your loop or end your route.
Apple/Screenshot by CNET
Once you’ve created your route, tap Save Route and you’ll be asked to name your route. Then tap the blue check mark in the top right corner of the new menu. Maps will also download your custom route to your iPhone, so you won’t have to worry about losing reception, especially if you’re hiking out in the wilderness.
Where to find your custom route
After you’ve saved your custom route, it will be moved to your Library in Maps. Here’s how to access it.
1. Open Maps. You can find your routes here, in Maps.
Apple/Screenshot by CNET
2. Tap your profile icon to the right of the search bar in Maps.
3. Tap Places.
4. Tap Routes.
5. Select the route you want to take.

After selecting the route, Maps will pull it up on your map. If you’re near the start of your route, tap Go and your iPhone will give you directions along your route. If you’re not near the start of the route, you can tap Directions and Maps will show you how to get to the start of your route.
For more, here’s what to know about iOS 27 and why your battery might be draining faster after updating. You can also check out why the iPhone Duo will launch with iOS 27.1.
Tech
OpenAI pauses advanced model development after AI agents bypass safeguards again
OpenAI says it is disposing of the development of its most powerful AI model, following multiple incidents of agents engaging in unexpectedly risky behavior. The announcement comes merely days after reports exposed how AI agents broke through the containment and went past the safety guardrails to access content on third-party websites.
“The incident exposed a gap in our controls over network restrictions. We therefore stopped the affected training run and have subsequently decided to pause all other training, evaluation, and inference with tool-use (defined broadly) for our most capable models until we have both validated that the gap is resolved and performed additional red-teaming of the system,” the company said in a disclosure note.

OpenAI hits pause after repeated agent breaches
Earlier this week, it was reported that an AI agent developed by OpenAI hacked the website of Australia’s healthcare service to access private data. This won’t be the first incident of its kind. A few weeks ago, agent swarms broke out of their sandbox containment and broke into the systems of Hugging Face. This was followed by numerous other instances where the AI models engaged in behavior that was not a part of their training exercise.
Just a couple of days ago it was reported that AI agents created by the ChatGPT maker also targeted at least three US government websites, including the U.S. SEC and Commerce Department. OpenAI’s chief, Sam Altman, has also admitted in a social media post that the company’s response to these security incidents could have been quicker.

The problem extends far beyond OpenAI
OpenAI won’t be the only frontier AI lab that has been mired in controversy lately regarding the security risks posed by AI agents. Similar incidents have also been reported involving Google’s Gemini AI model and Anthropic’s Claude, as well. In the wake of the recent incidents, OpenAI and Anthropic have called for slowing down the development of powerful AI models, but at the same time, the U.S. government has opposed the demands for standardized AI safety regulations.
It’s not just this unexpectedly risky behavior by AI models that is concerning, a process that experts refer to as misalignment. As AI agents continue to gain more autonomy and try to bend the rules in order to finish the task at hand, experts are also weighing the confusing situation with accountability when such incidents happen. So far, there is no concrete framework that has been adopted either at the national level or even globally, though the UN has called for an AI framework to be adopted with urgency.
Tech
Discord rolls out global age checks that sort most users automatically
Discord has started a global rollout of age checks that place users into age groups, with extra safety settings for teenagers. The rollout began on 22 September and will take several days, the company said in a blog post by chief technology officer Stanislav Vishnevskiy.
TNW is owned by Tekpon. Discord is listed on Tekpon’s marketplace.
Every account is put into one of three groups: adult, teen (13 to 17) or unconfirmed. Discord said more than 90% of users will be sorted automatically and will not need to prove their age.
To do this, the company uses a model that looks at account signals, such as how old the account is, which servers it joins and how active it is. Discord said the model does not read messages, calls or other content.
Users the model cannot place, or who want to confirm they are adults, can use other methods. These include a credit card check, age-range sharing from Apple’s App Store or Google Play, and a Google Wallet ID. Users can also take a video selfie processed on the device, scan an ID, or use a reusable credential called AgeKey.
Discord said its partners return only an age group and delete the data they receive. It also said it no longer uses manual reviews of ID documents, after a 2025 breach at a former support vendor.
For teen accounts, messages from people who are not friends go to a separate requests inbox. Age-restricted servers and channels are blocked, and sensitive images are blurred. Teens’ full profiles are visible only to friends and members of smaller servers.
Adults will see no change, according to the company. Users who have already confirmed their age do not need to do it again.
The age estimation model is not being used in the UK and Australia, where Discord already runs separate systems to meet local rules. It first expanded age checks in Texas and Brazil after those places brought in their own requirements.
Discord first announced global teen-by-default settings in February, with a rollout planned for March. It later delayed the launch to the second half of 2026 to add more ways to verify age.
Tech
GlobalFoundries reportedly sees strong demand for Chinese optical modules
Optical modules turn data into light so it can move quickly between servers in data centres. Chinese firms make nearly two-thirds of the world’s optical transceivers, according to research firm Counterpoint.
Shankaran Janardhanan runs the firm’s photonics and radio chip unit. He said this demand is part of why it has bet big on photonics, chips that use light to move data. He spoke at the company’s annual tech summit in Shanghai, the SCMP reported.
The firm is also growing in China to serve local buyers, according to the paper. In 2025, it agreed to make some car chips through a Chinese partner foundry for clients who need chips made in China.
Its photonics push includes the purchase of Singapore-based Advanced Micro Foundry in November 2025. After the deal, GlobalFoundries said it had become the largest pure-play silicon photonics foundry.
Meanwhile, its Asia Pacific head, Vincent Feng, said last week that the company is preparing a large capacity expansion driven by AI demand, the Taipei Times reported.
However, Chinese optics face pressure in the US. The FCC, the US telecoms regulator, is drafting a ban on them. Counterpoint has warned this could raise costs for US cloud firms such as Amazon and Microsoft.
Tech
Are Your Earbuds Damaging Your Ears? Look Out for These Warning Signs
After experiencing temporary hearing loss in my left ear, I became committed to protecting my hearing. Even though losing my hearing for a few weeks was caused by eustachian tube dysfunction — when the tube connecting the middle ear to the back of the nose no longer functions properly — I began to wonder about what else can negatively impact our ears.
While researching ear health tips, I discovered that a common piece of technology, my earbuds, could have contributed to my hearing issues. To find out more, I spoke to audiologists, health care providers who diagnose and treat hearing, balance and ear disorders. This is what they taught me.
Best Over-Ear Headphones We’ve Tested
Hearing and ear health risks associated with earbuds
Earbuds can pose a few risks, according to Dr. Ruth Reisman, a licensed audiologist and New York hearing aid dispenser. They can trap heat and moisture in the ear, increasing the risk of ear infections. With repeated use, earbuds can also push earwax deeper into the ear, leading to buildup or impaction. Plus, if your earbuds don’t fit correctly or you wear them for long periods, they can cause irritation or soreness in your ear canal.
“Earbuds sit directly in the ear canal, which can increase several risks. The biggest concern is noise-induced hearing loss if volume is too high or listening time is too long,” said Reisman. “I have witnessed all of these problems in the course of my 15 years as an audiologist.”
When you listen to content at high volume, particularly for an extended period, Dan Troast, an audiologist at HearUSA, explains that it can permanently damage the delicate hair cells in your inner ear. Earbud use combined with high volume can cause:
- Noise-induced hearing loss
- Tinnitus (ringing, buzzing or hissing in the ears)
- Sound sensitivity over time
Misusing earbuds is also common. If they don’t have noise cancellation, you might repeatedly turn up the volume to avoid hearing background noise, which can put you in an unsafe listening range fast. However, even listening at a moderate volume can become a problem if you do so for hours each day.
“Early signs of overexposure include temporary muffled hearing or ringing after listening sessions — both are warning signals from the auditory system,” Troast said. Even if you periodically experience temporary ringing in your ears, it can ultimately increase your risk of developing chronic tinnitus.
Best Noise-Canceling Headphones I’ve Tested
Earbuds and radiation
In my search for ear health tips, I came across several articles discussing whether wireless Bluetooth earbuds can cause harm through radiation. I asked Reisman if this is true.
“Current scientific evidence doesn’t show that the energy from Bluetooth earbuds causes harm,” she said. “These devices emit far less radiation than cell phones and remain well below established safety limits. From an audiology standpoint, sound exposure is a far greater risk than radiation.”

Me wearing my beloved AirPods Pro 2.
Anna Gragert/CNET
Follow the 60/60 rule when using earbuds
Both Reisman and Troast recommend the “60/60 rule” to people who wear earbuds. The 60/60 rule means you listen at no more than 60% of the maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes at a time.
“Daily use is fine if the volume stays safe and ears are given time to rest,” Reisman advises. “I usually tell patients to take a 15- to 20-minute break for every hour of use.”
If you haven’t already, Troast recommends checking whether your devices have built-in hearing health settings that automatically monitor volume exposure. For instance, on your iPhone, Apple Watch or iPad, you can set up headphone notifications to alert you to lower the volume when you’ve reached the seven-day audio exposure limit (such as 80 decibels for 40 hours over seven days). Or you can activate the Reduce Loud Audio feature to automatically lower your headphone volume once it exceeds your set decibel level.
Safer headphones for your ears
Over-the-ear headphones are generally safer, according to Reisman, because they sit outside the ear canal and don’t concentrate sound as directly on the eardrum. Since they aren’t in the ear canal like earbuds, they’re also less likely to cause irritation or earwax buildup.
“Over-the-ear headphones can be safer — if they allow for lower listening volumes,” said Troast. “Even better are noise-canceling headphones, which reduce background noise, so listeners don’t feel the need to crank up the volume.” Just make sure you’re still aware of your surroundings, especially if you’re outdoors near traffic.
Open earbuds could also be a safer option. They use bone-conduction technology, which transmits sound through the ear bones and skull rather than directly to the eardrum. “Several headphone companies claim open earbuds are better for your hearing health and are more hygienic,” said David Carnoy, CNET headphone expert.
Since open earbuds don’t sit inside or cover the ear:
- Warmth and moisture, like sweat, won’t build up, which can cause ear infections.
- Debris, such as dust, won’t transfer from the earbuds into the ear.
- They won’t push earwax deeper in your ear, which can lead to impaction.
- Don’t rub or press on the ear canal, reducing discomfort or irritation.
However, if you listen to content at high volumes, no headphone style is completely safe. What matters most for your ear and hearing health is total sound exposure over time, so make sure you’re monitoring your volume level and giving your ears breaks.

If you continue to wear earbuds, make sure you’re doing so safely — and that they fit properly.
Anna Gragert/CNET
Expert earbud tips
If earbuds are your preferred headphone type for listening to your favorite music, shows and podcasts, Troast offers the following tips from an audiology perspective:
- Use built-in volume limit settings on smartphones.
- Choose noise-canceling earbuds or headphones to avoid increasing volume in loud environments.
- Take regular listening breaks.
- Avoid sleeping in earbuds.
- Get a baseline hearing test, especially if you use earbuds daily.
If you’re already experiencing tinnitus, it’s especially important that you manage your volume level to prevent it from worsening.
Carnoy adds that there have also been instances of people being allergic to the materials used for earbud tips. If you have a known allergy, make sure your earbuds don’t use that material, or replace the tips. If you do have an allergic reaction, stop using the earbud tips until you can find a substitute.
Lastly, Reisman advises keeping your earbuds clean, avoiding sharing them and ensuring they fit properly. Most earbuds come with tips in different sizes, so you can find the right fit for your ear size.
Best Noise-Canceling Earbuds
When to see an audiologist or doctor for hearing issues
If you experience ringing in the ears, muffled hearing, ear pain or frequent infections, Reisman recommends you consider an evaluation with an audiologist.
You’ll also want to pay attention to early warning signs of inner ear damage from noise exposure, such as ringing in the ears, difficulty hearing or needing to turn up the volume over time.
If you’re already experiencing hearing loss, Troast said that addressing it with hearing aids can provide relief. Tinnitus, on the other hand, can be treated with evidence-based approaches such as sound therapy or specific counseling strategies.
“Hearing damage is gradual and cumulative,” Reisman said, “but it’s also largely preventable with smart and healthy listening habits.” And that includes using your headphones — or, in my case, earbuds — responsibly.
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