The Competition Appeal Tribunal has ruled that the Welsh Government’s £205m subsidy plans for Cardiff Airport are legal
The Welsh Government has seen off a legal challenge from Bristol Airport over plans to provide £205m of subsidy support to Cardiff Airport. The ruling is a major boost for the Rhoose-based airport as it seeks to expand its passenger numbers and grow non terminal related activities such as aviation training and attract more maintenance, repair and overhaul investment.
Following a two-day Competition Appeal Tribunal hearing in February Bristol Airport’s claim that the subsidy support to the Welsh Government-owned airport breached the Subsidy Control Act has been rejected in a judgment.
The Welsh Government, which has already released the first tranche of £20m of subsidy support to the airport, has welcomed the decision in a ruling from the tribunal chaired by Ben Tidswell.
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Bristol unsuccessfully claimed, in a case brought against Welsh Government ministers, that the subsidy, planned over ten years, breached the the Subsidy Control Act on four grounds, including taxpayers’ money shouldn’t be provided to prop up what it described as an ailing business .
It also argued that the funding represents unprecedented state support for a UK airport and would put it at a commercial disadvantage relative to its nearest rival.
On the issue of Cardiff Airport being a going concern, the judgment said: “The tribunal held that the respondent had considered the question expressly and had rationally concluded that CIAL (Cardiff International Airport) was not ailing or insolvent, principally because the extended standby credit facility (ESCF) provided liquidity support and ensured CIAL remained a going concern.
“The tribunal rejected Bristol’s argument that the ESCF should be disregarded, and found no irrationality in the respondent’s inquiry or conclusion.”
It also rejected Bristol’s claim that providing subsidy support to airlines to fly new routes out of Cardiff Airport was uncompetitive. Around half of the £205m has been earmarked to attract new airlines to Cardiff, but not for routes currently operated by Bristol.
The judgment concluded: “The tribunal held that none of the four grounds of challenge were made out. Accordingly, the appeal failed and the application for a declaration, quashing order and recovery order was dismissed.”
Following the judgment the Welsh Government said: “We welcome the competition appeal tribunal ruling that our investment in Cardiff Airport is lawful and can continue on its current terms.
“From the outset we recognised the huge potential of the airport to deliver significant additional benefits for the people and economy of south Wales.
“The leadership team at the airport will continue to deliver the economic objectives set out in our investment strategy. With a more certain future following the determination of the tribunal, we look forward to seeing the airport build on recent successes, including securing the new WestJet route from Cardiff to Toronto and to deliver even more services and attract more business and job opportunities to the region.
“The airport, which recently celebrated a 9% growth in passenger numbers for last year, is looking forward to its busiest summer flying programme in many years, and we very much hope to see both Cardiff Airport and Bristol Airport continue to thrive and grow.”
A spokesman for Bristol Airport said: “The competition tribunal heard significant concerns about the unprecedented £205m subsidy, which comes on the back of £181 million of taxpayers’ money that Cardiff Airport has already received. The subsidy will see Welsh taxpayers forking out around £71 for every single additional passenger flying out of Cardiff Airport.
“We’re disappointed that the tribunal feels that despite the burden being put on the taxpayer, the flexibility given by the Subsidy Control Act introduced after Brexit means that the subsidy can proceed. We’ll now take some time to study the decision in detail before deciding on our next steps.”
Bristol wouldn’t comment on whether it plans to appeal the ruling. The Welsh Government is now likely to seek recovery of its legal costs of around £2m.
Cardiff Airport achieved a near 10% rise in passengers last year but still remains well below its pre-pandemic level.
The airport welcomed 963,000 passengers in 2025, up 9% on 2024, with a 4% rise in air traffic movements. The airport said the increase was supported by significant growth from Ryanair and TUI. Cargo volumes, supported by a new base from European Cargo, experienced a 7% increase .
It is also continuing to invest in route development, with further new services planned for this year and 2027. Prior to the pandemic it handled 1.6 million passengers in 2019.










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