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UK government backs away from AI copyright overhaul as licensing emerges as the battleground

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UK government backs away from AI copyright overhaul as licensing emerges as the battleground

The UK government has stepped back from one of its most controversial proposals on artificial intelligence and copyright, signalling a decisive shift towards market-led licensing and greater transparency rather than sweeping legal reform.

In its long-awaited Report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, published in March 2026, ministers confirm they will no longer pursue a broad copyright exception for AI training with an opt-out mechanism — a policy that had triggered fierce opposition from across the UK’s creative industries.

Instead, the government is opting for a more cautious, evidence-led approach, prioritising transparency obligations and allowing a nascent but rapidly expanding licensing market to develop. The move marks a significant recalibration of policy at a time when the UK is seeking to position itself as both an AI superpower and a global creative hub.

At the heart of the report is a clear admission: the government’s preferred option, allowing AI developers to use copyrighted material unless rightsholders explicitly opted out, failed to win support.

The consultation attracted more than 11,500 responses, with the overwhelming majority of creators, publishers and rights organisations rejecting the proposal outright.

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Ministers now concede that a broad exception “with opt-out is no longer the government’s preferred way forward”, citing strong industry opposition, lack of consensus, and insufficient evidence on economic impact.

This represents a notable victory for the UK’s creative sectors, from publishing and music to film and photography, which argued that such an exception would effectively legalise uncompensated use of their work by generative AI systems.

The report lays bare the fundamental policy dilemma: how to balance AI-driven economic growth with the protection of intellectual property.

On one side sit AI developers, who require vast datasets, often including copyrighted material, to train large language models and generative systems. On the other are creators whose works underpin those systems but risk being displaced by them.

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The government acknowledges that modern AI models are typically trained on “billions of copyright works”, raising complex questions about fairness, consent and competition.

Yet it also highlights uncertainty around the economic benefits of reform, noting limited evidence that loosening copyright rules would materially increase AI investment in the UK.

In effect, ministers are choosing to pause rather than gamble.

Rather than legislating, the government is placing its bets on licensing, a market-based mechanism already beginning to take shape.

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A growing number of deals between AI firms and content owners, particularly in publishing, music and image libraries, suggests a commercial model is emerging. However, the report acknowledges this market is still “new and evolving” and lacks transparency.

Crucially, ministers have ruled out direct intervention for now:

“We propose not to intervene in the licensing market at this stage… and will keep market-led approaches under review.”

This position aligns closely with industry sentiment across both creative and technology sectors, which broadly favour voluntary, negotiated agreements over statutory schemes.

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However, it also raises important questions, particularly for SMEs and individual creators, about bargaining power and equitable remuneration.

Among those welcoming the shift is Tom West, CEO of Publishers’ Licensing Services (PLS), who sees licensing as both practical and scalable.

West said: “We welcome that the government has listened to the strong response it received from across the UK’s creative industries to its consultation and has stepped back from its preferred option of a copyright exception with an opt out and is to review the transparency of AI inputs, which would further boost licensing.

Whilst we await further clarity from the government on the long-term direction of its copyright policy, PLS will continue to serve our publishers and work with our partners on market-based, industry-backed AI licensing solutions.

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This approach is already being put into practice. At the London Book Fair last week, PLS launched the first stage of a new collective licensing solution designed specifically to support the use of published content in AI. It was met with strong interest and positive feedback from publishers and industry partners, with publishers already beginning to sign up. The solution offers a practical, scalable way for AI developers to access high-quality content while ensuring creators are paid and retain control over how their work is used.

The case has not been made for the introduction of a new copyright exception. There is no market failure and a dynamic licensing market for the use of content in AI has developed and continues to grow. Any copyright exception for generative AI would jeopardise these licensing solutions, removing the ability of large and small rightsholders to receive payment for the use of their works in AI and reducing control over their content.

PLS welcomes the government’s engagement on this critical issue. We share a commitment to a mutually beneficial outcome and invite the government to work closely with us to help further develop and promote licensing options that support rightsholders of all sizes and AI developers seeking high-quality, trusted content.”

If licensing is the economic mechanism, transparency is the regulatory lever.

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More than 90% of consultation respondents supported requirements for AI developers to disclose the sources of training data.

The government agrees, in principle, but stops short of immediate regulation. Instead, it proposes:
• developing industry-led best practice
• monitoring international frameworks (notably the EU AI Act)
• considering future legislation if needed

Transparency is seen as essential to enable enforcement, licensing and trust, particularly given that creators often have no visibility over whether their work has been used.

For UK businesses, particularly SMEs, the implications are nuanced.

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For creators and publishers
• greater protection in the short term
• stronger negotiating position in licensing deals
• ongoing challenges around enforcement and visibility

For AI startups and developers
• continued legal uncertainty
• potential cost barriers to accessing training data
• reliance on licensed or overseas-trained models

For the wider economy
• slower regulatory clarity
• reduced risk of over-regulation
• continued dependence on global AI ecosystems

The report explicitly notes that SMEs on both sides, creators and developers, face disproportionate challenges under the current system.

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Perhaps the most striking aspect of the report is its tone: cautious, iterative, and deliberately non-committal.

The government repeatedly emphasises the need for more evidence, more international alignment, and more market development before taking decisive legislative action.

With ongoing litigation in the US, new rules emerging in the EU, and rapid advances in generative AI, the UK risks being pulled in multiple directions, economically, legally and politically.

This is not a resolution, it is a holding position.

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By stepping back from sweeping reform, the government has bought time. But it has also shifted responsibility onto the market to prove that licensing can work at scale, fairly and efficiently.

If it can, the UK may yet carve out a balanced model that supports both innovation and creativity.

If it cannot, the debate over copyright and AI will return, sharper, louder, and far harder to resolve.


Paul Jones

Harvard alumni and former New York Times journalist. Editor of Business Matters for over 15 years, the UKs largest business magazine. I am also head of Capital Business Media’s automotive division working for clients such as Red Bull Racing, Honda, Aston Martin and Infiniti.

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greg mcnally, managing partner of vita

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greg mcnally, managing partner of vita

Stepping away from a long and successful career in Big Four and national accountancy firms is no small decision, yet that is exactly what Greg McNally did when he founded VITA.

Today, he leads one of the UK’s largest independent VAT and indirect tax advisory businesses, built on a simple but powerful principle: understanding clients first, then delivering real value. With more than two decades of experience, McNally has seen the profession evolve dramatically, and set out to challenge the status quo with a consultancy that prioritises relationships, authenticity, and commercially focused advice in an increasingly complex tax landscape.

McNally is Managing Partner and founder of VITA, a Glasgow-headquartered specialist firm of VAT and indirect tax advisors. With a combined 85+ years of experience across the team, VITA is now the largest independent VAT and indirect tax consultancy in Scotland and one of the largest in the UK.

Rather than focusing purely on compliance, VITA specialises in high-value advisory work, helping businesses navigate complex tax strategy, transactions, and commercial decision-making. The firm works closely with clients at the earliest possible stage of projects, ensuring tax is considered proactively rather than retrospectively.

That said, the team is equally adept at stepping in when challenges arise, whether that’s limited options late in a deal cycle or managing HMRC enquiries. Known for its pragmatic, commercially minded approach, VITA combines deep technical expertise with a problem-solving mindset to deliver clarity, confidence, and value.

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What was the inspiration behind VITA?

I founded VITA in 2019 after a 20-year career with Big Four and a national accountancy firm, where I reached partner level.

Over that time, I saw the profession change significantly. Accountancy services have increasingly become commoditised, and in many cases, the depth of client relationships has diminished. Earlier in my career, accountants were often trusted advisers, people who genuinely understood their clients’ businesses and were part of their wider journey.

VITA was created in response to that shift. The goal was to build a firm that prioritises understanding—understanding our clients’ motivations, challenges, and ambitions—and then adding value through insight, not just process. That ethos still underpins everything we do today.

Who do you admire?

The clients I’ve worked with over the past 25 years.

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Particularly those who’ve built something from nothin, who identified a gap in the market, challenged convention, and had the belief to bring their vision to life. I’ve always found their origin stories fascinating. There’s something incredibly powerful about that combination of resilience, creativity, and determination.

Looking back, is there anything you would have done differently?

No. Every mistake is a learning point, and I wouldn’t wish any of them away.

Life is a process of joining the dots, you can always look back and understand how you got to where you are. Looking forward is a different story. Plans rarely unfold exactly as expected, so the real skill lies in being agile, adapting quickly, and responding to what’s in front of you.

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What defines your way of doing business?

Traditional values in a modern, fast-paced environment.

At its core, business is quite simple: listen to your clients, understand what they actually need, not what you want to sell them—and then deliver exactly what you promised, on time and on budget.

The challenge lies in scoping work properly and communicating clearly throughout the process. Don’t overpromise. Don’t overcommit. Be honest, be authentic, and do the right thing.

At VITA, we live by two mantras:
“Say what you do and do what you say” and “Do the right thing.”

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What advice would you give to someone starting out?

You can’t learn experience—you have to live through it.

Early in my career, I focused heavily on learning—building knowledge, developing skills, and growing my network. That phase takes time, and there are no shortcuts. But the rewards come later.

Put the work in early, stay curious, and be patient. The return on that investment will follow.


Amy Ingham

Amy is a newly qualified journalist specialising in business journalism at Business Matters with responsibility for news content for what is now the UK’s largest print and online source of current business news.

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Trustpilot profits jump as AI search drives traffic and shares surge 28%

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Trustpilot profits jump as AI search drives traffic and shares surge 28%

Trustpilot has emerged as an early beneficiary of the shift towards artificial intelligence-led search, reporting a sharp rise in profits and a surge in its share price after a year of strong growth driven by increased exposure through large language models.

Shares in the consumer review platform jumped as much as 28 per cent following results that beat market expectations, as investors responded positively to signs that the business is successfully adapting to the changing dynamics of online discovery. The company posted pre-tax profits of $14.1 million for the year to December, up significantly from $5.2 million the previous year, underpinned by stronger customer retention and a shift towards higher-value contracts.

Revenue rose 24 per cent year-on-year, with growth recorded across the UK, Europe and the United States. Trustpilot also reported a 16 per cent increase in average annual contract value, reflecting its success in moving upmarket and monetising its platform more effectively.

Central to that performance has been the company’s growing visibility within AI-powered search environments. Trustpilot said click-throughs from AI-driven platforms increased more than fifteenfold over the past year, highlighting how rapidly consumer behaviour is shifting away from traditional search engines towards conversational interfaces powered by large language models.

The company has actively opened its data to these platforms, allowing its reviews to be surfaced within AI-generated answers. According to Promptwatch data, Trustpilot ranked as the fifth most cited domain globally on ChatGPT in January, a position that has significantly enhanced its reach and relevance.

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Chief executive Adrian Blair described artificial intelligence as a “major tailwind” for the business, noting that visibility within AI search has become a key selling point when engaging with clients. As businesses increasingly focus on how they appear within AI-generated responses, Trustpilot’s repository of verified consumer feedback has become a valuable asset in the emerging search ecosystem.

Analysts suggested the results offer an early indication that the transition from traditional search to AI-led discovery could create new winners, particularly for platforms built around user-generated content. Investec analysts noted that Trustpilot’s performance demonstrates how this shift could benefit businesses whose data is highly relevant to AI-driven queries.

Alongside its earnings growth, Trustpilot announced a £30 million share buyback programme, including £7.5 million allocated to its employee benefit trust, signalling confidence in its financial position and long-term prospects. The company also upgraded its medium-term profitability targets, forecasting that its adjusted EBITDA margin will rise from 15.6 per cent in 2025 to 25 per cent by 2028 and 30 per cent by 2030.

The strong results mark a rebound after a turbulent period for the company’s share price. In December, Trustpilot faced scrutiny following claims by short-seller Grizzly Research alleging questionable practices in its dealings with non-paying customers. The company strongly denied the allegations and issued a detailed rebuttal, helping to stabilise investor sentiment after an initial sell-off.

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The stock was also caught in a broader downturn affecting software companies earlier this year, but the latest results suggest Trustpilot may be structurally better positioned than many peers in an AI-driven market.

Blair emphasised that the company’s core proposition remains fundamentally distinct from other technology businesses. While AI can aggregate and present information, he argued, it cannot replicate the real-world customer experiences that underpin Trustpilot’s platform.

As artificial intelligence continues to reshape how consumers search, discover and evaluate brands, Trustpilot’s ability to embed itself within that ecosystem appears to be driving both immediate performance gains and longer-term strategic value.


Jamie Young

Jamie Young

Jamie is Senior Reporter at Business Matters, bringing over a decade of experience in UK SME business reporting.
Jamie holds a degree in Business Administration and regularly participates in industry conferences and workshops.

When not reporting on the latest business developments, Jamie is passionate about mentoring up-and-coming journalists and entrepreneurs to inspire the next generation of business leaders.

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Computer says no. Are AI interviews making it harder to get a job?

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Computer says no. Are AI interviews making it harder to get a job?

Bhuvana Chilukuri has sent more than 100 job applications and is convinced very few have been seen by a human.

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Cornwall wins government backing for independent devolution as Devon merger ruled out

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It means the Duchy will remain separate from Devon in its devolution journey

Sunshine at Newquay harbour

Sunshine at Newquay harbour(Image: Western Morning News)

Cornwall has taken another significant stride in its devolution ambitions with a decision that “firms up” the county’s position against merging with Devon as a cross-border local authority. Cornwall Council’s Liberal Democrat/Independent cabinet today (Wednesday, March 18) voted to accept, in principle, the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government’s proposal to explore designating the authority as a Single Foundation Strategic Authority.

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In what represents a prime example of local government terminology, cabinet members backed the initiative which would be “consistent with the request for a Cornwall-only Spatial Development Strategy footprint to ensure coterminosity between the two”.

Put simply, subject to satisfaction with the broader details, Cornwall Council will avoid amalgamation with any other South West authority and will persist in pursuing greater devolution from Westminster, with a long-term goal of administering its own affairs akin to fellow Celtic nations, Wales and Scotland.

Today’s decision follows correspondence last November from the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, Steve Reed, which set out his proposals regarding enhanced devolution to Cornwall.

He said: “We also recognise the strong enthusiasm in Cornwall for devolution and the benefits it provides. In recognition of Cornwall’s distinct local identity and history of programme delivery across the Cornwall footprint, the Government is minded, on an exceptional basis, to work with you to explore designating the council as a Single Foundation Strategic Authority.”

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Cornwall Council leader Cllr Leigh Frost said: “I don’t want anyone to think ‘oh devolution, it’s the end of the journey now’. This is absolutely the start for us to really take that fight to the next level, but we have to operate within the frameworks that the Government says we have to operate in.

Cllr Leigh Frost pictured in the chamber after being elected as the new leader of Cornwall Council  (Pic: Lee Trewhela / LDRS)

Cllr Leigh Frost pictured in the chamber(Image: Local Democracy Reporting Service)

“The long-term aim is a devolution arrangement that sits similarly to Wales and Scotland, but we aren’t going to get there tomorrow and we have to use the opportunities that we’ve got in front of us now to get there.

“The key thing is to protect the Cornwall footprint, make sure we get extended powers for Cornwall and then we can make a stronger case as we go forward to continue making those arguments of why we should be a distinct and separate nation in the United Kingdom.”

Cllr Tim Dwelly, cabinet member for economic regeneration and investment, added: “It’s really quite an amazing result for us; for those of us who were opposed to a Mayor of Cornwall being imposed against the will of the people and for the idea of combining with Devon.

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“For anyone who is aware of the change of political control of this authority, this is probably one of the biggest changes that we have absolutely firmed up – the idea that Cornwall is not going to combine with Devon and Government has recognised that.

“I don’t think it’s a small thing. I think it took a lot of tough politics.”

Cllr Dick Cole, leader of Mebyon Kernow, acknowledged there remained considerable ground to cover before realising his aspiration of comprehensive and substantive devolution as an independent Cornish nation.

“This is just a stepping stone. From my perspective, we’re still so far back from where we should be, it’s off the scale. If we were talking about which step we were on, I’d say we’re still only two steps up Bedruthan Steps.

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“We’re talking about greater recognition for the Cornish nation but we’re doing it in a local government context. We’ve made progress but we have to up the ante even further.”

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Italy stocks lower at close of trade; Investing.com Italy 40 down 0.36%

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Italy stocks lower at close of trade; Investing.com Italy 40 down 0.36%

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Oriole Resources directors complete bed and ISA share transfers

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Oriole Resources directors complete bed and ISA share transfers

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MPs warn Treasury reforms could undermine Financial Ombudsman independence

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MPs warn Treasury reforms could undermine Financial Ombudsman independence

The Treasury’s proposed overhaul of the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) has come under scrutiny from senior MPs, who have warned that the reforms risk undermining the independence of a body tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and financial firms.

In a letter to City minister Lucy Rigby, Dame Meg Hillier, chair of the Treasury Select Committee, raised concerns that key elements of the government’s proposals could fundamentally alter the role and perceived neutrality of the ombudsman. The reforms, unveiled earlier this week, are intended to address criticism that the FOS has evolved into a “quasi-regulator” rather than a complaints resolution body. However, MPs argue that the changes could have unintended constitutional consequences.

At the centre of the criticism is a proposal that would see the chair of the FOS appointed directly by government. Hillier warned that such a move risks eroding both the actual and perceived independence of the institution, which plays a critical role in adjudicating disputes across the UK’s financial services sector.

Writing on behalf of the committee, she emphasised that the ombudsman “must be and must be seen to be an independent mechanism” for resolving complaints, highlighting that public trust in the system depends on its ability to operate free from political influence.

The committee has called for additional safeguards, including the introduction of a statutory “lock” that would give Parliament, specifically the Treasury Select Committee, the authority to approve or veto the appointment and dismissal of the FOS chair. Such mechanisms are already in place for other oversight bodies, including fiscal and audit watchdogs, and are designed to reinforce institutional independence.

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Hillier also questioned why the proposal for government appointment was not included in earlier consultation processes, seeking clarity on what prompted the shift in approach. The intervention reflects broader unease within Westminster about the balance between reforming regulatory bodies and preserving their autonomy.

The debate comes at a sensitive time for the Financial Ombudsman Service, which has faced significant internal upheaval over the past year. Former chief executive Abby Thomas departed abruptly in February following what was described in a Treasury Committee report as a “mutual collapse in confidence” between her and the board over strategic direction. Shortly afterwards, chair Baroness Zahida Manzoor announced she would step down at the end of her term, leaving the organisation’s senior leadership largely in interim positions.

MPs have now sought assurances on whether the proposed reforms would apply to forthcoming permanent appointments, raising concerns about governance stability during a period of transition.

Alongside the governance changes, the Treasury’s reform package includes a series of structural adjustments aimed at reshaping how the FOS operates. These include the introduction of a 10-year time limit for bringing complaints, with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) retaining discretion to make exceptions in certain cases.

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The government has also begun implementing changes to the cost structure of the ombudsman system. Since April, professional representatives such as claims management companies and law firms have faced a £250 fee for each case submitted beyond an initial allowance, while financial institutions are exempt from fees on their first three complaints each year before incurring a £650 charge per case thereafter.

Ministers argue that these measures are designed to improve efficiency, reduce speculative claims and refocus the FOS on its core function. However, critics warn that the cumulative effect of the reforms — particularly changes to governance — could reshape the institution in ways that weaken its independence and credibility.

The Treasury Select Committee has made clear that it expects a detailed response from the government, particularly on how it intends to safeguard the ombudsman’s impartiality while pursuing its wider reform agenda.


Jamie Young

Jamie Young

Jamie is Senior Reporter at Business Matters, bringing over a decade of experience in UK SME business reporting.
Jamie holds a degree in Business Administration and regularly participates in industry conferences and workshops.

When not reporting on the latest business developments, Jamie is passionate about mentoring up-and-coming journalists and entrepreneurs to inspire the next generation of business leaders.

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Frozen food retailer Heron Foods cuts jobs at Humber head office

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The changes are said to impact fewer than 1% of the more than 5,500-strong workforce

Heron Foods started life as a butchers in Hull.

Heron Foods’ Store Support Centre in Melton.(Image: Google Streetview)

Several jobs have been axed at the East Yorkshire headquarters of frozen foods supermarket Heron, with management stating they are part of alterations to the business. The Melton-based retailer – which operates a network of over 340 locations nationwide – confirmed a “small number” of employees at its head office had been affected.

The modifications are reported to impact less than 1% of the more than 5,500-strong workforce at the discount food company’s base. It stated efforts were underway to offer impacted employees alternative roles within the firm.

Last year, Heron slashed as many as 250 staff across the country, throughout its stores and warehouses as it grappled with declining sales and profits. However, the budget chain had pinpointed areas for growth – and is aiming for 10 new store launches in its current financial year.

Despite escalating costs, including from a rise in the National Minimum Wage, Heron said it was intensifying efforts to refurbish existing shops and relocate others, where opportunities arose to enhance customer experience and attract more consumers.

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In January, the firm’s owner – discount titan BandM – issued a profit warning citing Heron’s weak financial performance. BandM executives said they were reassessing the company’s offering to customers, and chief executive Tjeerd Jegen spoke of a “back to BandM basics” strategy for the group, reports Hull Live.

A spokesperson for Heron Foods stated: “Unfortunately, a small number of roles at our Store Support Centre in Melton, East Yorkshire are impacted as part of changes within the business. Wherever possible, we have worked to transition affected colleagues into alternative roles within the business.

“These changes impact less than 1% of our workforce and are necessary as we continue to adapt to an evolving retail landscape. Our focus remains unchanged: providing customers with top-quality products at the lowest possible prices, every day in every store.”

Heron Foods originated as Grindells Butchers on Hull’s Holderness Road in the late 1970s. It has since expanded significantly and is now owned by the B&M group.

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In the year ending 29 March 2025, the retailer launched 14 new and relocated outlets. This represented eight net additions following the closure of older and underperforming locations that had reached the end of their lease agreements.

Last year, the chain’s Cottingham outlet was relaunched following a refurbishment which introduced new-style freezers and its food-to-go meal deal selection. The Spring Bank West branch in Hull also underwent a makeover.

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NSE said to set modest fee for its $2.5 billion Indian IPO

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NSE said to set modest fee for its $2.5 billion Indian IPO
National Stock Exchange of India has set advisory fees at about 0.65% of the issue size for its upcoming initial public offering, according to people familiar with the matter.

Based on an expected deal size of about $2.5 billion (approx Rs 23,085 crore), the total fee pool could be about $16.25 million, with the bulk likely to be shared among the six lead banks, the people said, asking not to be identified because the information is private.

That compares with a roughly 1.86% average paid by 417 companies last year and 1.67% by 350 issuers in 2024, according to data from LSEG.

NSE last week appointed about 20 banks to work on the IPO. Of those, Kotak Mahindra Capital Co, JM Financial Ltd, Morgan Stanley, HSBC Holdings Plc, Citigroup Inc. and JPMorgan Chase & Co. have been given key roles, with Kotak acting as left lead, the people said.

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Representatives for NSE and the banks didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.


The relatively modest fee underscores a broader pattern in India, especially in government-linked or quasi-sovereign transactions, where issuers keep tight control over costs. In some cases, banks accept token fees in exchange for the prestige and league table positioning that comes with marquee mandates. When State Bank of India raised Rs 25,000 crore ($2.8 billion) in July, it paid six banks a symbolic Re 1 each, according to local media.
“Compared with large state-owned or public institutions, NSE’s fee payout appears relatively fair,” said Raghuram Kasiviswanathan, head of IPO advisory at Uniqus Consultech. “With the exchange at the heart of the country’s capital markets, securing a role offers not just immediate revenue, but a longer-term strategic foothold.”Earlier this year, State Bank of India and France’s Amundi SA offered fees of about 0.01% for the planned $1.4 billion IPO of SBI Fund Management, a level some bankers described as rock-bottom, prompting a few global firms to opt out. Life Insurance Corporation Ltd. paid about 0.58% of the issue size as fee in 2021 while NTPC Green Energy paid around 0.54%, according to IPO prospectus.

By contrast, private-sector deals have tended to be more lucrative. Hyundai Motor India’s record IPO in 2024 paid about 4.93 billion rupees, or 1.77% of the issue size, in fees and commissions, the largest such payout in the country. LG Electronics paid about Rs 226 crore or 1.94% to five banks for its $1.3 billion India listing.

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McGrath RentCorp Remains Attractive Despite Its Plunge

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McGrath RentCorp Remains Attractive Despite Its Plunge

McGrath RentCorp Remains Attractive Despite Its Plunge

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