Ken Griffin’s Citadel has bought most of Situational Awareness’ AI stock portfolio at a discount, a move that represents another victory for the billionaire villain of the crypto industry.

Indeed, despite years of criticism about Griffin’s traditional finance tactics, the crypto industry keeps giving him more assets.

From a copy of the US Constitution, payment for order flow, equity in a $40 billion crypto holding company, and a new distressed portfolio of cheap AI stocks, crypto traders are far too willing to further enrich the billionaire CEO.

Margin calls gutted former FTX Future Fund member Leopold Aschenbrenner’s AI hedge fund earlier this week, turning the 25-year-old into a forced seller liquidated under a stack of self-imposed leverage to Griffin’s standing bid.

Griffin, unlike most crypto investors, had plenty of cash amid Aschenbrenner’s distress.

The New York Times reported that Citadel won the overnight auction for Situational Awareness’ AI stocks at a “considerable reduction” to market value.

Crypto has watched this movie before.

Cheap share certificates alongside a cheap US Constitution

When the crypto industry’s people, tokens, or trophies land across the negotiating table from Griffin, more often than not, traders often accept his lowball offer. At the eleventh hour, a little cash is better than nothing at all.

Consider what happened in November 2021 when ConstitutionDAO raised over $40 million of ETH to bid on a physical print of the US Constitution. Over 17,000 donors chipped in at a median of $206 apiece.

Their crowdfunded bid carried a fatal flaw, as Protos noted. Its balance sat on-chain in public view, so rival bidders like Griffin knew precisely where their money to bid would run out.

The DAO also reserved millions for fees and costs that it couldn’t spend on bids.

Griffin won the document at $43.2 million. Sotheby’s irrevocable-bid mechanics trimmed roughly $4.2 million off his final bill. This spring, he bought the only other privately owned first print, cornering the market for the immensely valuable collectible, despite crypto’s attempt to decentralize it.

Thanks for the payment for order flow

Payment for order flow is a predictable profit generator for sophisticated market-makers and quantitative trading companies like Citadel.

Whenever a stock brokerage or similar platform offers commission-free or “$0 fee” trades, they often engage in payment for order flow on the backend.

Citadel Securities has accounted for over 40% of all US payment for order flow in some years, and it’s happy to accept order flow from crypto traders who inefficiently smash buy or sell with “market” orders.

Of course, retail crypto traders also buy stocks and options — the same folks who route even more payment for order flow through Citadel.

On crypto trades, for example, Robinhood discloses that market makers pay it $0.95 per $100 of orders routed. Its SEC filings identify B2C2, Wintermute, and Citadel Securities among the companies paying for order flow.

In today’s fast-paced economy, waiting 30, 60, or even 90 days for invoice payments can strain a company’s cash flow. For small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), delayed payments often mean delayed growth, missed opportunities, and increased reliance on expensive loans.

Blockchain-powered invoice financing is emerging as a modern solution that transforms unpaid invoices into liquid capital while making the financing process faster, more transparent, and significantly more secure.

What Is Invoice Financing?

Invoice financing allows businesses to borrow money against outstanding invoices instead of waiting for customers to pay.

Here’s a simple example:

• A business issues a $50,000 invoice with 60-day payment terms.
• Instead of waiting two months, it receives up to 90% of the invoice value immediately from a financing provider.
• Once the customer pays the invoice, the remaining balance is released after deducting financing fees.

This gives businesses immediate working capital without selling equity or taking on traditional debt.

The Problems With Traditional Invoice Financing

While invoice financing isn’t new, the traditional system has several inefficiencies.

Slow Verification

Financial institutions spend significant time verifying:

• Invoice authenticity
• Customer creditworthiness
• Business ownership
• Payment history

This manual process often delays funding.

Fraud Risks

Invoice fraud remains one of the industry’s biggest concerns.

Examples include:

• Fake invoices
• Duplicate financing
• Altered payment records
• Identity fraud

Because records are stored across multiple databases, detecting fraud isn’t always easy.

High Costs

Banks and factoring companies charge fees to cover operational costs and credit risk.

Smaller businesses frequently pay higher financing rates simply because they lack extensive credit histories.

How Blockchain Changes Everything

Blockchain introduces a shared, immutable ledger where invoices can be securely recorded and verified.

Instead of relying solely on paperwork, participants share a trusted source of truth.

Key benefits include:

Immutable Records

Once an invoice is recorded on-chain, it cannot be secretly altered.

This creates confidence among:

• Lenders
• Suppliers
• Buyers
• Auditors

Instant Verification

Blockchain enables participants to verify invoice ownership almost immediately.

Smart contracts can automatically confirm:

• Invoice creation
• Payment terms
• Due dates
• Financing status

This dramatically reduces manual paperwork.

Reduced Fraud

Every invoice receives a unique blockchain record.

This helps prevent:

• Double financing
• Duplicate invoices
• Unauthorized modifications

The transparent audit trail makes suspicious activity easier to detect.

Faster Settlement

Smart contracts automate funding.

Once financing conditions are met, payments can be released automatically without multiple intermediaries.

Businesses receive working capital much faster.

The Role of Smart Contracts

Smart contracts are self-executing programs stored on blockchain networks.

Instead of requiring manual approval, they automatically execute financing agreements.

For example:

1. Supplier uploads invoice.
2. Invoice is verified.
3. Investor funds the invoice.
4. Customer pays invoice.
5. Smart contract distributes repayment automatically.

This reduces administrative overhead while minimizing human error.

Tokenizing Invoices

One of blockchain’s most exciting innovations is invoice tokenization.

An invoice can be represented as a digital asset on a blockchain.

This creates several new possibilities:

• Fractional ownership
• Secondary trading
• Global investor participation
• Increased liquidity

Instead of one lender financing an invoice, hundreds of investors could fund portions of it.

This opens invoice financing to decentralized capital markets.

DeFi Meets Invoice Financing

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) extends this concept even further.

Businesses may eventually:

• Tokenize invoices
• Use them as collateral
• Borrow stablecoins instantly
• Repay automatically when invoices settle

Rather than negotiating with a bank, financing could occur through decentralized liquidity pools operating around the clock.

This creates a more accessible financial ecosystem, particularly for underserved markets.

Benefits for Small Businesses

Blockchain-powered invoice financing offers several advantages.

Improved Cash Flow

Businesses gain immediate access to funds needed for:

• Payroll
• Inventory
• Marketing
• Expansion

Lower Costs

Automation reduces operational expenses, potentially lowering financing fees.

Greater Transparency

All financing activity is recorded on a shared ledger, reducing disputes between parties.

Expanded Access

Businesses with limited banking relationships may access financing through blockchain-based marketplaces rather than traditional lenders.

Benefits for Investors

Investors also benefit from blockchain-enabled invoice markets.

Potential advantages include:

• Transparent asset verification
• Automated repayments
• Diversified investment opportunities
• Global access to invoice portfolios

Tokenization may allow investors to purchase small portions of many invoices rather than concentrating risk in a single borrower.

Real-World Use Cases

Several industries stand to benefit significantly.

Manufacturing

Manufacturers often wait months for payment while continuing production.

Invoice financing bridges this gap.

Logistics

Shipping companies can unlock capital tied up in completed deliveries.

Healthcare

Hospitals and clinics frequently experience delayed insurance reimbursements.

Blockchain financing can improve liquidity.

International Trade

Cross-border invoice financing becomes more efficient through shared blockchain records that reduce paperwork and verification delays.

Challenges Ahead

Despite its promise, blockchain-powered invoice financing still faces obstacles.

Regulatory Compliance

Financial regulations differ across countries, requiring platforms to comply with local lending laws.

Digital Identity

Reliable identity verification remains essential to prevent fraud.

Enterprise Adoption

Many businesses continue using legacy accounting systems that require blockchain integration.

Legal Recognition

Some jurisdictions are still developing legal frameworks for tokenized financial assets.

The Future of Invoice Financing

As tokenization, digital identity, stablecoins, and smart contracts mature, invoice financing could become one of blockchain’s most impactful real-world financial applications.

Future platforms may combine:

• AI-powered credit scoring
• Blockchain verification
• Tokenized invoices
• Instant stablecoin settlement
• Global investor marketplaces

The result is a financing ecosystem that is faster, more transparent, and available to businesses regardless of geography.

Conclusion

Blockchain-powered invoice financing reimagines one of business finance’s oldest challenges: waiting to get paid.

By combining immutable records, smart contracts, tokenization, and decentralized liquidity, blockchain has the potential to reduce fraud, accelerate funding, and broaden access to working capital.

For businesses, this means healthier cash flow and greater flexibility. For investors, it unlocks a new class of transparent, income-generating assets. As adoption grows, blockchain may transform invoice financing from a slow, paperwork-heavy process into a seamless digital marketplace that keeps capital moving as quickly as modern commerce demands.

REQUEST AN ARTICLE

Bernstein has maintained its Outperform rating on Robinhood Markets with a $160 price target, saying the company’s crypto business has expanded beyond trading into tokenization and market infrastructure.

Bernstein said in a note to clients that Robinhood’s latest crypto products, including Robinhood Chain, tokenized stocks, Bitstamp and Robinhood Earn, are creating new growth opportunities outside its traditional trading business while supporting its long-term investment case.

Robinhood shares closed at $89.84 on Wednesday, the level Bernstein used in calculating about 78% upside to its unchanged $160 target. The stock later fell 3.6% to close at $86.60 on Thursday, implying roughly 85% upside based on the firm’s target price.

Robinhood Chain and tokenized stocks expand crypto business

Among the products highlighted in the report, Bernstein pointed to Robinhood Chain as one of the company’s largest crypto initiatives since entering tokenization. According to the brokerage, the blockchain has processed more than $12 billion in decentralized exchange volume and completed over 150 million transactions since launch.

The report also said Robinhood Earn has accumulated more than $200 million in customer deposits. Meanwhile, tokenized U.S. stocks are now available through Robinhood Wallet in more than 120 countries, extending the company’s reach beyond its core brokerage platform.

Bernstein said the latest developments continue a strategy Robinhood has been building throughout the year. In June, the firm argued that prediction markets had become one of Robinhood’s fastest-growing businesses during the FIFA World Cup, projecting the segment could generate $586 million in revenue in 2026 compared with an estimated $150 million in 2025.

At the time, Bernstein estimated prediction markets could account for about 17% of Robinhood’s transaction-based revenue and around 10% of total company revenue next year, supported by higher customer activity during major sporting events.

Rothera continues to scale prediction markets

Attention in the latest report also turned to Rothera, Robinhood’s exchange, which Bernstein said has continued expanding since going live in June.

According to the analysts, Rothera has processed more than 3.5 billion contracts so far, including 2.1 billion during the second quarter alone. The exchange generated $17 million in second-quarter revenue and has become the third-largest prediction market exchange in the United States, Bernstein said.

The research note said Robinhood expects more prediction-market activity to migrate onto Rothera over time while continuing to distribute event contracts from third-party exchanges. Bernstein added that management also sees the exchange as a potential business-to-business platform for other Futures Commission Merchants in the future.

The brokerage has previously argued that controlling more of the trading stack allows consumer platforms to retain a larger share of transaction economics. In a June research report, Bernstein said companies across crypto, brokerages and sports betting are increasingly combining brokerage, exchange and clearing functions instead of depending on outside providers.

Robinhood’s ownership of Rothera was presented as one example of that trend, alongside similar moves by Coinbase and DraftKings to build or acquire more of their own trading infrastructure.

Bernstein sees infrastructure becoming a competitive advantage

Beyond trading volumes, Bernstein said Robinhood’s strategy increasingly resembles a financial infrastructure business rather than a brokerage focused only on crypto transactions.

The analysts grouped Robinhood Chain, Bitstamp, Robinhood Earn and tokenized stocks as complementary products that could diversify revenue over time. The report follows Bernstein’s earlier research on Coinbase, where the firm argued the exchange was also expanding beyond crypto trading through tokenized equities, prediction markets, blockchain infrastructure and artificial intelligence tools.

While the companies are pursuing different strategies, Bernstein has consistently argued that digital asset platforms are competing to become broader financial marketplaces by adding infrastructure, custody, tokenization and regulated market products alongside traditional crypto services.

According to the analysts, ownership of exchange infrastructure may become increasingly valuable as companies seek to keep more execution and clearing revenue within their own platforms instead of relying on external providers.

Regulatory uncertainty remains part of the investment case

Despite maintaining its positive outlook, Bernstein outlined several risks that could affect Robinhood’s business.

The brokerage said changes affecting payment for order flow remain an important consideration because the model continues to contribute meaningfully to Robinhood’s brokerage operations.

Bernstein also noted that U.S. regulation surrounding digital assets continues to evolve. The analysts said the Securities and Exchange Commission has historically taken a strict approach toward crypto trading platforms, while uncertainty over whether certain digital assets should be classified as securities has yet to be fully resolved.

The report added that the digital asset industry remains in an early stage of development, meaning future regulatory decisions could influence the pace at which companies introduce new crypto products and expand tokenization services.

Even with those risks, Bernstein maintained that Robinhood’s expanding infrastructure business and growing portfolio of tokenized financial products continue to support its Outperform rating and unchanged $160 price target.

That didn’t happen, and probably catalyzed the closure of those bets during Friday’s 08:00 UTC expiry, which settled BTC and ether (ETH) options worth $10 billion. Notional open interest on the $70,000 call has fallen to $943 million, and on the $72,000 call to $888 million. While still significant, those levels are well below the $60,000 put.

Another interesting data point comes from seasonality. Since 2013, July has produced a median return of 8.61%. The price has risen by 8.9% this month, according to CoinDesk data. So far, so unexciting. But a positive July is usually followed by a negative August, producing a median return of -7.51%.

Median is useful here because it shows the typical outcome without being skewed by unusually large gains or losses that can distort the average. In markets like bitcoin, where a few extreme months can pull the mean up or down, the median often gives a cleaner read on what has happened most often.

That means the mood is bearish for BTC as we head into August. Stay alert!

Read more: For analysis of today’s activity in altcoins and derivatives, see Crypto Markets Today . For a comprehensive list of events this week, see CoinDesk’s “Crypto Week Ahead.”

New York has sued prediction market platform Kalshi, alleging it operates an illegal, unlicensed gambling business by offering event contracts on sports, elections and other outcomes.

The lawsuit seeks to stop Kalshi’s alleged illegal gambling operation in the state, require the company to forfeit illegal gains, pay restitution to users and pay civil penalties equal to three times those gains.

“No matter what they call themselves, prediction markets like Kalshi are gambling platforms, plain and simple,” Attorney General Letitia James said in Friday’s statement. “We are taking them to court to uphold our laws and protect New Yorkers.”

The lawsuit comes after the New York State Gaming Commission issued Kalshi a cease-and-desist order in October 2025, prompting the company to sue the regulator in federal court. 

A judge denied Kalshi’s request for a preliminary injunction in July, and an appeals court later rejected its bid to block enforcement while the appeal proceeds.

Kalshi did not immediately respond to Cointelegraph’s request for comment.

CFTC defends federal oversight of prediction markets

The lawsuit adds to an escalating jurisdictional dispute over whether event contracts offered by federally regulated prediction markets are subject to state gambling laws.

Just before New York filed its case, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) filed an emergency motion seeking to block New York’s enforcement efforts, arguing that the state’s actions interfere with the agency’s exclusive authority under the Commodity Exchange Act to regulate designated contract markets like Kalshi.

Related: CFTC issues second warning to prediction markets on cookie-cutter self-certifications

The CFTC has taken similar positions in disputes involving at least nine states, arguing that allowing states to prohibit event contracts listed by federally regulated exchanges would create conflicting state rules and undermine federal commodities regulation.

Prediction markets continue to gain mainstream traction

Prediction markets allow users to buy and sell contracts tied to the outcome of future events, with prices reflecting the market’s estimate of the probability that an event will occur.

Kalshi’s rival, Polymarket, has also faced regulatory scrutiny, with several countries restricting or investigating its operations over gambling and licensing concerns.

Kalshi began expanding into blockchain-based infrastructure in December 2025, launching tokenized prediction markets on Solana and later adding support for multiple blockchain networks.

The broader prediction market sector has also grown alongside major sporting events.

According to analytics firm Chainalysis, blockchain-based prediction markets processed about $20 billion in trading tied to the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with more than 400,000 wallets participating.

Magazine: The 100x obsession: Fundamentals grow in importance as crypto matures

James’ office described Kalshi’s event contracts as bets and said the platform takes wagers on professional and college sports, elections and culture. The lawsuit alleges Kalshi allows users aged 18 to 20 to wager and lists markets involving New York college teams, both prohibited for licensed sportsbooks in the state.

“New York’s gambling ⁠laws protect children from underage betting and help combat gambling addiction,” James said in the statement. “No matter what they call themselves, prediction markets like ​Kalshi are gambling platforms, plain and simple.”

The World Cup helped boost Kalshi’s numbers, adding 3 million during the course of the tournament, according to CNBC. That’s more than double the 2 million the firm said it had at the start of May.

According to the attorney general’s statement, the lawsuit follows an October cease-and-desist order from the New York State Gaming Commission.

A federal judge denied Kalshi’s bid to block state regulators on July 7 and rejected an injunction pending appeal on July 27.

CoinDesk approached Kalshi for comment outside of regular U.S. office hours, and had not heard back by publication time.