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Brent at $94.57 as Hormuz Freezes

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Oil slides as Trump 15% tariffs hit demand outlook

The crude oil price benchmark Brent reached $94.57 per barrel Monday morning, up more than 5% from Friday’s close, as CNBC reported that Kpler maritime data recorded essentially zero tanker crossings of the Strait of Hormuz on Sunday, with shipping advisory firm Ambrey telling all vessels to abort any planned transit immediately upon receiving an Iranian VHF warning.

Summary

  • WTI crude rose 5.6% to $88.54 per barrel, fully reversing Friday’s 9% drop that had followed Iran’s brief announcement that the strait was completely open.
  • Kpler showed no oil tankers crossing the strait Sunday, while Windward counted at least 13 vessels that turned back Saturday when Iran reimposed restrictions.
  • ADNOC CEO Sultan Al Jaber put the cumulative supply loss at nearly 600 million barrels blocked over approximately 50 days, a figure that does not normalize quickly under any short-term ceasefire.

The crude oil price benchmark Brent is pricing a near worst-case scenario on Monday: a strait effectively closed for nearly 50 days, a ceasefire expiring Wednesday, no Iranian delegation confirmed for Pakistan talks, and a US seizure of an Iranian vessel the IRGC has promised to retaliate against. WTI crude at $88.54 reflects a global energy picture in which 10 to 11 million barrels per day of supply remains blocked.

“Markets are trading in a world where there is plenty of spin, statements, and speculation, but very little information of substance,” UBS Global Wealth Management chief economist Paul Donovan wrote in a Monday morning note. He described the reversal from Friday’s 9% fall to Monday’s 5% recovery as driven entirely by diplomatic signals rather than any change in physical supply conditions.

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Shipping advisory firm Ambrey issued guidance Monday telling vessels to abort any planned Hormuz transit immediately on receiving VHF warnings from Iranian forces, effectively advising commercial operators to treat the strait as closed until further notice.

The Kpler figure of near-zero tanker crossings Sunday is the clearest indicator that the physical market remains severely disrupted regardless of diplomatic statements. Windward counted at least 13 vessels that turned back Saturday when Iran declared the strait closed again after the IRGC fired on two India-flagged vessels attempting to transit.

The brief Friday window of vessel movement reflected genuine commercial pent-up demand from weeks of closure and represents the entire operational achievement of the ceasefire: one day of elevated transit activity before the IRGC resumed firing. Oil market participants have made clear they require sustained certainty of safe passage before normalizing tanker operations. One day of traffic followed by renewed attacks does not meet that threshold.

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ADNOC CEO Sultan Al Jaber called for Hormuz to be returned to the world “exactly as it was,” noting that almost 600 million barrels had been blocked over 50 days. That cumulative figure represents roughly six days of total global oil consumption and cannot be recovered by any single diplomatic announcement.

Why Brent Remains Below Its War Peak

Brent at $94.57 is well below the $114 to $166 range it reached at the height of the conflict in March. Several factors have moderated the price from those extremes. The IEA coordinated a release of 400 million barrels from emergency reserves in mid-March, representing approximately four days of global consumption. The US temporarily suspended its embargo on 30 Russia-linked petroleum tankers, adding supply from an alternative channel. China entered the conflict with substantial strategic reserves, providing a buffer for the world’s largest oil importer.

The result is a market priced for a sustained partial closure rather than a complete and permanent catastrophe. Every credible diplomatic signal drives Brent lower. Every escalation pushes crude toward the $100 level that analysts identify as the threshold above which global growth assumptions begin to shift materially. Monday’s $94.57 sits in the middle of that range, reflecting neither resolution nor full escalation.

What the Crude Oil Price Level Means for Crypto

For oil bitcoin market dynamics, Brent at $94.57 puts crude in the range where energy inflation expectations most directly suppress Federal Reserve rate cut prospects, removing the key macro tailwind that institutional Bitcoin demand has been pricing in through 2026. Every week oil holds above $90 extends the period in which that tailwind is absent.

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The Hormuz tollbooth model Iran briefly operated during the ceasefire, charging tankers one dollar per barrel in Bitcoin, created a structural demand narrative for BTC that partially offset the macro risk-off pressure: if oil transactions could be denominated in crypto, the asset gained a functional role in global energy settlement. That narrative disappears entirely when the strait is fully closed with no toll system in operation, which is where Monday’s market finds itself.

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U.S. CLARITY Act stablecoin bill faces May delay amid bank pushback

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Revolut seeks US banking licence to expand services

U.S. CLARITY Act faces a May delay as banks fight stablecoin yields, clashing with a White House report that says the lending impact is just 0.02%.

Summary

  • U.S. CLARITY Act’s April committee review hangs in the balance as Senate Banking juggles Fed chair hearings and crypto legislation.
  • Banking groups lobby hard against stablecoin yield, clashing with a White House report that pegs lending impact at just 0.02%.
  • White House crypto adviser Patrick Witt publicly calls banks “greedy or ignorant” as pressure mounts to stop stalling the bill.

The U.S. CLARITY Act, a landmark effort to define stablecoin and broader crypto market structure, is at risk of being pushed from an expected April review into May as bank lobbying around stablecoin yield provisions intensifies on Capitol Hill.

According to newsletter outlet Crypto In America, the Senate Banking Committee has until Friday to decide whether to notice the bill for markup the week of April 27, but the calendar is already crowded by the confirmation hearing for Federal Reserve chair nominee Kevin Warsh.

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In parallel, the North Carolina Bankers Association and other industry groups are urging members to call Senator Thom Tillis’s office and demand changes to the CLARITY Act’s proposed restrictions on yield-bearing stablecoins, reopening a compromise deal hammered out with crypto firms just weeks ago.

Banking trade bodies, including the American Bankers Association, have warned that allowing stablecoin rewards could drain up to $6.6 trillion in deposits from the banking system, arguing that yield-paying tokens would accelerate an exodus from traditional accounts.

That position sits uneasily with a recent report from the White House Council of Economic Advisers, which concluded that banning stablecoin yields would boost bank lending by only $2.1 billion, or roughly 0.02% of a $12 trillion loan book, while imposing a net welfare cost of about $800 million on consumers.

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The CEA paper argued that a “yield prohibition would do very little to protect bank lending, while forgoing the consumer benefits of competitive returns on stablecoin holdings,” giving crypto and fintech advocates fresh ammunition against a blanket ban.

White House Crypto Council executive director Patrick Witt has taken that fight public, writing on X that banks are “further lobbying out of greed or ignorance” and urging lawmakers not to let the bill be “held hostage” by yield fears that the administration’s own data plays down.

Senator Tillis, a Republican from North Carolina and a key negotiator on the stablecoin language, has floated holding an in-person “crypto carnival” session with industry participants, a move he admits could extend the timeline but which he says is needed because “there are still issues to negotiate.”

Beyond yield, the CLARITY Act still has to navigate contentious provisions around DeFi, conflicts of interest and ethical rules for lawmakers trading tokens, and even if it clears the Senate Banking Committee in late April or May it must still be reconciled with a House version before landing on President Trump’s desk.

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As highlighted in an earlier crypto.news story on how 2025 would make tokenized real-world assets mainstream, the fight over stablecoin yields is increasingly seen as a proxy for who captures trillions in future onchain savings flows, with banks, issuers and DeFi platforms all jockeying for control of the same digital dollar stack.

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Brent Surges 5% on Hormuz Crisis

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Brent Surges 5% on Hormuz Crisis

Oil price news Monday showed Brent crude jumped 4.3% to $94.18 and WTI rose 5.6% to $88.54, reversing Friday’s 9% collapse as Iran reimposed Strait of Hormuz restrictions over the weekend, the US Navy seized the Iranian cargo vessel Touska, and Kpler maritime data recorded zero tanker crossings of the strait on Sunday.

Summary

  • Iran’s IRGC fired on two vessels attempting to transit Saturday before declaring the strait closed until the US lifts its naval blockade.
  • The USS Spruance fired several rounds at the Touska after it ignored six hours of warnings, then US Marines boarded and took custody of the ship.
  • Iran’s Foreign Ministry said Monday it has “no plans” for the Pakistan talks, leaving the ceasefire that expires Wednesday without a diplomatic path forward.

Oil price news opened the week with a sharp reversal of Friday’s optimism. Iran’s foreign minister had announced Friday that the Strait of Hormuz was completely open, sending Brent crude crashing 9%. By Saturday, Iran had reimposed restrictions, its gunboats were firing on tankers, and by Sunday the US had seized an Iranian-flagged cargo ship in the Gulf of Oman. The physical market confirmed the reversal: Kpler data recorded no oil tankers crossing the strait on Sunday.

The strait normally carries roughly 20% of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas. ADNOC CEO Sultan Al Jaber put the cumulative supply loss at nearly 600 million barrels over approximately 50 days of the crisis, a figure that does not normalize quickly even under a genuine ceasefire.

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“Markets are trading in a world where there is plenty of spin, statements, and speculation, but very little information of substance,” UBS Global Wealth Management chief economist Paul Donovan wrote in a Monday morning note. “Events over the weekend have reversed some of that optimism.”

Iran announced Saturday it was reimposing restrictions on the strait, accusing the US of failing to lift its naval blockade despite the April 8 ceasefire terms. IRGC gunboats fired on two India-flagged vessels attempting to transit. The UK Maritime Trade Operations Centre reported a tanker approached and fired upon with no prior radio warning.

The US Navy destroyer USS Spruance fired several rounds from its 5-inch gun at the Iranian-flagged cargo vessel Touska on Sunday after the ship ignored six hours of warnings to comply with the blockade. US Marines then rappelled from helicopters and took custody of the vessel. Trump announced the seizure on Truth Social, calling it a situation that “did not go well for them.”

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Iran’s military called the seizure “maritime piracy” and warned retaliation would follow once the safety of the crew and their family members aboard was confirmed.

The Market’s Read and What Comes Next

The ceasefire expires Wednesday. Iran has declared it has no plans to attend a second round of Pakistan talks. The US delegation led by Vice President JD Vance is heading to Islamabad regardless. That asymmetry, Washington traveling for talks while Tehran publicly refuses to show up, defines the next 48 hours as the highest-risk window since the original ceasefire was struck.

Wholesale gasoline prices rose over 3% Monday and heating oil futures, a proxy for jet fuel, spiked 4%. S&P 500 futures fell 0.5% while Nasdaq futures dropped 0.6%, signaling that energy-driven inflation fears are once again bleeding into broader equity risk pricing.

For oil bitcoin dynamics, Monday’s Brent print at $94 returns crude to the level where oil inflation expectations begin to suppress Federal Reserve rate cut prospects and compress risk appetite simultaneously. Tracking prior week sessions shows that each Hormuz escalation has produced a progressively smaller BTC drawdown, suggesting institutional demand is absorbing the selling pressure even as the macro headwind persists.

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Aave Pitches Two Solutions to Resolve Kelp DAO Hack Dilemma

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Aave Pitches Two Solutions to Resolve Kelp DAO Hack Dilemma

Decentralized lending platform Aave’s risk management provider has outlined two scenarios on how bad debt from the Kelp DAO exploit over the weekend could impact the ecosystem, depending on how the losses are allocated.

The incident began on Saturday when hackers stole 116,500 Kelp DAO Restaked ETH (rsETH) tokens worth $293 million from Kelp DAO’s LayerZero-powered bridge and used them as collateral on Aave V3 to borrow wrapped Ether (wETH).

On Monday, LlamaRisk modeled two possible scenarios for how this “bad debt” could materialize on Aave, noting that the final decision rests with Kelp DAO.

The incident highlights the contagion risk in DeFi, where a single bridge exploit can trigger liquidity crunches and mass withdrawals across interconnected protocols like Aave, which has seen nearly $10 billion in value leave the protocol since the Kelp DAO exploit took place.

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Source: Aave

Two scenarios and potential paths forward

The first scenario would see losses spread across all rsETH token holders on Ethereum mainnet and Ethereum layer 2s, resulting in roughly $123.7 million of bad debt on Aave while risking a 15% depeg in rsETH relative to Ether (ETH).

LlamaRisk said this first scenario would spread losses more thinly across all chains, while noting that wrapped Ether (wETH) would be “absorbing the bulk in absolute terms but barely noticing it relative to its reserve depth.”

Aave could also use its Umbrella security model to cover losses in wETH under the first scenario, noting that 18,922 Aave Wrapped ETH (aWETH) tokens worth nearly $43.7 million have entered the unstaking cooldown phase.

The second scenario would shift the entire shortfall to Ethereum layer 2 networks, such as Arbitrum and Mantle. However, the bad debt would be significantly higher at $230.1 million.

LlamaRisk also noted that Aave has around $181 million in its treasury that could be used to address a potential bad debt shortfall.

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Scenario comparison of LlamaRisk’s two scenarios. Source: Aave

Related: Aave DAO backs V4 mainnet plan in near-unanimous vote

On Monday, Kelp DAO said it is still assessing the financial impact of the exploit and how to safely unpause the protocol, adding that it is working with Aave, LayerZero and other stakeholders on a path forward.

Kelp DAO sheds more light on the exploit

Kelp DAO also shared more details about the incident, saying that two nodes tied to the LayerZero bridge were compromised, while a third was hit with a distributed denial-of-service attack.

The attacker forged a seemingly valid transfer message that the system approved, allowing 116,500 rsETH to be minted on one of LayerZero’s bridges.

Kelp said it paused all relevant contracts on Ethereum and Ethereum layer 2s and blacklisted all wallets tied to the exploiter shortly after, preventing them from stealing another 40,000 rsETH worth $95 million.

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