Crypto World
Coldcard firmware update requires affected users to move Bitcoin
Coldcard has released firmware versions 5.6.1 and 1.5.1Q after a three-week security review, while warning that users with affected seed phrases must create new wallets and move their Bitcoin.
Summary
- Firmware 5.6.1 covers Coldcard Mk4 and Mk5, while version 1.5.1Q applies to Q devices.
- New seed creation now requires key presses, dice rolls, or coin flips supplied by the user.
- Installing the firmware does not repair seed phrases created under affected versions.
- Coldcard advised users to verify the signed update before generating a replacement wallet.
Coldcard firmware adds mandatory user entropy
Coldcard said in an Aug. 20 post that the latest release followed three weeks of review after its July 31 emergency fix, which addressed a flaw in how some versions of its firmware generated wallet seed phrases.
The Bitcoin hardware wallet maker released version 5.6.1 for its Mk4 and Mk5 devices and version 1.5.1Q for Coldcard Q. According to the company, the review covered the earlier seed-generation failure and several areas involved in transaction signing, device connections, firmware installation, and random-number checks.
Under the updated process, every new seed phrase must receive at least one source of randomness directly from the device owner. Users can provide it through at least 65 key presses with unpredictable timing, 50 private rolls of a physical six-sided die, or 128 physical coin flips.
Coldcard said the device combines that user input with fresh data from the STM32 true random-number generator and its two secure elements, known as SE1 and SE2. Requiring input from separate sources reduces reliance on any single component during seed creation, according to the company.
“Every newly generated seed now requires one source of user entropy,” Coldcard said.
Users must keep their key presses, dice results, or coin tosses private because anyone who records the inputs may gain information that could help reconstruct the resulting wallet. The company’s instructions treat its standard seed process separately from its advanced dice-only method, which has its own minimum requirements.
Existing Coldcard seeds cannot be repaired by updating
Installing the latest release only changes how Coldcard creates seeds after the update. The company warned that firmware cannot add missing randomness to a seed phrase that was generated previously.
Affected users must update their device first, create and verify an entirely new seed, and transfer their Bitcoin to addresses controlled by the replacement wallet. Importing the old words into updated Coldcard firmware, a different hardware wallet, or a software wallet preserves the same weakness because the underlying seed remains unchanged.
Coldcard advised users to record the replacement seed offline, confirm the wallet’s receiving address on the device screen, and complete a small test transfer before moving the full balance. Owners should keep the old backup until they have checked that the migration succeeded, but they should not continue using it to receive funds.
As reported on Aug. 2 by crypto.news, the official warning applies to seeds created on specific firmware versions rather than every seed ever produced by a Coinkite device. Mk2 and Mk3 seeds generated on versions 4.0.1 through 4.1.9 fall within the affected range.
For Mk4 and Mk5 devices, the advisory covers seeds generated before standard firmware 5.6.0 or Edge firmware 6.6.0X. Coldcard Q users are covered when their seeds were created before standard version 1.5.0Q or Edge version 6.6.0QX.
Mk1 devices are outside the firmware regression identified by researchers, while Coinkite products, including TAPSIGNER, OPENDIME, and SATSCARD, use different software and are not covered by the same disclosure.
Coldcard previously identified an exception for wallets whose owners added at least 50 fair, independent, and private dice rolls before their final seed words were produced. According to the company, the rolls supplied at least 128 bits of independent randomness. Users who cannot remember how many rolls they entered, used fewer than 50, or exposed the sequence were advised to migrate.
A BIP-39 passphrase can create another barrier between an attacker and a wallet, but Coldcard said a passphrase does not repair the seed itself. Owners of affected seeds were therefore told to replace the underlying recovery phrase even if they had added a strong passphrase.
Firmware 5.6.1 tightens signing and device boundaries
Beyond seed creation, the release adds staged verification of partially signed Bitcoin transactions immediately before signing. A partially signed Bitcoin transaction, commonly called a PSBT, lets a wallet review and approve transaction data without exposing its private keys to an online computer.
Coldcard said the new check divides PSBT verification into stages before the device produces a signature. The company also changed its default SIGHASH handling, which determines which parts of a Bitcoin transaction a signature covers.
Additional changes strengthen the boundaries around USB connections and firmware updates. The release also improves Delta Mode isolation, fixes backups involving the active wallet, and adds checks around random-number generator initialization and possible faults.
Users downloading the update were told to verify its digital signature before installation. Firmware signatures allow an owner to check whether a file came from Coldcard and whether it was altered after publication.
The release follows a seed-generation flaw introduced during a firmware change in March 2021. Block’s Bitcoin engineering and security team said affected software called a deterministic MicroPython fallback when creating wallet seeds instead of using the intended STM32 hardware random-number generator.
According to Block’s review, older Mk2 and Mk3 devices could produce seeds with about 40 bits of effective randomness, while vulnerable Mk4, Mk5, and Q devices received some input from a secure element but reached only about 72 bits. Both figures were below the intended 128-bit level, making some seeds practical to search offline.
An attacker who generated possible seeds could derive their Bitcoin addresses and compare them with public blockchain records. Finding a match would provide the private keys needed to transfer the funds without obtaining the physical device, learning its PIN, or attacking the Bitcoin network.
A subsequent analysis of the flaw detailed four suspected attack waves that removed an estimated 1,816 BTC from more than 5,200 addresses. Loss estimates have varied as researchers separated confirmed victim reports from addresses identified through transaction patterns.
Coldcard attack changed custody choices for US holders
The incident also affected how some Bitcoin owners approached custody. An Aug. 4 report on exchange inflows cited OKX Chief Compliance Officer Jonathan Brockmeier as saying the exchange recorded unusually high deposits after the Coldcard attacks.
“We’re seeing record levels of inflows now to centralized exchanges post-Coldcard,” Brockmeier said.
Moving Bitcoin to an exchange removes the owner’s direct responsibility for seed generation and storage, but it places control of the assets with a third-party custodian. US investors who only want exposure to Bitcoin’s price can also use spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds, whose shares trade through regulated brokerage accounts while institutional custodians hold the underlying Bitcoin.
Galaxy Research said it shared suspected attacker addresses with exchanges, blockchain investigators, and US federal law enforcement agencies. The research firm also reported in early August that about 90% of the Bitcoin taken during the confirmed attack waves had not moved from the identified destination wallets.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Price Hits New Local High Above $72,500 Despite Cooling US Stocks
Bitcoin (BTC) saw multimonth highs after Thursday’s Wall Street open while stocks dipped and bond yields rebounded on US-Iran war nerves.
Key points:
- Bitcoin builds on its highest levels in 11 weeks to hit $72,500 on Bitstamp.
- US bond yields see volatility after president Donald Trump threatens “economic warfare” with Iran.
- Bitcoin market participants question whether the rally has staying power.
US bond yields reverse higher after Trump pledges “economic warfare” with Iran
Data from TradingView showed BTC/USD retesting $71,000 before hitting new 11-week high of $72,505 on Bitstamp, up by more than 4% on the day.

BTC/USD one-day chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView
US equities opened lower after US president Donald Trump threatened Iran with the “most crushing economic operation ever taken against any country,” calling it “Economic D-Day.”
“This will be economic warfare and isolation on an unprecedented scale,” he wrote in a post on Truth Social amid frustration over the lack of a deal with the US on the Strait of Hormuz oil route.
WTI crude oil reached $87.69 per barrel on the day, its highest since July 24.

CFDs on WTI crude oil one-day chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView
The comments further appeared to cause a rebound in US government bond yields, which had fallen sharply the day prior after the US Treasury announced that it would at least double the size of its bond-market liquidity interventions from September.
The 30-year yield traded as low as 5.179% on the day before rebounding to 5.266% — an increase of 9 bps, which nearly erased the previous downside. The 10-year bond yield also reversed the previous day’s drop.

US 30-year bond yields one-day chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView
The Kobeissi Letter cast doubt on whether the intervention would be sufficient to calm markets.
“It’s going to take a lot more intervention to tame this beast,” it wrote in a post on X. The Treasury confirmed in its announcement that it would revisit the size of debt buyback operations on Nov. 4.

US 10-year bond yields chart. Source: The Kobeissi Letter on X.com
Analysis: Too early to call Bitcoin bull-market comeback
After gaining nearly $10,000 over four days, Bitcoin left market participants skeptical about the durability of its newfound strength.
Related: Bitcoin has ‘largely purged’ froth that preceded 50% drop from $126K: BlackRock
In ongoing X coverage, trader and analyst Rekt Capital argued that BTC/USD would need to sustain its gains to challenge the grip of the bear market.
“Bitcoin will need to rally a lot more than what it has produced thus far if price is to invalidate the ‘weakening support’ idea. At the moment, technicals are pointing to $60k as a weakening macro support,” he wrote on Thursday.
A further post noted that four-year BTC price cycle patterns would allow for a new macro BTC price low until the end of 2026.

BTC/USD one-month chart. Source: Rekt Capital on X.com
Continuing, Ki Young Ju, CEO of onchain analytics platform CryptoQuant, flagged the return of positive demand for Bitcoin on both spot and derivatives markets — a phenomenon not seen since October 2025, when BTC/USD saw its most recent all-time high of $126,200.
“The scale remains modest, but if this holds for another month, it would be reasonable to conclude that the bear market is over and a new bull cycle has begun,” he told X followers.
Previously, Cointelegraph reported on the lack of spot demand as a key missing catalyst for a sustainable crypto market reversal.

Bitcoin demand growth data. Source: Ki Young Ju on X.com
Crypto World
Financial Literacy Scores Tumble; This ‘Penalty’ Helps Explain Why
U.S. financial literacy scores are falling and researchers think they’ve pinpointed an overlooked factor in the plunge — the “smartphone penalty.” Research suggests smartphones lead to less engaged survey participants, and are therefore partly to blame for declining financial literacy scores on surveys conducted over the past 15 years. “We found that using a smartphone to answer survey questions leads…
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Crypto World
U.S. CFTC chief puts staff on notice to create crypto regulations if Clarity Act fails

Commodity Futures Trading Commission Chairman Mike Selig told the inaugural gathering of the Innovation Advisory Committee that his agency won’t sit idle.
Crypto World
What to Know About Israel’s Probe Into the Killing of Hind Rajab
It continued: “According to the allegations raised, upon the ambulance’s arrival at the scene of the incident, a shell was fired toward it, resulting in the deaths of the two paramedics travelling in it. Several days later, the bodies of the seven members of the Hamada family, including the bodies of Hind and Layan, were recovered from the vehicle. In addition, the bodies of the two paramedics were recovered from the ambulance.”
In a statement on Thursday, Hind Rajab’s mother, Wesam Hamada, said, “I do not want a closed military investigation. I want an independent, transparent investigation and genuine accountability for everyone responsible.”
What happened to Hind Rajab
The Hamada family was traveling through Gaza City on Jan. 29, 2024, after Israeli evacuation orders prompted them to leave the city’s Tel al-Hawa neighborhood, when their vehicle came under fire.
The girls contacted rescue authorities for help. Recordings released by the PRCS in February 2024 captured Layan speaking with an emergency dispatcher before gunfire was heard and the call ended.
Crypto World
Optimism Redirects 546.9M OP Airdrop Allocation to Ecosystem Fund
Blockchain Optimism’s governance has approved a proposal to repurpose 546.9 million OP tokens previously reserved for user airdrops to support ecosystem growth and institutional adoption.
OP currently has a market cap of roughly $214 million, with a circulating supply of about 2.29 billion tokens, according to CoinGecko data.
The new Strategic Ecosystem Fund will support partnerships with chains, protocols and institutions, as well as incentives to increase activity and liquidity on OP Mainnet and grow OP Enterprise.
The decision drew pushback from some delegates who argued the tokens had been promised to users and questioned how the foundation would measure returns from the fund. Supporters said the allocation would be better used to compete for enterprise deals and drive growth.

Optimism vote to repurpose 546.9M OP. Source: Optimism
Optimism said it has no additional airdrops planned after distributing 269.1 million OP across five rounds, contending that airdrops were better suited to an earlier phase focused on broad user acquisition than its current institutional push.
Optimism is an Ethereum (ETH) scaling project behind OP Mainnet and the OP Stack, the blockchain framework used by networks including Base, Unichain, Kraken’s Ink and Sony’s Soneium. More than 30 OP Stack chains currently contribute revenue to Optimism, according to the project.
OP rebounds 11% but remains 93% below record high
OP traded around $0.09 on Thursday, up roughly 11% over the past 24 hours amid a broader crypto market rally. Despite the rebound, the token remains more than 93% below its all-time high.
At OP’s current price, the 546.9 million-token allocation is worth around $50 million, equivalent to nearly a quarter of the token’s roughly $211 million market capitalization.

Source: CoinGecko
In July, Cointelegraph reported that the blockchain had signed a a memorandum of understanding with Viva Republica, the operator of South Korea-based mobile money transfer app Toss, to on a three-month proof-of-concept to test a Korean won-based stablecoin infrastructure for institutional payments.
Magazine: MiCA cracks down on USDT in Europe… but no one else cares
Crypto World
MiCA Rules Target USDT in Europe as Other Stablecoins Face Less Scrutiny
Europe’s regulatory squeeze on Tether’s USDT is moving beyond announcements and into platform-level implementation, but early data suggests it hasn’t upended global USDT usage.
When Revolut told European users it would delist USDT after Aug. 31, it reinforced a broader pattern: financial platforms are adjusting access to the world’s largest stablecoin as the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) stablecoin framework tightens. MiCA’s stablecoin rules have been phased in since 2024, and the EU-wide transition period ended on July 1, increasing pressure for platforms to remove offerings that don’t comply.
Key takeaways
- MiCA appears to be changing where regulated platforms can list USDT, but Artemis Analytics says it has not triggered a clear migration to other venues or chains.
- Artemis research quoted in the report indicates no noticeable shift in USDT supply or demand directly tied to MiCA coming into effect in Europe.
- Dollar stablecoin demand is increasingly tied to payments and cross-border transfers, not only trading or savings—making it less dependent on which exchanges list a particular token.
- Emerging-market stablecoin activity continues to expand, with chain usage on networks such as Binance Smart Chain and Tron rising in the period covered by Artemis data.
- For European users, the practical question shifts toward alternatives—potentially euro-denominated stablecoins—though the dollar still remains central to crypto’s benchmark.
MiCA pressure, but no obvious “migration” in USDT activity
MiCA’s stablecoin rules are designed to standardize and regulate issuers and offerings within the EU. As these requirements phase in—and deadlines pass—regulated gateways have been forced to reassess which stablecoins they can support legally.
However, a central point in the reporting is what hasn’t happened. According to Artemis Analytics, the restriction of USDT on a major European front hasn’t produced a measurable shock in broader USDT behavior.
“The data does not indicate any noticeable change in USDT supply or demand attributable directly to MiCA coming into effect in Europe… MiCA didn’t trigger a major venue or chain migration.”
In other words, while compliance has real consequences for retail access in Europe, USDT’s global utility may be resilient enough to absorb those changes without a dramatic reallocation of liquidity across major networks.
Why USDT demand is holding up: stablecoins as infrastructure
A key explanation offered in the piece is that USDT is being used for more than parking value or executing trades. In this framing, dollar stablecoins increasingly function as financial infrastructure—embedded in everyday movement of money, payments, and cross-border settlement.
The report points to Argentina as an illustrative case. Even as conditions around access to physical dollars have changed, stablecoin activity reportedly kept expanding. Lemon, an Argentine crypto and financial services platform, processed $9.3 billion in total volume in 2025—up 60% year-on-year. Transactional users reportedly rose 70% to nearly 1.8 million, and stablecoin volume grew 45% year-on-year.
Those figures are used to support a broader behavioral shift: stablecoins are increasingly treated as part of the payment rails rather than a purely defensive storage tool.
“The role of USDT and other dollar stablecoins is evolving. What we’re seeing is a shift from stablecoins as a store of value to stablecoins as financial infrastructure.”
The report attributes additional detail to Lemon’s business and planning manager, describing use cases that include payments, cross-border transfers, and connecting local users to international balances. The article describes a flow where Argentine users can pay in Brazil using PIX in pesos, receive dollars or euros from overseas credited as USDC, and also move between bank dollars and digital dollar balances. The point for readers: if stablecoins are operating across multiple payment paths and rails, their demand is harder to track solely through which tokens are available on regulated European platforms.
MiCA’s European “gateway” effect vs. global chain usage
Artemis data cited in the report also challenges the idea that MiCA would immediately restructure stablecoin usage on major chains. The article says Artemis observed daily users increasing on networks favored for low fees and day-to-day stablecoin use.
Specifically, the report states that daily users on Binance Smart Chain rose from about 318,000 in June 2024 to 1.56 million by July 2026. It also says daily users on Tron increased by 44% to around 908,000.
“That looks like expanding global and emerging market usage rather than a Europe-specific migration, and there’s no clear MiCA-timed break in the chain data.”
This distinction matters: it suggests MiCA is primarily changing how users in Europe access certain dollar stablecoins through regulated channels, not erasing the underlying demand for stablecoin settlement itself.
In the reporting, WeFi’s chief executive and co-founder Maksym Sakharov ties the behavior directly to utility. Users, the report argues, tend not to pick a stablecoin simply because it appears on a particular regulated platform. Instead, stablecoin choice is described as being driven by counterparty use, liquidity depth, and the ability to operate across markets.
“Users do not choose a stablecoin only because it is available on one regulated platform. They choose it because counterparties use it, liquidity is deep, and it works across many markets.”
The article also includes a perspective from OKX Europe’s chief executive, Erald Ghoos, saying OKX Europe has not offered USDT to European users for around two years. In that sense, the report frames the latest deadline as less of a fresh disruption for some platforms than for others that still maintained access later into the compliance cycle.
Europe’s alternatives and the dollar challenge
If USDT access on regulated EU gateways shrinks for some users and platforms, the next question becomes what those users switch to—and whether the alternatives can offer comparable liquidity and usability.
The report underscores a structural advantage the dollar has historically enjoyed in crypto: the US dollar remains the dominant benchmark across markets. Even though euro-denominated stablecoins may reduce friction for European end users by lowering the need for conversion, liquidity and network effects are unlikely to change overnight.
Still, the piece points to an emerging institutional interest in euro stablecoins. OKX Europe’s Erald Ghoos is quoted saying institutional players are showing increasing interest in creating more EUR-denominated stablecoins:
“What we are seeing from institutional players is interest in creating more EUR-denominated stablecoins, which is worth watching as it develops.”
MiCA determines which stablecoin products can be offered through regulated European platforms, but it cannot rewrite global crypto’s reference currency by itself. The report’s overall framing is that regulation may reshape the EU’s “front door,” while stablecoin demand—especially where it’s tied to cross-border flows—continues to follow deeper market utility and network adoption.
For investors and builders, the next thing to watch is whether USDT restrictions inside regulated EU channels lead to measurable changes in Europe-specific liquidity patterns over time—or whether usage simply routes through other networks and jurisdictions while stablecoin demand continues to grow globally. MiCA may be altering access, but the report suggests the larger stablecoin engine is still running on fundamentals tied to payments and interoperability.
Crypto World
Optimism Redirects 546.9M OP From Future Airdrops to Growth Fund
Optimism governance has approved a proposal to redirect 546.9 million OP tokens—previously set aside for user airdrops—into a new initiative aimed at accelerating ecosystem development and institutional engagement.
On-chain approval also follows Optimism’s statement that it does not plan additional airdrops after distributing 269.1 million OP across five rounds. The decision is now a central point of debate among delegates over whether the foundation is moving from broad user acquisition to enterprise-focused growth early enough—and how success will be measured.
Key takeaways
- 546.9 million OP tokens earmarked for future airdrops will be repurposed to fund Optimism’s new Strategic Ecosystem Fund.
- Optimism says it has already completed its airdrop program, distributing 269.1 million OP in five rounds, and views airdrops as more suited to an earlier growth phase.
- The fund is designed to support partnerships and incentives intended to grow activity and liquidity on OP Mainnet and OP Enterprise.
- Some delegates raised concerns about broken promises to users and questioned how returns on the fund will be evaluated.
- At current levels, the repurposed allocation is roughly $50 million, depending on OP’s market price, according to CoinGecko.
Airdrop funds redirected into a strategic ecosystem budget
The governance vote approved the transfer of 546.9 million OP tokens into what Optimism describes as a new Strategic Ecosystem Fund. The intent is to shift resources toward ecosystem growth efforts that—according to the project—are better aligned with its current priorities around institutional adoption.
The proposal also signals a change in how Optimism is trying to compete. Rather than focusing on distributing tokens broadly to users, supporters argued the allocation could be used to strengthen relationships with chains, protocols, and institutions, and to offer incentives aimed at increasing on-chain activity and market depth.
However, the decision was not universally welcomed. Some delegates pushed back, arguing the tokens had been promised to users and raising questions about accountability. In particular, they wanted clarity on how the foundation would measure whether the fund delivers measurable outcomes rather than simply reallocating value.
The vote is recorded on Optimism’s governance platform: Optimism proposal.
Optimism says additional airdrops aren’t planned
Optimism stated that it has no additional airdrops planned after completing token distribution of 269.1 million OP across five rounds. The project framed this as a lifecycle transition: airdrops, it argued, are most useful during an earlier phase built around wide user onboarding, while its current stage emphasizes institutional and enterprise readiness.
That framing matters because it underpins the justification for repurposing the remaining allocation. If the airdrop program is considered complete, governance can treat the unused reserve as discretionary—while critics view the same reserve as a commitment that should be fulfilled later rather than redirected to new objectives.
Where the OP Stack revenue comes in
Optimism operates as an Ethereum scaling effort, including OP Mainnet and the OP Stack, a framework used by multiple networks. The article’s data points also highlight that Optimism’s broader economic model is not purely dependent on token incentives: the project says more than 30 OP Stack chains contribute revenue to Optimism. This revenue-linked ecosystem context is relevant to the fund debate because it suggests the foundation is trying to balance token-driven growth with platform-level earnings from chains built on its stack.
Optimism references its OP Stack ecosystem here: OP Stack.
Still, delegates’ concerns about measurable outcomes remain important regardless of revenue streams. A strategic fund can strengthen partnerships, but it also creates an additional channel where governance stakeholders will want evidence of effectiveness.
Token impact and broader market signals
Following the vote, OP reportedly traded around $0.09 on Thursday, up roughly 11% over 24 hours amid a broader crypto market rally. Even with the rebound, OP remains far below its peak—more than 93% under its all-time high, based on market tracking data.
CoinGecko data also places OP’s market cap at roughly $214 million with a circulating supply of about 2.29 billion OP. The same dataset implies the governance allocation—546.9 million tokens—is worth in the neighborhood of $50 million at current prices, or close to a quarter of the token’s reported market capitalization.
CoinGecko: OP on CoinGecko.
This matters for investors because token allocation votes can affect expectations about how the ecosystem will be funded and how quickly it can convert into growth. While a funding shift does not guarantee price movement, it can influence sentiment around whether a network is focused on sustainable activity and institutional adoption—or whether it is sacrificing user-facing promises for faster enterprise positioning.
Enterprise narrative under development
Optimism’s decision lands alongside ongoing enterprise-leaning activity. Earlier coverage from Cointelegraph noted that Optimism signed a memorandum of understanding with Viva Republica, the operator of South Korea’s mobile money app Toss, to test a Korean won-based stablecoin infrastructure for institutional payments over a three-month proof-of-concept period.
This is the kind of partnership angle the governance supporters are effectively betting on with the Strategic Ecosystem Fund: using OP resources to accelerate collaborations that can translate into real-world payment rails and institutional workflows.
Earlier coverage: Cointelegraph report.
Still, the governance pushback underscores the tension investors and users should watch: the network is trying to move toward enterprise growth, but delegates also want assurance that token commitments to users and the promise of earlier allocations are handled transparently.
Going forward, market participants will likely track whether Optimism provides clear reporting on how the Strategic Ecosystem Fund is deployed and what measurable milestones it targets—especially given the vote’s stated goal of growing activity and liquidity on OP Mainnet and OP Enterprise.
Crypto World
US Debt Tops $40T as Analysts Weigh Impact on Bitcoin
As US federal debt tops $40 trillion for the first time, there is renewed debate over whether mounting government borrowing could strengthen Bitcoin’s case as a scarce, non-sovereign asset.
Interest costs have also climbed, surpassing Medicare to become the federal government’s second-largest budget expense behind Social Security in the first 10 months of fiscal 2026, according to Reuters.
The debt milestone coincided with a Treasury move to calm a bond selloff that’s pushed long-term yields to their highest levels since 2007. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Wednesday the department would double buybacks of 10- to 30-year debt to at least $4 billion per operation, initially pushing yields and the US dollar lower as Bitcoin (BTC) and gold rallied.
Bitcoin is continuing to surge, trading around $72,600 on Thursday morning, up roughly 6% over the past 24 hours and 15% over the past week, according to CoinGecko data.

Source: Yahoo Finance
Related: Bitcoin ETFs add $189M as August net inflows approach $1B
Treasury buybacks add another potential Bitcoin catalyst
While Bloomberg and others attributed elements of Bitcoin’s rally to optimism over friendlier US crypto policy following President Donald Trump’s meeting with industry executives at the White House on Wednesday, market analysts pointed to the Treasury and broader fiscal conditions as additional factors.
TrendLabs founder and chartered market technician JC Parets pointed to the Treasury’s move to increase purchases of longer-term government bonds, which he said bond-market participants viewed as an effort to push back against rising long-term rates. Parets said:
If the market believes the government is going to push back against rapidly rising long-term rates, that can change the math for everything else investors own. Including Bitcoin.
Bitunix analyst Dean Chen offered another view, saying that the debt milestone is not inherently bullish for Bitcoin. While Treasury buybacks temporarily lowered long-term yields and weakened the dollar, persistent deficits and growing financing needs could eventually push borrowing costs higher again.
Chen said Bitcoin’s near-term direction will depend more on broader financial conditions, pointing to US dollar strength, long-term Treasury yields and inflation expectations as key variables to watch.
Analysts at DeFi protocol Yield Basis took a longer-term view, telling Cointelegraph that continued growth in US debt could strengthen demand for Bitcoin as a hedge against currency debasement because of its fixed supply and lack of a sovereign issuer. They said:
Whether it will actually become a new reserve asset remains to be seen, but as concerns around fiat currency debasement grow, it will definitely stand out more as a straightforward protective instrument (alongside more traditional assets like gold).
Magazine: MiCA cracks down on USDT in Europe… but no one else cares
Crypto World
U.S. Debt Surpasses $40T, Renewing Bitcoin Risk vs. Hedge Debate
Bitcoin’s latest rally is unfolding alongside a stark escalation in US public finances, as the US federal debt pushed above $40 trillion for the first time and Treasury yields surged to their highest levels since 2007. The developments have reignited discussion among crypto market participants about whether worsening fiscal dynamics strengthen Bitcoin’s longer-term narrative as a scarce, non-sovereign asset.
At the same time, the US Treasury moved to address stress in the bond market. According to Reuters, interest costs have risen sharply, surpassing Medicare to become the federal government’s second-largest budget expense behind Social Security in the first 10 months of fiscal 2026. The debt milestone also coincided with a Treasury action designed to calm a bond selloff, pushing long-term yields higher overall before a targeted response from the department.
Key takeaways
- US federal debt crossed $40 trillion for the first time, renewing debate over whether fiscal instability boosts Bitcoin’s “hard asset” appeal.
- Treasury’s plan to increase buybacks of 10- to 30-year debt aims to blunt rising long-term yields, which can influence risk assets and crypto sentiment.
- Bitcoin was around $72,600 on Thursday morning, up roughly 6% over 24 hours and 15% over a week, according to CoinGecko data.
- Analysts are split on whether debt levels are structurally bullish for Bitcoin—some stress near-term financial conditions, others focus on longer-term hedge demand.
From debt milestone to bond-market pressure
The $40 trillion debt milestone matters because it changes the backdrop for investors across asset classes: more borrowing typically implies greater interest expense and a bigger refinancing need over time. Reuters reported that in fiscal 2026 through the first 10 months, interest costs have climbed to become the federal government’s second-largest budget outlay behind Social Security.
At the same time, a separate Reuters report tied the timing to a Treasury effort to manage a bond selloff. That stress period has coincided with long-term yields reaching their highest point since 2007.
According to Reuters, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Wednesday the department would double buybacks of 10- to 30-year debt to at least $4 billion per operation. The immediate market reaction—initially pushing yields and the US dollar lower—helped support a broader risk-on move, with Bitcoin and gold both rallying.
Bitcoin rises as markets weigh fiscal math
Bitcoin was trading around $72,600 Thursday morning, up about 6% over the previous 24 hours and roughly 15% over the past week, based on CoinGecko data. While the rally has attracted attention for potential policy implications, market observers highlighted that macro factors tied to US rates and the dollar may be playing at least as big a role.
Earlier coverage referenced by Yahoo Finance and others attributed parts of Bitcoin’s surge to optimism around friendlier US crypto policy following President Donald Trump’s meeting with industry executives at the White House on Wednesday. Still, Bloomberg-style attributions were not the only explanation. Analysts cited Treasury buybacks and fiscal conditions as additional drivers affecting the “math” investors use when allocating capital.
Why buybacks could help in the short run—and hurt later
TrendLabs founder and chartered market technician JC Parets argued that the Treasury’s increased purchases of longer-term bonds were likely aimed at pushing back against rapidly rising long-term rates. In an analysis cited by TrendLabs, Parets suggested that if markets begin to believe the government will counter higher long-term yields, it can change the valuation assumptions for a wide range of holdings—including Bitcoin.
“If the market believes the government is going to push back against rapidly rising long-term rates, that can change the math for everything else investors own. Including Bitcoin.”
Other analysts offered a more cautious counterpoint. Bitunix analyst Dean Chen, writing in a market note cited by Cointelegraph, said the debt milestone itself is not automatically bullish for Bitcoin. Chen’s view was that Treasury buybacks may lower long-term yields temporarily and weaken the dollar, but persistent deficits and the continued build-up of financing needs could still push borrowing costs higher again over time.
In that framing, Bitcoin’s direction would depend less on the headline debt number and more on a set of observable financial variables: US dollar strength, long-term Treasury yields, and inflation expectations.
A hedge narrative returns—though “reserve” status remains unproven
Beyond short-term rate dynamics, some analysts focused on the longer-term demand argument. Yield Basis, a DeFi protocol referenced by Cointelegraph, described continued growth in US debt as potentially increasing interest in Bitcoin as a hedge against currency debasement. Their reasoning is rooted in Bitcoin’s fixed supply and the absence of a sovereign issuer, unlike fiat currencies that can be influenced by monetary policy and fiscal financing.
“Whether it will actually become a new reserve asset remains to be seen, but as concerns around fiat currency debasement grow, it will definitely stand out more as a straightforward protective instrument (alongside more traditional assets like gold).”
That position highlights a key tension in the debate: Bitcoin may become more prominent during periods of fiscal strain and money-supply concern, but the step from “hedge” to “reserve” is still not determined by adoption narratives alone. Investors will likely look for sustained shifts in real-world demand signals, not just macro headlines.
What to watch next
For traders and longer-term investors, the immediate question is whether Treasury’s longer-term buyback activity can keep yields from resuming their climb—and whether the US dollar and inflation expectations stabilize. More broadly, the durability of Bitcoin’s rally may hinge on whether the market’s view of fiscal “math” changes from short-term support to persistent concern, or whether deficits ultimately translate into higher borrowing costs again.
Crypto World
X considers USDC payments for creator rewards
Elon Musk’s X has begun exploring USDC and other stablecoins as possible payment methods for creators while preparing to replace its existing revenue-sharing system.
Summary
- X is discussing stablecoin payouts but has not selected a token or confirmed a launch.
- Circle’s USDC is among the payment options being considered for creator rewards.
- Original Content Rewards will replace X’s Revenue Sharing program on Sept. 8.
- U.S. stablecoin payments will operate under rules created by the GENIUS Act.
X considers USDC for creator rewards
CoinDesk reported on Thursday that X is discussing whether to pay creators and other content providers with stablecoins, citing a person familiar with the plans.
Circle Internet Group’s USDC is one of the digital tokens under consideration, although X has not chosen a payment method or disclosed when it could introduce stablecoin payouts. Talks remain active, according to the source, who also works with other social media companies testing stablecoins for influencer commissions.
X did not respond to CoinDesk’s request for comment, leaving the possible payment structure, supported countries and blockchain networks unconfirmed. The report also did not state whether creators would receive stablecoins by default or select them as an alternative to bank payments.
A stablecoin option could allow X to use one dollar-linked asset for creators in several countries, rather than arranging separate transfers through each local banking system. Any practical benefit would still depend on the networks, wallets, conversion services and withdrawal rules selected by the company.
USDC is designed to maintain a one-to-one value with the U.S. dollar and can move across several public blockchains. Circle says the token is issued through its regulated affiliates and backed by reserves intended to support redemption at its stated value.
The reported discussions come as the combined stablecoin market has exceeded $300 billion. While digital dollars remain widely used for crypto trading and settlement, payment companies and online platforms have also begun testing them for contractor, customer and creator payouts.
Original Content Rewards changes how X pays users
Alongside the stablecoin talks, X is preparing to end its Revenue Sharing program and replace it with Original Content Rewards on Sept. 8. The current system will continue through Sept. 7, according to the company’s published schedule.
X said the replacement program is designed to “reward creators who bring original ideas, expertise, reporting, creativity, and commentary to X.”
Under the announced eligibility rules, creators must have at least 500 verified followers and record at least 500,000 Home Timeline impressions from verified users during the previous 90 days. Users must also meet the platform’s other monetization requirements.
Payments will be based on qualified impressions from Premium subscribers viewing eligible original posts in the Home Timeline. X defines a qualified impression as a unique view in which at least half of the post appears on screen.
Eligible material can include original reporting and analysis, user-produced videos and photographs, graphics, illustrations, memes and meaningful commentary. Reposted work, copied material and posts designed mainly to manipulate engagement are not meant to qualify under the revised system.
The company has not said whether stablecoin payments, if adopted, would arrive with the Sept. 8 rewards launch or be added later. No details have been released about wallet support, conversion fees, custody arrangements or how creators could recover funds sent to an incorrect address.
Stablecoin transfers can differ from conventional payouts because blockchain transactions are generally irreversible after confirmation. A platform offering the option would therefore need to decide how it verifies wallets, handles failed transfers and assists creators who lose access to their accounts.
X Money has already added U.S. payment services
X’s interest in stablecoins follows the introduction of financial services inside its main social platform. In July, the company launched X Money for Premium and Premium+ subscribers in the United States, offering deposit accounts, instant transfers and a Visa debit card.
X Money allows eligible users to send funds to other X accounts without transfer fees. Its deposit accounts advertise annual yields of up to 6%, while qualifying purchases made with the X Card can earn 3% cashback.
Cross River Bank provides the banking infrastructure behind the service and holds customer deposits. Funds held directly by the bank can receive Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protection of up to $250,000, while an optional sweep arrangement can distribute deposits among participating banks and provide eligible users with up to $10 million in aggregate pass-through coverage.
X Payments itself is not a bank or an FDIC-insured institution. The company also had not announced support for Bitcoin, Dogecoin or any stablecoin when it introduced X Money, making the reported creator-payment talks a separate potential use of digital assets.
Crypto experience entered X’s senior product team before the payment rollout. In March, the company appointed Benji Taylor as head of design after he held product and design positions at Aave, Avara and Coinbase’s Base network.
Taylor’s background includes work on crypto wallets, decentralized finance products and consumer applications. His personal website also lists roles connected to xAI and SpaceX, although X has not linked his appointment to the reported USDC discussions.
Musk has previously described payments as one part of his plan to turn X into an application combining social media and financial services. The company’s current U.S. rollout relies on established banking and card infrastructure, while stablecoin payouts would introduce blockchain settlement into at least one part of its creator business.
U.S. stablecoin rules would shape any X rollout
For American users, a USDC payment option would fall within a developing federal framework established by the GENIUS Act. President Donald Trump signed the law in July 2025, creating national rules for payment stablecoin issuers and certain companies that distribute their tokens.
The law requires permitted issuers to maintain one-to-one reserves in approved liquid assets, provide regular disclosures and meet redemption and compliance requirements. Most provisions are expected to take effect on Jan. 18, 2027, unless final implementing rules activate them earlier.
On Aug. 17, the U.S. Treasury Department proposed new rules defining when a payment stablecoin is issued, offered or sold in the United States. The definitions would help determine when an issuer needs a federal or state license and when a digital asset service provider becomes subject to restrictions covering U.S. customers.
Treasury opened the proposal for public comment for 60 days after its publication in the Federal Register. The agency is also addressing how U.S. platforms may offer foreign-issued stablecoins once the law’s distribution restrictions begin.
Circle’s status as a U.S.-based issuer could make USDC relevant to companies seeking dollar-denominated blockchain payments under the new framework. Circle has not publicly confirmed that it is working with X, and the report did not identify the other stablecoins under review.
Creator payouts would also remain taxable income for U.S. recipients regardless of whether X pays them through a bank transfer or a dollar-linked token. The Internal Revenue Service requires taxpayers to report income received in digital assets at its fair market value when received, while later disposals can create separate gains or losses if the asset’s value changes.
Another social media company has already tested a comparable model outside the United States. In April, Meta introduced USDC payouts for selected creators in Colombia and the Philippines, using wallets on Solana and Polygon.
Stripe processes Meta’s stablecoin payments and may provide users with crypto-related tax documents tied to the transactions. Meta’s support page says eligible creators can link a compatible wallet, receive USDC and convert the tokens into local currency through supported services where available.
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