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Prediction Markets Now Behave Like Stock Trading Platforms

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Prediction markets have processed more than $154 billion in total volume, with daily trading on Polymarket alone often exceeding $300 million.

That scale forces a more important question. These platforms no longer look like niche betting venues. They increasingly resemble something closer to retail trading.

This analysis uses on-chain data, primarily from Polymarket—the largest platform by users and transactions in a market dominated by a Polymarket–Kalshi duopoly—to test that shift directly.

Current Notional Volume Spread: Dune

$10 Trades Are Defining the Market

Across four dimensions, who participates, how they behave, how capital moves, and at what scale, the volume growth pattern tells a consistent story.

And the category mix reinforces the framing: crypto and politics (excluding sports) now lead weekly volume on Polymarket, with the economy and earnings categories growing alongside them. These are not traditional gambling categories. They are finance-adjacent verticals.

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Notably, sports event contracts are already being offered as CFTC-regulated financial products by Kalshi and distributed through Robinhood’s Predictions Hub, placing them alongside stocks, options, and crypto within the same brokerage interface.

Prediction Markets' Growing Categories
Prediction Markets’ Growing Categories: Dune

The most revealing signal is not how much money flows through prediction markets. It is who is placing the trades.

On Polymarket, the median bet size is $10, according to BeInCrypto’s exclusive dashboard. The average sits at $89, but that figure is pulled upward by a thin tail of large participants.

The underlying distribution paints a clearer picture: roughly 20% of all wallets trade in the $0 to $10 range, another 27% fall between $10 and $50, and about 11% sit in the $50 to $100 bracket.

In total, over 57% of users trade for less than $100, and more than 80% trade for less than $500.

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Polymarket User Distribution by Average Bet Size
Polymarket User Distribution by Average Bet Size: Dune

This is not a market shaped by whales. It is a market built on small, individual participants deploying modest amounts. The pattern mirrors what defined the rise of retail stock trading.

Robinhood, for comparison, reported a median account size of $240, with the average around $5,000, according to CEO Vlad Tenev in 2021. The structural similarity is hard to miss: prediction markets are attracting the same class of small participants that reshaped equities over the past five years.

Users are Acting Like Traders, Not Bettors

Participation alone does not distinguish a financial platform from a betting one. Frequency of interaction does.

A bettor places a wager and waits. A trader enters positions, adjusts exposure, exits, and re-enters. The transactions-per-active-user ratio captures this distinction directly.

On Polymarket, this ratio currently stands at approximately 25 transactions per daily active user, meaning the average active participant executes 25 trades per day. Earlier this year, the figure peaked near 37.

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Polymarket Transactions Per Active Wallet
Polymarket Transactions Per Active Wallet: Dune

For context, through most of mid-2025, the ratio hovered between 3 and 5. The structural jump beginning in late 2025 represents a clear behavioral shift: users are no longer placing single predictions and walking away. They are actively managing positions across multiple markets.

This pattern has a direct parallel in crypto markets. A Kaiko research report on Binance found that the exchange processed 61.9 million trades against $20 billion in spot volume on a single snapshot day in December 2025, implying small average trade sizes and frequent execution across its 300 million registered accounts.

High-frequency, small-size trading is the behavioral signature of retail finance, whether the underlying asset is a stock, a token, or a prediction contract.

Capital Is Constantly in Motion

If users behave like traders, the capital dynamics should confirm it. They do. Polymarket currently holds approximately $445 million in total value locked, while open interest stands at roughly $477 million.

The near-parity between these two figures carries a specific implication: virtually all deposited capital is actively deployed in live positions rather than sitting idle. This is not passive liquidity. It is working capital.

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Polymarket TVL
Polymarket TVL; DeFillama

The volume-to-open-interest ratio reinforces the point. With daily taker volume around $339 million and open interest at $477 million, the ratio is 0.71. Capital is not just deployed. It is rotating.

Positions are being opened, closed, and re-entered at a pace that suggests continuous portfolio management rather than static, event-dependent exposure. A low vol-OI ratio would have suggested more betting-like activity.

Volume And OI
Volume And OI: Dune

In a traditional betting market, capital tends to lock in and wait for resolution. Here, it circulates. That distinction is material: it signals a system in which participants treat capital as a tool for ongoing risk adjustment, not a one-time stake in a single outcome.

This Is No Longer Event-Driven Growth

The behavioral and capital patterns described above would be noteworthy even at modest volumes. But they are not operating at modest volumes.

Polymarket’s weekly notional volume has consistently exceeded $1 billion through Q1 2026, with recent weeks surpassing $2.5 billion. The 7-week rolling average has crossed $2 billion.

Monthly volumes have climbed from around $1 billion in mid-2025 to over $8 billion by March 2026. The growth trajectory is not driven by any single event cycle.

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Rolling Average of notional volume
Rolling Average: Dune

Volume is diversifying across categories: sports, crypto, and politics. Each contributed substantially in the most recent weekly data, with economy, weather, and culture adding further breadth.

This diversification is what separates structural growth from event-driven spikes. A presidential election creates a temporary surge.

Sustained, multi-category volume growth across sports, crypto, macro, and culture points to a user base that engages with prediction markets regularly, not just occasionally, as a typical retail habit.

What the Prediction Markets’ Data Says

Each dimension reinforces the next in a single causal chain. The majority of participants are small, retail-sized users. Those users trade frequently, not once, but dozens of times per session.

The capital they deploy is almost entirely active, rotating through positions rather than sitting idle. And this behavior is occurring at billions of dollars in monthly volume, across a broadening set of categories.

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When small users dominate participation, execute frequent trades, and keep capital constantly in play at scale, the system begins to resemble a retail financial market rather than a betting platform.

Prediction markets are no longer just mechanisms for forecasting outcomes. They are changing into retail trading systems for real-world events, platforms where participants express views, manage risk, and deploy capital with a frequency and discipline that mirrors stock markets.

The post Prediction Markets Now Behave Like Stock Trading Platforms appeared first on BeInCrypto.

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Bitcoin, ether, solana slide, oil jumps on renewed U.S.-Iran war risks

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'Murban crude oil' surges past $100, posing risk to bitcoin and risk assets

Bitcoin is absorbing the return of Middle East risk better than oil or equities.

Bitcoin traded at $74,335 on Monday morning, down 1.6% over 24 hours but still up 4.8% on the week after the U.S. Navy seized an Iranian ship over the weekend and Tehran reimposed controls on the Strait of Hormuz.

Ether slipped 2.6% to $2,272, Solana fell 1.5% to $84, and BNB held flat at $618, with the broader top-10 showing red across the board but none of the moves breaching 3%.

Brent crude jumped 5.7% to $95.50 a barrel, European natural gas futures surged as much as 11%, S&P 500 futures fell 0.6% after Friday’s record close, and European equity futures indicated a 1.2% drop at the open. Gold fell 0.8% to $4,790, and the dollar edged up as traditional war-hedge demand returned.

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The weekend flare-up reversed a three-week unwind of war risk premium. Iran had declared the Strait “completely open” on Friday, prompting the S&P 500’s record close and a broad rally across emerging markets.

By Sunday morning, Trump was threatening to destroy every power plant and bridge in Iran if negotiations fail, and Tehran was signaling it may skip a second round of talks while the U.S. maintains its naval blockade.

This is the fourth major Iran-related risk event crypto has absorbed since the conflict began, and the pattern of shrinking sell-offs continues. Earlier escalations produced sharper drawdowns in bitcoin than this one, with each successive flare-up compressing the magnitude of the crypto reaction even as oil and equities continue to price each headline fresh.

The divergence suggests crypto has largely finished pricing the geopolitical tail risk that traditional markets are still reacting to, either because holders who were going to sell on Iran headlines have already sold, or because the spot ETF bid has become a more reliable floor than the futures-driven weekend gaps that defined earlier cycles.

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What traders will watch through the U.S. session is whether the 10-year Treasury yield holding near 4.27% and the dollar bid pull bitcoin lower through the risk-parity channel, or whether the equity correlation that dominated Q1 loosens on a day when the driver is explicitly geopolitical rather than macro-liquidity.

If bitcoin holds $74,000 through the European open and the Strait of Hormuz situation deteriorates further, the asset’s emerging reputation as a geopolitical shock absorber gains another data point. If the move extends below $73,000 on any incremental Iran headline, the shrinking-sell-off thesis breaks.

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Bitcoin slips from weekend highs as U.S.-Iran ceasefire talks strain

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Crypto Breaking News

Geopolitical tensions surrounding the Strait of Hormuz renewed a risk-off mood across cryptocurrency markets over the weekend, pressuring Bitcoin after a brief rally earlier in the week. On Friday, Bitcoin surged above $78,300 on Coinbase — its highest level since early February — but the rally faded as broader developments escalated. By weekend’s end, BTC had retreated to the $75,000–$76,000 zone, and late Sunday slid further to briefly dip below $74,000 in the wake of a U.S. military operation in the region.

The U.S. military announced that it opened fire on and later seized an Iranian cargo ship it said was attempting to breach a blockade of Iranian ports, a move that Tehran characterized as a violation of a two-week ceasefire between the two nations. The ceasefire, which had contributed to a calmer backdrop for energy markets and crypto trading alike, is due to expire this week, with investors watching how any renewal or breakdown could influence risk assets.

As tensions escalated, Tehran signaled retaliation and reportedly rejected a new round of peace talks slated for Monday in Islamabad, citing the U.S. blockade. The combined stance from Washington and Tehran underscored the fragility of a de-escalation path, complicating the outlook for both oil and crypto markets in the near term.

The broader market backdrop reflected the tension. U.S. stock futures opened Sunday night lower, with S&P 500 futures down about 0.8%, Nasdaq-100 futures off 0.6%, and Dow futures down roughly 0.9% (around 450 points). Oil markets reacted in kind, with crude futures rising more than 4.5% and trading above $95 a barrel as supply concerns and geopolitical risk re-entered the narrative.

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Crypto market sentiment also shifted. The Crypto Fear & Greed Index edged higher to 29 out of 100 on Monday, signaling a return to fear after a period of relative calm, though it remained in the cautious end of the spectrum rather than outright panic.

Bitcoin’s price trajectory over the weekend underscores how sensitive the crypto market remains to macro-driven risk factors in addition to its own supply-and-demand dynamics. The move back toward the mid-$70,000s after a weekend foray into the mid-$70k range highlighted the potential for renewed volatility should the conflict persist or escalate around Hormuz and related channels.

Cointelegraph has previously noted how macro tensions, including geopolitical flare-ups and oil price swings, have historically fed into bitcoin’s price action, offering a potential liquidity tilt during periods of global uncertainty. The current sequence — a Friday peak followed by a weekend retreat and a Sunday plunge tied to military actions — illustrates the ongoing intersection between energy markets, geopolitical risk, and crypto liquidity.

Looking ahead, the key question for traders is whether the ceasefire holds long enough for markets to re-price risk more calmly or if renewed escalation magnifies volatility. The end-date of the current two-week ceasefire looms large for both oil markets and digital assets, as any renewal terms or new conflict dynamics could reintroduce abrupt shifts in sentiment, liquidity, and hedge demand.

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Analysts will also be watching how the U.S. and Iranian sides approach diplomacy in the coming days. Tehran’s rejection of new talks and its vow of retaliation, alongside the U.S. military actions, suggests that any easing in risk appetite may depend heavily on clear signals of de-escalation rather than the mere absence of headlines.

In the near term, Bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies may continue to trade within a risk-off framework so long as geopolitical headlines dominate. Traders will likely weigh potential upside toward prior resistance levels against the risk of renewed volatility if tensions intensify or the ceasefire breaks down again. As always, liquidity, macro cues, and the evolving diplomatic calculus will shape the path forward for BTC and the broader crypto market.

What to watch next: the timing and outcome of any renewed discussions around the ceasefire, ongoing responses from both Tehran and Washington, and the corresponding reactions in oil and traditional equity markets. The coming days could reveal whether this episode marks a temporary pause in risk appetite or a more sustained shift in how investors price geopolitical risk into digital assets.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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LayerZero blames Kelp’s setup for $290 million exploit, attributes it to North Korea’s Lazarus

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LayerZero blames Kelp's setup for $290 million exploit, attributes it to North Korea's Lazarus

LayerZero has placed responsibility for the $290 million Kelp DAO exploit on Kelp’s own security configuration, saying the liquid restaking protocol ran a single-verifier setup that LayerZero had previously warned against.

The attack used a novel vector targeting the infrastructure layer rather than any protocol code.

Attackers, whom LayerZero attributed with preliminary confidence to North Korea’s Lazarus Group and its TraderTraitor subunit, compromised two of the remote procedure call (RPC) nodes that LayerZero’s verifier relied on to confirm cross-chain transactions.

RPC nodes are the servers that let software read and write data on a blockchain, and LayerZero’s verifier used a mix of internal and external ones for redundancy.

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The attackers swapped the binary software running on two of those nodes with malicious versions designed to tell LayerZero’s verifier that a fraudulent transaction had occurred, while continuing to report accurate data to every other system querying those same nodes.

That selective lying was engineered to keep the attack invisible to LayerZero’s own monitoring infrastructure, which queries the same RPCs from different IP addresses.

Compromising two nodes was not enough. LayerZero’s verifier also queried uncompromised external RPC nodes, so the attackers ran a distributed denial-of-service attack on those to force failover to the poisoned ones.

Traffic logs LayerZero shared show the DDoS running between 10:20 a.m. and 11:40 a.m. Pacific Time on Saturday. Once the failover triggered, the compromised nodes told the verifier a valid cross-chain message had arrived, and Kelp’s bridge released 116,500 rsETH to the attackers. The malicious node software then self-destructed, wiping binaries and local logs.

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The attack only worked because Kelp ran a 1-of-1 verifier configuration, meaning LayerZero Labs was the sole entity verifying messages to and from the rsETH bridge.

LayerZero’s public integration checklist and direct communications to Kelp had recommended a multi-verifier setup with redundancy, where consensus across several independent verifiers would be required to confirm a message. Under that configuration, poisoning one verifier’s data feed would not have been enough to forge a valid message.

“KelpDAO chose to utilize a 1/1 DVN configuration,” LayerZero wrote, using the protocol’s term for decentralized verifier networks. “A properly hardened configuration would have required consensus across multiple independent DVNs, rendering this attack ineffective even in the event of any single DVN being compromised.”

LayerZero said it has confirmed zero contagion to any other application on the protocol. Every OFT-standard token and application running multi-verifier setups was unaffected.

The LayerZero Labs verifier is back online, and the company said it will no longer sign messages for any application running a 1-of-1 configuration, forcing a protocol-wide migration off single-verifier setups.

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The architectural distinction matters for how DeFi prices LayerZero risk going forward.

A protocol-level bug would have implied every OFT token on every chain was potentially at risk. However, a configuration failure by a single integrator, combined with a targeted infrastructure attack, implies the protocol worked as designed and that Kelp’s security choices, not LayerZero’s code, created the opening.

Kelp has not yet publicly responded to LayerZero’s framing or addressed why it operated a 1-of-1 verifier setup despite the explicit recommendations against it.

Lazarus Group has been linked to the Drift Protocol exploit on April 1 and now Kelp on April 18, meaning the same North Korean unit has drained more than $575 million from DeFi in 18 days through two structurally different attack vectors: social engineering governance signers at Drift and poisoning infrastructure RPCs at Kelp.

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The group is adapting its playbook faster than DeFi protocols are hardening their defenses.

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April 2026 Becomes Worst Month for Crypto Hacks Since February 2025

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$3 Million Reportedly Lost in CrossCurve Bridge Exploit

Crypto protocols lost over $606 million to hacks in just 18 days of April 2026. That makes it the single worst month for exploits since February 2025.

The surge comes from two attacks on KelpDAO and Drift Protocol. Together, they account for 95% of April’s losses and 75% of 2026’s total of $771.8 million.

April 2026 Crypto Hack Losses Dwarf Q1 Combined

According to data from DefiLlama, April’s $606.2 million total across 12 incidents, it has already eclipsed the first quarter’s $165.5 million haul. That makes the month roughly 3.7 times as large as January, February, and March combined.

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Month Number of Hacks Amount Lost
January 12 $100.1M
February 8 $24.2M
March 15 $41.3M
April (to April 18) 12 $606.2M
YTD Total 47 $771.8M

Every month since February 2025 has held under $240 million, per DefiLlama’s tracker. That earlier figure was skewed by the $1.4 billion Bybit breach, which drove February 2025’s total to $1.466 billion.

April 2026’s losses arrived without any headline exchange hack of that size. The pattern shows how quickly attackers pivoted to Decentralized Finance (DeFi) infrastructure.

BeInCrypto reported that KelpDAO lost over $290 million on April 18, now the year’s largest single hack. Drift Protocol sits just behind at $285 million.

The damage has stacked up in recent days. Incidents at Vercel, Hyperbridge, Grinex Exchange, and Rhea Finance have piled in 2026.

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“None of these accounts for the collateral damage seen across TVL, user trust, valuations, and the space’s morale. DeFi remains a niche market until risk can be properly priced; at this time, we’re far from it,” an anlyst wrote.

DeFi TVL Slides as Sentiment Cracks

DeFi total value locked (TVL) fell by more than 7% over the past 24 hours following the Kelp exploit. Aave alone dropped from $26.4 billion to near $17.9 billion.

“Every protocol is taking a hit now,” analyst Ted Pillows wrote.

Hack frequency is also climbing sharply. DeFi recorded 47 incidents in the first 4.5 months of 2026, compared with 28 over the same period in 2025. That works out to a roughly 68% year-over-year rise.

The reactions point to rising concern that DeFi’s risk pricing has not caught up with infrastructure-layer exploits. Dollar losses sit below 2025’s Bybit-skewed pace, yet incidents keep stacking. The next few weeks will show whether DeFi can tighten security before April’s trend defines the year.

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The $13 billion DeFi wipeout in two days, and it started with KelpDAO attack

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The $13 billion DeFi wipeout in two days, and it started with KelpDAO attack

The decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is experiencing a sharp capital outflow following the weekend exploit of the KelpDAO protocol.

Leading DeFi lending platform Aave has lost $8.45 billion in deposits over the past 48 hours, driving a broader $13.21 billion decline in total value locked (TVL) across DeFi. TVL refers to the combined dollar value of crypto assets deposited across DeFi protocols, such as Aave, and is widely used as to measure liquidity and overall market activity.

Total value locked across DeFi fell from $99.497 billion to $86.286 billion, while Aave’s TVL declined by $8.45 billion to $17.947 billion over the same period, according to DefiLlama. Protocol-level data shows double-digit percentage drops across platforms, including Euler, Sentora, and Aave, with losses concentrated in lending, restaking, and yield strategies tied to the affected collateral.

The move stems from a $292 million exploit of Kelp’s bridge that allowed attackers to use stolen rsETH, a liquid re-staking token widely used in DeFi, as collateral to borrow funds on lending platforms.

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Because these stolen tokens lacked legitimate collateral backing, borrowing against them created potential shortfalls for lenders. It’s similar to conning a traditional bank by depositing fake fiat and taking out loans against it, ultimately leaving the lender with bad debt.

Protocols responded by freezing affected markets, while panicked users withdrew funds, leading to a broad decline in total value locked.

Token prices have moved less sharply than deposits. The AAVE token is down about 2.5% over 24 hours, while UNI and LINK are down less than 1% over the same period, according to CoinDesk market data.

Peter Chung, head of research at Presto Research, said in a note the incident highlights risks in cross-chain infrastructure, particularly in verification systems used by bridges.

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Early analysis suggests the issue may have originated in the verification layer rather than in smart contracts themselves.

Chung added that the episode also shows how interconnected DeFi protocols can transmit shocks beyond the initial point of failure, with withdrawal activity and market freezes extending to platforms without direct exposure to the exploit.

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Bitcoin Drops to $74K as US-Iran Tensions Flare

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Bitcoin Drops to $74K as US-Iran Tensions Flare

Bitcoin erased its weekend gains as it fell below $74,000 on Sunday after the US military seized an Iranian cargo ship, putting pressure on a ceasefire between the two countries. 

Bitcoin (BTC) had soared above $78,300 late Friday on Coinbase, its highest price since early February, but dropped to between $75,000 and $76,000 over the weekend after Iran said it would close vital oil routes in the Strait of Hormuz.

The cryptocurrency then sank sharply late on Sunday to briefly trade below $74,000 after the US military said it opened fire on, and later seized, an Iranian cargo ship it claimed tried to run its blockade of Iranian ports, with Tehran accusing the US of violating an agreed ceasefire. 

The two-week ceasefire between the US and Iran, which had helped boost the markets and temper oil prices, is set to end on Wednesday.

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Bitcoin’s price in US dollars on Coinbase over the last five days has fallen over the weekend amid rising tensions between the US and Iran. Source: TradingView

Tehran has vowed to retaliate over the US military’s seizure of the ship and has rejected a new round of peace talks slated for Monday in Islamabad, Pakistan, due to the US blockade, Iranian state media reported.

Related: Bitcoin eyes $90K as whales absorb 20x daily BTC supply in 30 days

US stock futures sank Sunday night amid rising tensions, with S&P 500 futures dropping 0.8%, Nasdaq-100 futures falling 0.6% and Dow Jones futures declining 0.9%, or about 450 points.

Oil futures also soared amid the hostilities and Iran’s threat to close the Strait of Hormuz, with crude oil futures rising over 4.5% to over $95 a barrel.

The Crypto Fear & Greed index rose by two points to a score of 29 out of 100 on Monday, its highest score since late January, but which still indicated a sentiment of “fear.”

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Magazine: Bitcoin will not hit $1M by 2030, says veteran trader Peter Brandt