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South Korea Tests Tokenized Deposits for Government Spending

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South Korea’s Ministry of Economy and Finance (MOEF) is advancing a blockchain-based payments experiment for government operating expenses within a regulatory sandbox focused on distributed ledger technology (DLT). In a Thursday announcement, the MOEF said it had selected a pilot that will use tokenized deposits to execute government spending, with a full rollout planned for the fourth quarter of 2026. The program will begin in Sejong City and will test predefined spending conditions, including limits on timing and usage categories.

Tokenized deposits are digital representations of traditional bank deposits that sit on blockchain or other DLT infrastructure. They are designed to function as bank liabilities within the existing financial system, rather than as independent stablecoins or new money. By moving government payments onto a tokenized layer, Seoul aims to investigate whether programmable, bank-backed money can improve traceability, reduce misuse, and streamline public-finance processes while staying anchored to the conventional banking system.

The MOEF’s pilot signals a shift from subsidy-focused experiments toward day-to-day public spending. If successful, the tokenized-deposit framework could become a tested backbone for more transparent and auditable government payments, potentially expanding to broader fiscal operations beyond the initial operational expenses.

Key takeaways

  • The Ministry of Economy and Finance has chosen a pilot to test tokenized deposits for government operational spending, with a staged rollout targeting Q4 2026 in Sejong City.
  • Tokenized deposits represent bank liabilities issued on blockchain technology, offering a way to digitize government spending while remaining within the conventional financial system.
  • The sandbox will define spending scope through predefined time windows and permitted categories, aiming to improve oversight and curb fund misuse.
  • South Korea has previously explored tokenized deposits for other public-finance use cases, and the MOEF has signaled broader ambitions to digitalize treasury fund execution in the coming years.
  • If the program proves viable, authorities will consider regulatory and legal changes to accommodate larger-scale, programmable government payments.

From subsidies to daily government spending: what changes with tokenized payments

The MOEF described the pilot as a move beyond subsidies toward implementing tokenized deposits in routine public-finance operations. The trial will involve collaboration with participating institutions to delineate the project’s scope, including how spending windows and category permissions are defined. The controlled environment is meant to test both the practicalities of tokenized settlement and the governance mechanisms required to monitor and audit such transactions.

Under the framework, government operational expenses—currently processed through government-issued cards and subsequent reporting—will be reimagined within a tokenized-deposit rails environment. The test is designed to demonstrate whether programmable, bank-backed digital money can enhance oversight and reduce the risk of misuse, all while preserving compatibility with the existing financial ecosystem.

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Crucially, the ministry underscored that the tokenized deposits used in this pilot are still bank liabilities. The objective is not to replace conventional payment rails but to explore whether an additional, auditable channel can improve efficiency and transparency in public spending without disrupting traditional financial relationships.

Broader policy arc: past milestones and future implications

South Korea’s approach to tokenized deposits isn’t new. The MOEF has referenced earlier efforts to pilot tokenized deposits for policy objectives, including a March initiative with the Environment Ministry and the Bank of Korea to fund electric-vehicle charging infrastructure subsidies. Those programs reflect a broader ambition to integrate tokenized payment rails into public finance, with the MOEF signaling a goal of converting a significant portion of treasury fund execution to digital instruments by 2030. The current Sejong pilot appears to be a natural extension of that strategy, moving from subsidy-specific pilots toward more routine public-spending workflows.

The evolution of these pilots sits within a wider regulatory and financial landscape in which central banks, ministries, and financial institutions are testing how tokenized, bank-backed money could coexist with traditional currency and payments. If the Sejong test succeeds, it could provide a concrete blueprint for how government agencies implement programmable money in a controlled, auditable manner before expanding to other departments or broader categories of spending.

Implications for investors, builders, and public governance

For the crypto and fintech communities, the MOEF’s sandbox demonstrates a growing appetite for studying how tokenized financial instruments can operate within a regulated government-finance context. Success would offer several potential benefits: enhanced visibility into government disbursements, tighter controls over spending categories and timing, and the opportunity to build interoperable rails that connect banks, public agencies, and private-sector contractors in a traceable, programmable framework.

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From an investment and development perspective, the project highlights a potential market for public-sector digital-finance tooling that blends conventional liability structures with modern distributed-ledger infrastructure. Companies and platforms that can demonstrate robust security, compliance with existing financial regulations, and interoperability with public procurement and accounting systems could see demand grow as governments pursue similar pilots domestically and abroad.

However, the path forward is contingent on regulatory clarity and the outcomes of the Sejong trial. Key questions include how the government will govern access to tokenized deposits, how to ensure robust auditability and privacy, and how to manage potential cyber risks inherent in new digital-money rails. Observers will also watch how the experience translates into policy decisions—whether to scale the program, adjust spending rules, or adopt new legal frameworks that explicitly accommodate tokenized, programmable government payments.

In the near term, the MOEF’s announcement underscores a measured, evidence-driven approach to digital finance in the public sector. The focus on predefined parameters—timing, categories, and oversight mechanisms—reflects a cautious but purposeful experiment aimed at extracting concrete lessons before expanding beyond Sejong and beyond operational expenses.

Readers should monitor how the sandbox defines success metrics, how the pilot interfaces with banks and public agencies, and what regulatory changes ministries may pursue as a result. The coming months will reveal whether tokenized deposits can practically streamline public spending while maintaining the governance standards required for public funds.

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As South Korea charts this course, the broader question for the market is whether this model can scale, what institutional partners will be involved, and how quickly such technology can translate into tangible improvements in transparency, efficiency, and accountability in government payments.

Ultimately, the Sejong pilot marks a notable milestone in the ongoing exploration of programmable public money—an initiative that could reshape how governments transact, how contractors get paid, and how citizens experience the accountability of public finance.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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Where Tokenized Assets Are Today

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Identity chart pink

In today’s newsletter, Marcin Kazmierczak from Redstone takes us through the evolution of tokenization as it moves from “concept to allocation.”

Then, in “Ask an Expert,” Kieran Mitha answers investor questions about tokenized investments.

Sarah Morton


Where Tokenized Assets Are Today

Tokenization is moving from concept to allocation. What matters now is how these assets fit into portfolios and what they actually enable.

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Your clients are already hearing and asking about tokenized assets, and that trend will only accelerate.

In the last 18 months, companies like BlackRock, Franklin Templeton, and Fidelity Investments have launched real products on the blockchain, including Treasury funds and private credit strategies. Investors are taking notice. The numbers are rising, the news is easy to track, and the basic idea is simple: bonds, private credit, and money market funds are now available on-chain, without traditional intermediaries, and settlement becomes orders of magnitude faster.

That summary is mostly accurate, but it does not tell the whole story.

The technology to create tokens has never been the main challenge. The real test comes later, with decisions on compliance, identity, transfer rules, sanctions, and lifecycle management. These are the areas where most projects slow down, and where the market is evolving now.

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Last month, RedStone’s research team released the Tokenization & RWA Standards Report 2026, which examines how these systems are actually being built.

The compliance question is an architecture question

For issuers, the most important choice is not which blockchain to use, but where to place the compliance rules.

Compliance can be built right into the token and enforced by smart contracts with every transfer. It can also be managed outside the token using tools such as whitelisting. Another option is to enforce compliance at the network level, where the blockchain itself decides which transactions are allowed.

Each method fixes one issue but creates another.

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Identity chart pink

Identity verification structures for tokenized assets, source: Tokenization Standards Report

Putting compliance rules inside the token gives you exact control, but it makes the system less flexible. For example, updating a sanctions list or rule might require upgrading the contract, turning a simple policy change into a technical task. Managing compliance outside the token makes things more flexible, but it means relying on middlemen and can expose assets if they leave their original environment. Enforcing rules at the network level makes token design easier, but it limits how easily the asset can move to other chains and systems.

For advisors, this is not an abstract design choice. It directly affects how an asset behaves. It determines whether it can move across chains, integrate with blue-chip decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, like Morpho or Aave, and serve as collateral in a lending strategy. Two tokenized funds with identical underlying assets can behave very differently depending on this single architectural decision.

Institutional capital is already moving on-chain

The transition from theory to practice is most evident in how tokenized assets are used in lending markets.

Deposits of tokenized real-world assets in DeFi lending protocols have surpassed $840 million. A large share of this activity follows a familiar structure: an investor posts a tokenized asset as collateral, borrows against it, and redeploys the borrowed capital, often back into the same asset. The mechanics are new, but the logic is not. It is a programmatic version of the same capital efficiency strategies long used in traditional finance, now executed without a prime broker — faster, cheaper, and with less friction.

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How investors allocate these assets is increasingly reflecting broader market trends.

On one major protocol, tokenized Treasury exposure declined sharply, while tokenized gold allocations expanded severalfold over the same period, tracking changes in rate expectations with notable precision. It is the best showcase of how professional capital responds to macro signals through on-chain infrastructure.

For advisors, this reframes the role of tokenized assets. They are not simply wrappers around existing products. In the right structure, they become productive collateral, capable of generating additional yield and participating in broader strategies while remaining in the portfolio.

Credit risk is becoming explicit

As these assets move into lending and structured strategies, credit risk is evolving alongside specific DeFi strategies, such as looping. Emerging DeFi risk ratings frameworks like Credora introduce continuous, on-chain risk assessment, bringing a level of transparency that traditional markets rarely offer.

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For advisors, that shifts the question from what the asset represents to how it behaves under stress, and what risks it entails. Simple-to-understand ratings on a familiar A+ to D scale facilitate the creation of a risk-adjusted portfolio, attracting more and more interested parties.

What remains unresolved

Some structural gaps remain. Corporate actions still rely heavily on off-chain processes, and illiquid assets such as private credit and real estate are not yet fully compatible with DeFi standards.

Until those pieces are solved, tokenization will continue to scale unevenly, with the most complex assets lagging behind the simplest ones. The bright side? Creators of tokenization frameworks are well aware of that limitation, and soon enough, we should see solutions addressing that gap.

Blockchain sanctions screening chart

Sanctions screening approaches in tokenized assets, source: Tokenization Standards Report

Marcin Kazmierczak, co-founder, Redstone

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Ask an Expert

Q:As tokenization moves from pilot programs into live financial infrastructure, what needs to happen for it to become a standard layer in global capital markets?

Tokenization becomes standard when it integrates into existing financial systems rather than competing with them. The priority is interoperability between blockchains, custodians, and traditional market infrastructure so assets can move seamlessly across platforms.

Regulatory clarity is equally critical. Institutions need confidence in ownership rights, settlement finality, and compliance frameworks before allocating significant capital. We are already seeing early traction, but scale will come when tokenized assets match or exceed the efficiency, liquidity, and reliability of traditional securities. At that point, tokenization will not be viewed as innovation. It will simply be the infrastructure underpinning modern markets.

Q:What are the most overlooked risks or misconceptions surrounding tokenized assets today?

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One of the biggest misconceptions is that tokenization automatically creates liquidity. It does not. It simply makes assets easier to access. Take real estate as an example. You can tokenize a property and divide it into thousands of shares, but if there are no active buyers and sellers, those shares will still be difficult to trade.

Another challenge is how early the market still is. Different platforms are building their own ecosystems, which can lead to fragmented liquidity rather than one unified market.

The technology is moving quickly, but infrastructure, regulation, and investor participation are still catching up. That gap between what is possible and what is practical is where most of the risk exists today.

Q: For retail investors, does tokenization open the door to new types of investments, and could that be a catalyst for bringing younger generations into the market?

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Tokenization is emerging as younger generations move into higher earning careers and take a more active role in managing their wealth. Having grown up through rapid technological change myself, this group naturally expects financial systems to evolve in the same way as everything else in their lives.

That mindset is driving a greater willingness to explore asset classes beyond traditional stocks and bonds. Tokenization can open access to areas like private markets and real estate, while offering a more digital and flexible investment experience.

It is not just about new opportunities, it is about alignment. As the financial industry modernizes, it begins to reflect the speed, transparency, and accessibility younger investors are used to. That shift is likely to play a meaningful role in attracting a new generation into investing.

Kieran Mitha, marketing coordinator

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Chiliz price surges amid adoption in South Korea and UEFA Champions League excitement

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Chiliz price surges amid adoption in South Korea and UEFA Champions League excitement
  • Chiliz price rose more than 13% to above $0.0433.
  • Korea’s Naver Pay has onboarded nearly 1 million users to the Chiliz Chain.
  • Top European teams with fan tokens have advanced in the UEFA Champions League.

Chiliz (CHZ) rose more than 13% as investor momentum strengthened.

The token’s price moved higher following a new milestone in Asia’s crypto adoption, while renewed excitement around European football also supported gains, pushing CHZ to its highest level this month.

Chiliz Chain gets Korean boost

Chiliz is looking to gain traction in South Korea following a new integration with Naver Pay, the country’s dominant payment gateway.

On Thursday, Chiliz announced that Naver is bringing its 33 million daily active users on-chain via Chiliz Chain, a move aimed at supercharging growth in the SportFi ecosystem.

As part of the integration, Chiliz said its infrastructure layer—focused on fan engagement and tokenized sports experiences—has added nearly one million new participants in South Korea.

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More than 900,000 Naver Pay Wallets have already been created on the Chiliz Chain, enabling users to access fan tokens, digital collectibles, and blockchain-based sports rewards.

The partnership represents a significant step in linking traditional fintech platforms with Web3 infrastructure, particularly in South Korea, a market known for its high cryptocurrency trading activity.

CHZ Token gains as Europe’s football giants advance in UCL

CHZ’s price action intensified amid UCL semifinal drama.

The token surged by more than 13% intraday, peaking above $0.0433 and emerging as one of the top performers on the day. Gains aligned with a spike in trading volume, which had exploded 262% to over $175 million, as of writing, to signal robust investor enthusiasm.

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This rally coincides with Chiliz’s announcement on X that a Fan Token-backed team is assured a UCL final spot.

Notably, Arsenal, Atletico Madrid, and Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) have all advanced to the semifinals, amplifying hype for their Chiliz-powered Fan Tokens.

Fan Tokens, which let supporters vote on club decisions and earn rewards, saw heightened trading as fans rallied behind their teams.

Chiliz price outlook

Analysts remain bullish on CHZ ahead of the 2026 World Cup in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, projecting a potential rally as the showpiece event draws closer.

In the short-term, CHZ could climb to $0.06 if Korean onboarding sustains and UCL finals deliver fan token spikes.

However, primary resistance sits at $0.045 and $0.05. On the downside, immediate support is likely at $0.038.

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Macro and geopolitical factors could catalyze broader market corrections, which means Chiliz’s price may swing alongside top coins.

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12 Years Later, OneCoin Crypto Ponzi Legacy Continues

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12 Years Later, OneCoin Crypto Ponzi Legacy Continues

In the United States, victims of the $4 billion crypto Ponzi scam OneCoin are finally receiving compensation. 

On April 13, the US Department of Justice said that $40 million in assets are available to anyone who purchased OneCoin between 2014 and 2019 and experienced a net loss.

This program marks a milestone for OneCoin victims, most of whom had no recourse to get back what they lost, until now. Victims in the UK attempted a class action suit in 2024, but it fell apart when litigation funding was terminated.

Few crypto schemes were as prominent as OneCoin, in terms of scale and the international intrigue that followed. Founders and associates have been imprisoned or killed, while the ringleader is still on the lam.

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The Wild West of early crypto was often defined by schemes and eccentric characters, the effects of which, in the case of OneCoin, are still felt today. 

OneCoin’s founding and legal troubles

In 2014, cryptocurrency was still a niche internet phenomenon. The Bitcoin white paper was only six years old, and general knowledge of cryptocurrencies and blockchain tech was limited. Still, interest in the new asset class was rising among retail investors.

From August to December 2014, Ruja Ignatova and Karl Sebastian Greenwood founded OneCoin. Initial promotions began in Europe, and soon entities popped up in Bulgaria, Dubai and Belize. 

OneCoin’s structure was convoluted. Investors needed to buy packages of tokens that would allow them to “mine” OneCoin. There were several different price entry points for packages, with almost no upper limit. The most expensive, according to CoinMarketCap, was 225,000 euros.

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“Trader packages” for OneCoin. Source: CoinMarketCap

Promoters, meanwhile, could earn commissions by bringing new investors into the program. This allowed the project to expand rapidly.

While marketed as a cryptocurrency, it was not decentralized. The coin itself was hosted on the centralized servers of OneCoin Ltd. The coins were not available for public trading and owners could only trade nominal amounts in a closed system. 

The project seemed fairly suspect from the outset, but fear of missing out, as well as the massive audiences drawn by Ignatova at seemingly above-board conferences, were enough to convince many.

Throughout 2015, the project grew across the globe in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Repeating the familiar MLM playbook, promoters emphasized urgency, and the immediacy of an impending explosion in value and crypto adoption. 

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Regulators began to catch on by late 2015. Bulgaria’s Financial Supervision Commission issued a warning about OneCoin, after which the company ceased all operations in the country. 

By 2016, several other national financial regulators also had OneCoin on their lists. By year’s end, Norway, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden and Latvia were all investigating the project. The Hungarian central bank called it a pyramid scheme.

In December, Italian authorities defined OneCoin as an illegal pyramid scheme and demanded it cease activities in the country. China began investigating the project and even arrested some investors. 

Regulation efforts ramped up again in 2017. Germany, Thailand, Belize and Vietnam all issued cease-and-desist orders or declared OneCoin illegal. In India, undercover police arrested 18 organizers of a OneCoin event that attempted to bring in new investors. Indian authorities went so far as to charge Ignatova herself in July.

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By the year’s end, things had reached a breaking point. Investors were concerned about delays in a supposed exchange that would allow them to cash out their coins. This was supposedly going to be addressed at an October meeting of OneCoin organizers in Lisbon, Portugal. 

But Ignatova didn’t show. According to a BBC investigation, she boarded a Ryanair flight from Sofia to Athens, Greece on Oct. 25, 2017. No one has seen her since. 

Arrests, murders and Crypto Queen on the run

In early 2018, investigators moved in on the project. At the request of prosecutors in Germany, Bulgarian police raided the OneCoin offices in Sofia. The raid, which according to the Sofia Globe also included German police and Europol, seized servers and material evidence. 

In July, co-founder Greenwood was arrested on charges of money laundering and fraud in Thailand, where he would await extradition back to the United States.

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Ignatova’s own lawyer, Mark S. Scott, was convicted of conspiracy to commit money laundering and conspiracy to commit bank fraud due to his connections and activities at OneCoin. He would be disbarred a few years later. 

OneCoin stayed in the headlines for the next couple of years as developments continued to unfold. In July 2020, two project promoters, Oscar Brito Ibarra and Ignacio Ibarra, were kidnapped and murdered in Mexico. Local media reported that local cartels, which were increasingly becoming interested in cryptocurrencies, could have been involved. 

In 2020, entertainment media in Hollywood reported that Kate Winslet would star in a movie about OneCoin. To date, it hasn’t started production. 

While Greenwood’s case proceeded in the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation put Ignatova on its Ten Most Wanted fugitives list in June 2023. 

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Source: FBI

In September, Greenwood was sentenced to 20 years in prison and ordered to pay $300 million in damages. He pleaded guilty to charges of fraud and money laundering. His sentence was a marked reduction from the initial 60 years sought by the prosecution. 

In 2024, the DoJ arrested and charged William Morro for bank fraud in connection with OneCoin. Morro moved some $35 million in OneCoin funds between banks in China and Hong Kong, and $6 million between Hong Kong and the US. Morro surrendered himself to authorities and pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit bank fraud.

In the latest news, the DoJ announced on Monday that $40 million in assets are available to compensate investors who bought OneCoin between 2014 and 2019 and recorded a net loss. 

By the time everything was said and done, some 3.5 million people had lost money to the crypto scheme. Authorities estimate that organizers ultimately made away with $4 billion in user funds. 

Ignatova remains at large and on the Ten Most Wanted list. The FBI is offering a $5 million reward for info leading to her arrest and/or conviction. 

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