How do we know when the world has changed?
Tech
Bill To Block Publishers From Killing Online Games Advances In California
An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: A bill focused on maintaining long-term playable access to online games has passed out of the California Assembly’s appropriations committee, setting up a floor vote by the full legislative body. The advancement is a major win for Stop Killing Games‘ grassroots game preservation movement and comes over the objections of industry lobbyists at the Entertainment Software Association. California’s Protect Our Games Act, as currently written, would require digital game publishers who cut off support for an online game to either provide a full refund to players or offer an updated version of the game “that enables its continued use independent of services controlled by the operator.” The act would also require publishers to notify players 60 days before the cessation of “services necessary for the ordinary use of the digital game.” As currently amended, the act would not apply to completely free games and games offered “solely for the duration of [a] subscription. Any other game offered for sale in California on or after January 1, 2027, would be subject to the law if it passes. […]
In a formal statement of support for the bill sent to the California legislature, SKG wrote that “there is no other medium in which a product can be marketed and sold to a consumer and then ripped away without notice As live service games rise in popularity for game developers and gamers alike, end-of-life procedures are essential tools to ensure prolonged access to the games consumers pay to enjoy.” The Entertainment Software Association, which helps represent the interests of major game publishers, publicly told the California Assembly last month that the bill misrepresents how modern game distribution actually works. “Consumers receive a license to access and use a game, not an unrestricted ownership interest in the underlying work,” the ESA wrote. The eventual shutdown of outdated or obsolete games is “a natural feature of modern software,” the group added, especially when that software requires online infrastructure maintenance. The ESA also said the bill would impose unreasonable expectations on publishers regarding licensing rights for music or IP rights, which are often negotiated on a time-limited basis. “A legal requirement to keep games playable indefinitely could place publishers in an impossible position — forcing them to renegotiate licenses indefinitely or alter games in ways that may not be legally or technically feasible,” they wrote.
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On June 1, a team of scientists published a preprint scientific paper claiming they had edited human embryonic DNA with more precision than any previous attempt. As a technical achievement, the work is undoubtedly impressive, largely avoiding the errors that had accompanied earlier efforts to gene edit embryos. With further development, such embryonic editing could free future children from fatal or debilitating genetic diseases, but as the veteran science writer Carl Zimmer reported in the New York Times later that week, the real headline news was that the work “could open the way to babies engineered with particular characteristics” — designer children, in other words.
The same day the Times piece published, the AI company Anthropic published a post asserting that AI was already accelerating AI development, which the authors argue may represent an early step toward recursive self-improvement (RSI) — AI systems that design and build their own successors, faster and faster. Already most of the code that runs Anthropic’s Claude was written by Claude itself, which has helped the company’s engineers ship eight times as much code as they did two years ago. While more is not automatically better, and Claude is still far from being able to guide itself, the possibility of self-improving AI is on the horizon — and “it could come sooner than most institutions are prepared for,” as Anthropic co-founder Jack Clark and Anthropic Institute head Marina Favaro wrote.
These two writings were published by academic biologists and the employees of an AI company, in two wildly disparate disciplines, but they nonetheless point to a possible near future that is fundamentally different from the world we live in now.
Both events are potential key steps toward unprecedented powers — not all of which we would have firm control over: newly designed intelligences and newly designed humans. What the two share is not just consequence, but bivalence — the possibility of both the miraculous and the catastrophic. The biological precision that could eradicate an inherited disease like Huntington’s could also pave the way to a genetic caste system. The AI capability that could accelerate decades of scientific progress could also utterly disempower its makers — us.
The world may have walked through a historic door with both of these advances last week. But we can’t yet know which kind.
Take the biology step first. Strip away the headlines — which come from the media, not from the scientists themselves — and the experiment is fairly narrow.
Using so-called base editors, which make a small nick in a gene strand rather than chopping out an entire segment, as CRISPR does, Columbia University geneticist Dieter Egli and his team edited two genes: PCSK9 and HBG. You might have heard of the first one; PCSK9 produces a protein that affects the body’s ability to clear cholesterol from the blood, and certain mutations in the gene can drive LDL cholesterol levels dangerously high. HBG encodes a form of hemoglobin that the body relies on before birth and normally switches off afterward. Being able to control these genes could prevent the mutations that increase heart disease risk (PCSK9) and reactivate that fetal hemoglobin in adulthood, easing — though not curing — sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia (HBG).
The researchers delivered their base editors into fertilized eggs and into two-cell human embryos, and in some cases they managed to make the edits without the chromosomal damage that had been associated with earlier attempts to edit using CRISPR.
The paper — which has yet to be peer-reviewed — is an impressive step forward in the effort to use gene editing technology on human embryo genes with greater precision. But impressive is still far from perfect, or even safe — some edits landed at the wrong spot in the genome, and relatively few of the embryos went on to develop normally. (The embryos, which had been donated by IVF patients, were developed no further than very early stages, and none were implanted.) Egli and his colleagues were clear in the paper that any notion of using the base editing technique as it is now for treatment is “premature.” But the paper does show such editing can now apparently be done without shredding chromosomes.
When the Chinese scientist He Jiankui used conventional CRISPR to edit human embryos in 2018, producing three children, his work was widely rejected not just for moral reasons, but technical ones, as his clumsy gene editing did real genetic damage. Should the new paper’s results bear out, the technical obstacles to embryo engineering begin to vanish.
No one knows what comes next. Certain genetic disorders like sickle-cell anemia can be fixed with a single gene edit, but preventing more complex health problems — or engineering the traits some people might dream about, like height or intelligence — would require editing hundreds or even thousands of genes in combinations we don’t fully understand yet. But if the technical barriers keep falling, that will only leave the moral ones — and the moral ones have rarely held back a technology for long.
As revolutionary as the ability to truly engineer human beings would be, biology still moves slowly. The same can’t be said for the subject of the other document released last week.
Anthropic’s post uses over 5,000 words and plenty of (I’m guessing) Claude-produced graphics to make a single point: The proportion of human work that goes into building AI is shrinking at every stage. Engineers who once wrote the code now mostly review what Claude itself writes. Experiments once designed manually are now increasingly proposed and run by the model. While humans still make the judgment call about what is worth building, Anthropic argues that even that has started to change, as employees increasingly defer to what the model proposes to do next.
A research loop that is increasingly dominated by AI itself is one that could move ever faster. Technology has always changed at the rate of human beings — how fast they can think, plan, and act. An AI capable of improving itself eliminates that speed limit, allowing for the very real possibility of it moving faster than any human or any human-run institution charged with governing it can follow. Intelligence itself goes critical — each smarter model building a smarter one, the reaction sustaining itself.
That might seem like a lot to put on a few months of internal coding data from an AI company that has a vested interest in making its models look as strong and as smart as possible. (Especially if that AI company happens to have a potentially record-breaking IPO on the horizon.) In the post, Anthropic itself concedes that simply counting lines of code only goes so far, and that speed is only at best a partial metric of success. But independent research has shown that AI models are able to spend longer and longer on a single task, which allows them to work not just quicker but deeper. We can quibble over the speed, but not on the idea that AI is moving forward, and fast.
Powerful and blindingly quick AI could lead to rapid economic, scientific, and medical progress — all the dreams Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei has laid out in his own writing.
But it also threatens to be existentially dangerous as well as profoundly disempowering for most of us, not unlike genetic human enhancement could be for those left out. And the potential speed of such change is so great that Anthropic makes the unusual proposal of calling for AI companies to consider collectively slowing down or even temporarily pausing frontier AI development, to enable societal structures and AI alignment research to keep up. The authors of the Anthropic post specifically cite the international regimes built to control past dangerous technology like nuclear weapons, which, for all their problems, have so far kept the world from annihilating itself. But those institutions, like the International Atomic Energy Agency, took decades of white-knuckling to build, and as the Anthropic leaders note, when it comes to self-improving AI: “We don’t have that long.”
How do we know when the world has changed?
Sometimes it’s immediate. When Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann achieved nuclear fission in December 1938, experts understood the implications almost immediately: A nuclear bomb would be possible. Sometimes the scientists see it, and the rest of the world doesn’t. When Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier published the seminal paper detailing CRISPR in 2012, initial press attention was all but nonexistent, and the institutions that would eventually need to govern it had no idea what had just happened.
The hardest cases of all are the ones where even the experts can only see half of it. Fission pointed one way, toward a weapon, and the people who understood it could do little to stop it. Each of the two advances of last week points in two ways at once. The same editing technology that could spare a child from a fatal disease is one that could eventually sort children into genetic castes. The same intelligence that could give us “a country of geniuses in a data center,” as Amodei once put it, could also leave us as little more than spectators in the world.
So we are left where we began, at a threshold we cannot see past. The danger is not just that we may have walked through the wrong door. It is that we’ve walked through without noticing there was one.
A version of this story originally appeared in the Future Perfect newsletter. Sign up here!
As Summer Game Fest draws to a close, it’s a fitting time for reflection. Not just on the cool games we saw announced (and there were a bunch), but also on an industry that, in recent years, has reached thrilling new creative and artistic highs alongside deeply depressing lows in the form of layoffs, cancelations and studio closures. Xbox is putting its introspection out in the open.
New CEO Asha Sharma and Chief Content Officer Matt Booty penned a public memo to the gaming company’s employees to mark the first 100 days of Sharma’s tenure leading Xbox. The takeaways are pretty grim.
For starters, the simple math of Xbox’s revenue isn’t adding up to success. “Excluding Activision Blizzard King, over the past five years, we have spent over $20 billion on ongoing investments in our content, platform, and hardware subsidy, but our annual revenue has declined nearly half a billion during that time,” the execs state. “Going forward, this cannot continue.” They also acknowledge the impact of RAMaggedon: “We are currently unable to make as many consoles as players want to buy, and we need a new business model and partnerships for hardware as we remain committed to Helix.” (Helix, in this case, is Project Helix, the codename for Xbox’s new console.)
Then there’s the kicker, a renewed admission that Xbox still can’t support the many studios it acquired in the late 2010s in an effort to grow its first-party game ambitions. “We have found ourselves over extended as we executed on changing strategies in a landscape of more readily available content,” the pair said, noting elsewhere that with so many good games, not to mention the plethora of other forms of entertainment available, “Going forward, our competition is attention.”
While the memo stops short of saying that layoffs are coming, a report from Bloomberg emphasized the likelihood of what’s being communicated between the lines. Sources have told the publication that substantial cuts are on the horizon for Xbox. Although the piece doesn’t offer any specifics about their scope, the expectation is that layoffs will begin in July, following the end of Microsoft’s fiscal year on June 30.
It’s a brutal situation for Xbox, which already saw several thousands of jobs eliminated in 2024 and again in 2025. And even if the company does once more have to downsize and abandon promising new games this summer, that still won’t be an instant fix for its problems. It took several years of questionable decisions to dig the hole that Xbox is currently in. It’ll take several years with a patient and sustainable approach, and probably no small amount of luck, for the business to dig itself out. That’s no shade to Sharma or her predecessor Phil Spencer. That’s just the nature of being one cog in a behemoth business machine like Microsoft, where the goals of making amazing video games and video game hardware are often not aligned with the goal of making investors and shareholders happy.
The EPICS (Engineering Projects in Community Service) in IEEE program, administered by IEEE Educational Activities, has launched the Excellent EPICS in IEEE Contributor Awards. The recognitions honor the program’s outstanding students and faculty volunteers in Excellent Team Leader and Excellent Faculty Advisor categories.
The awards recognize individuals whose leadership, mentorship, and commitment have meaningfully advanced the impact of EPICS projects. Candidates must demonstrate clear, measurable contributions that elevate both the student experience and the outcomes delivered to community partners. Reviewers also consider other awards, publications, presentations, and professional achievements that reinforce the nominee’s credibility and leadership.
Recipients must demonstrate outstanding project management and documentation, strong mentoring and collaboration, and high-quality outcomes.
Here are this year’s recipients.
Team Leader Award
Surattana Kakay is a computer engineering student at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), located in IEEE Region 10 (Asia Pacific). Kakay, an IEEE student member, was honored for guiding her team in the design, development, and implementation of the Automatic Water Level Control System project, which aids rice farmers in Thailand.
As the team leader, Kakay played a pivotal role in transforming the student initiative into an operational, community‑centered solution. Her inspiration was purpose-driven, she says.
“My motivation was to apply engineering to real agricultural challenges, like water scarcity and climate change,” she says. “I wanted to bridge advanced technology with the tangible needs of local farmers.”
She managed the project end to end—coordinating workflow, assigning tasks based on team members’ strengths, and ensuring each phase of development aligned with the technical road map she created. She served as the primary liaison between the student team, the Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, and farmers to make sure the system was practical and user‑friendly, and that it addressed community needs.
“Watching students grow as they design solutions that improve lives has been both inspiring and deeply humbling.” —Elizabeth Vidal-Duarte
Under her leadership, the team developed a low‑cost IoT‑based alternate wetting and drying (AWD) system that lets farmers remotely monitor and control water levels in rice paddies using smartphones. Kakay oversaw the integration of noncontact laser time‑of‑flight sensors to withstand harsh field conditions, and she championed the use of long-range technology connected to a free community Wi‑Fi network to eliminate Internet service fees.
The results were transformative, Kakay says.
“Our AWD system reduces water consumption by 63 percent and methane emissions by 7 percent annually,” she says. “Turning an academic assignment into a real‑world solution that delivers measurable, sustainable results has been incredibly meaningful.”
Her achievements advanced sustainability for Thailand’s most water‑intensive crop while demonstrating the potential of accessible engineering solutions.
Beyond technical innovation, Kakay cultivated a culture of learning, continuity, and empowerment within her team. She introduced a mentorship framework to support future student cohorts. She and her team produced academic papers, visual media, and presentations to communicate the project’s value to scientific audiences as well as the general public.
“Surattana Kakay is a pivotal figure in turning innovation into reality and delivering tangible benefits to the community,” says IEEE Member Thanasin Bunnam, her faculty advisor and an assistant professor at RMUTT.
Kakay’s leadership journey became a personal milestone, she says: “Leading this project transformed me from a student into a team leader. As a female engineer, it empowered me to advocate for women in engineering and show that gender is no barrier to technical excellence.”
Through her guidance, the AWD project evolved from a classroom assignment into a solution that illustrates IEEE’s mission of advancing technology for humanity.
Faculty Advisor Awards
Navid Shaghaghi, a lecturer and researcher at Santa Clara University, in California, was recognized for his dedication to integrating service learning into engineering education and fostering student innovation that benefits underserved communities in IEEE Region 6 (Western USA).
During his more than six years of engagement with EPICS in IEEE, Shaghaghi, an IEEE senior member, has demonstrated exceptional leadership in advancing sustainable, human‑centered engineering through the long‑running Hydration Automation (HA) project and the HiveSpy initiative. They are part of Santa Clara University’s Frugal Innovation Hub and EPIC Research Laboratory.
Since 2019, Shaghaghi has served as principal investigator for the HA project, guiding its evolution from prototype to a robust, field‑tested irrigation automation system that supports small ranches and community farms in California.
The HA project is a low‑cost system that helps reduce water waste by monitoring soil moisture and automating watering. By combining ultrasonic tank sensing, soil sensors, and ongoing technical support, the project improves efficiency, lowers operational costs, and promotes more sustainable urban agriculture.
Under Shaghaghi’s guidance, more than 30 undergraduate and graduate students have gained hands-on experience in IoT development, field deployment, testing, and client collaboration.
His commitment to frugal innovation and human‑centric design has resulted in solutions that are minimalist, affordable, sustainable, portable, and rugged—often challenging conventional approaches to agricultural technology.
“Turning an academic assignment into a real‑world solution that delivers measurable, sustainable results has been incredibly meaningful.” —Surattana Kakay
The HA project has produced new research publications and earned recognition, including a third-place finish by Shaghaghi’s graduate students at this year’s IEEE Rising Stars Project Showcase. During the annual event, students and young professionals present their technical innovations to industry leaders and peers.
The HiveSpy project is a low‑cost, frame‑level IoT monitoring system that helps beekeepers automate labor‑intensive tasks and prevent hive swarming by tracking production yield in real time. By collecting frame‑weight data and generating optimized harvest schedules, the system reduces manual workload while improving the hive’s health and boosting honey output.
Shaghaghi says his mentorship has been shaped by the realities of student turnover, a challenge he embraces with optimism and adaptability.
“The transient nature of student teams is a challenge but one you must embrace, bear‑hug style,” he says. “By energizing your student community and welcoming new contributors, you’ll be amazed by the brilliant solutions they bring.”
His philosophy has allowed him to cultivate a thriving pipeline of student innovators, he says, and he has strengthened his own professional practice as well.
“I’ve been mentoring EPICS in IEEE students since 2019,” he says. “It has taught me resilience and how to operate on a tight budget while still delivering real‑world results.”
Beyond the technical achievements, Shaghaghi’s work reflects a commitment to humanitarian technology and service learning. As the founder and director of the EPIC (Ethical, Pragmatic, and Intelligent Computer) lab, he has built a diverse, interdisciplinary community dedicated to innovation for the benefit of humanity.
For him, he says, the EPICS in IEEE award carries profound meaning: “Receiving this award validates my deepest conviction in humanitarian technology research and strengthens my commitment to service‑learning education.”
His students echo those sentiments. One team member said “Professor Shaghaghi is an engine of progress who keeps forging ahead.”
Through his leadership, Shaghaghi has created an enduring model of mentorship, innovation, and community partnership that is helping to shape the next generation of socially responsible engineers.
Elizabeth Vidal-Duarte is celebrated for her impactful mentorship and leadership in expanding EPICS in IEEE engagement across Peru and IEEE Region 9 (Latin America and Caribbean). Vidal-Duarte, a research professor at San Agustin National University Arequipa, in Peru, is a faculty advisor and technical mentor for two EPICS in IEEE projects. She encouraged students to apply to the EPICS program, helped them identify community needs, and supported them in crafting proposals grounded in service‑learning principles.
Under her leadership, the students developed a functional soft robotic glove used at Clínica San Juan de Dios to help patients improve their fine-motor skills. The clinic’s therapists use the device to measure the range of motion of joints at the beginning and end of each patient’s therapy session to improve their assessments. Compared with traditional manual measurements using a goniometer, the glove significantly reduces evaluation time and enables digitally recorded data, improving clinical efficiency and decision-making.
The second project is an emotion‑recognition system for people with visual impairment. The AI‑powered wearable helps recognize a person’s emotions through real‑time facial‑expression detection and haptic feedback.
The project has resulted in the “Emotion-Aware Assistive System With Wearable Haptic Feedback for Visual Impairment” research paper, which is to be presented at the IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, to be held from 3 to 5 June in Limassol, Cyprus.
Vidal-Duarte’s mentorship extends beyond the classroom. She visits rehabilitation centers and clinics to find people with visual impairments to ensure that the technologies she is helping to develop meet their needs.
“EPICS in IEEE has moved me beyond teaching concepts to truly living engineering as a tool for human impact,” Vidal-Duarte says. “Watching students grow as they design solutions that improve lives has been both inspiring and deeply humbling.”
Throughout the development of both projects, Vidal-Duarte provided sustained technical and organizational guidance, helping students define requirements, structure work plans, and overcome challenges in prototyping, testing, and validation.
Reflecting on the broader impact of EPICS, she says the program has given her “more than methodologies and tools—it has given me perspective, purpose, and a global community that constantly challenges me to grow as a mentor and as a human being.”
Her mentorship fostered not only technical excellence but also empathy, ethical awareness, and professional maturity among her students, she says. She guided them in preparing articles for submission to IEEE conferences, interdisciplinary collaboration, and hands-on fieldwork that bridged theory and real‑world constraints.
“Her constant support, her belief in each student’s potential, and her commitment to developing leaders who make a difference define [her] as a faculty advisor,” says Valentina Chabilla, an EPICS in IEEE student team member.
The EPICS recognition reflects her passion for teaching, her dedication to the community, and her impact on projects and students. Her commitment to accessible, sustainable innovation strengthened partnerships between the university and community groups, benefiting underserved populations.
“Receiving this award is both an honor and a responsibility,” she says. “It reminds me of the real impact engineering can have on people’s lives and strengthens my commitment to guiding students in creating meaningful change.”
Her leadership continues to inspire students to view engineering not just as a discipline but also as a powerful force for inclusion, dignity, and social impact.
Advancing the mission
The Excellent Contributor Award recipients exemplify the best of EPICS in IEEE. Through their leadership, they have strengthened the bridge between engineering education and community service, inspiring students to use their skills to create sustainable, real‑world impacts.
As EPICS continues to expand its global reach, the contributions of Kakay, Shaghaghi, and Vidal-Duarte serve as powerful reminders of what is possible when educators, volunteers, and students work together to improve the lives of others through engineering.
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The cuts reportedly affect around 8% of Shopee’s developer workforce worldwide
Shopee has begun laying off hundreds of developers globally, including employees in Singapore, as the e-commerce giant restructures its workforce amid a broader industry push towards artificial intelligence (AI).
The job cuts, which began this week, will affect approximately 8% of Shopee’s developer workforce worldwide, according to a Bloomberg report.
When contacted by Vulcan Post, Shopee confirmed the layoffs, although it did not specify how many employees in Singapore were affected.
“We regularly assess our staffing needs as we continually review our business operations. From time to time, departments may make adjustments based on operational and business priorities,” a Shopee spokesperson said.
“These decisions are always made after careful consideration. For colleagues affected by any changes, Shopee is committed to providing support during this period of transition.”
The company declined to provide further comments.
Shopee’s parent company, Sea Ltd, is not unionised in Singapore. However, according to a union spokesperson, the company had informed the Creative Media and Publishing Union (CMPU) in advance about a “workforce adjustment affecting certain employees.”
“Advance notification has enabled CMPU to work closely with management to better support affected employees through this challenging period,” said the spokesperson. This includes ensuring fair compensation packages are offered.
The spokesperson added that CMPU representatives were on site during the layoff exercise to provide assistance.
No company-wide announcement, source says
According to a source who spoke to Vulcan Post, there was no official company-wide announcement regarding the layoffs.
Instead, employees realised the exercise was underway after colleagues suddenly lost access to their work accounts and began packing up their belongings.
The source added that Human Resources had scheduled individual calls with impacted employees and that the layoffs in Singapore primarily affected teams within product and engineering.
Employees affected by the exercise were reportedly offered a severance package equivalent to one month of salary for every year of service, along with an additional two months’ salary.
Shopee is ramping up its AI initiatives
The workforce reduction comes as Sea Limited, which operates both Shopee and gaming platform Garena, continues to ramp up its AI initiatives.
Earlier this year, Sea founder and CEO Forrest Li outlined ambitious growth plans for the company, stating that a trillion-dollar market capitalisation could be achievable if Sea successfully capitalises on opportunities presented by AI.
The company joins a growing list of tech firms investing heavily in AI while streamlining parts of their workforce. Rivals such as Alibaba have similarly been accelerating AI investments as competition intensifies across their core businesses.
To date, Sea has integrated AI into various parts of its operations, including product recommendation systems and seller-focused tools.
In Feb, the company announced a partnership with Google to expand AI adoption across its businesses, including the development of AI-powered shopping agents. Sea has also reportedly established dedicated teams to identify new AI investment opportunities as it seeks additional growth drivers beyond e-commerce.
Featured Image Credit: Edgar Su via Reuters
Forward-looking: Redmond is hell-bent on making printing on Windows a more modern and secure experience. A new printing framework is coming that could strip users of some choices while allegedly improving the reliability of printer management and support workflows.
Microsoft recently introduced Windows Ready Print, a new printing model designed to “evolve” the company’s previous Modern Print Platform. The core idea behind the model is to align printing devices and the Windows ecosystem with up-to-date communication standards, including Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), eSCL scanning, and Universal Print.
Microsoft’s post explained that using WRP means more than simply adopting newer printing protocols. The company is now focused on “simplifying printing, aligning modern standards, and delivering consistent, forward-looking experiences for users, IT administrators, and partners.”
WRP’s starting point is a transition away from legacy third-party drivers, a significant change Microsoft introduced earlier this year. The company later clarified the move, confirming that older printers and OEM device drivers would continue working on newer Windows releases, as they have for years.
However, more changes are coming in this WRP-focused approach. Starting in July 2026, newly installed printing devices will be managed through the Windows Ready Print framework by default. The new printing experience is already available in the latest Windows 11 Insider builds and is designed to streamline the traditionally complex process of driver management and installation.
Windows printer preferences will now include new options to customize how WRP operates. End users and system administrators will be able to enforce WRP-based print management or disable the new workflow to continue using OEM drivers. When Windows Protected Print Mode is enabled, printers will be installed exclusively through WRP, and non-compatible devices will not function.
Microsoft acknowledges that some enterprise organizations and small office/home office users are not ready to transition to WRP immediately. For this reason, the company is providing additional options to enable or disable the feature. New policies are also available in Group Policy Editor to allow or explicitly block driver selection through WRP.
Internet Printing Protocol, eSCL, and other modern standards are part of a broader effort to modernize traditional printing on Windows. Based on the Mopria Alliance industry initiative, these technologies are promoted as improving security, compatibility, and reliability in printer management across both x86 and Arm-based devices.
offbeat
Who needs fancy menus and high definition? 240-MP will play your media files like it’s 1999
I love Star Trek so much. I’ve watched most Trek series multiple times over the decades, and was shocked when, on my most recent watch of The Next Generation, I noticed something: High definition upscaling makes the show look way worse.
Old-school 4:3 CRT television screens with their low resolution hid a lot of stuff, like tape on the Enterprise set doors that hid whatever names were stenciled on them for prior episodes, which are glaringly present on modern editions of the show. I’ve always been on the lookout for a way to capture the classic Trek feeling, and one … ahem … enterprising developer has done just that.
Anthony Caccese, a principal product lead for enterprise platforms at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by day and a Raspberry Pi tinkerer by night, recently published an open-source project called 240-MP on GitHub. It’s a simple concept: Text-based menus that look like an old-school VCR interface, but with modern functionality and, most importantly, the ability to play local media files and Plex libraries on an old-school CRT TV.
240-MP runs on a Raspberry Pi, is based on the command-line media player MPV, and can play local files (either on the Pi itself, a USB drive, an external hard disk, or even a network share) or media from a Plex server, as Caccese built modules for both local and Plex-based playback. If you don’t happen to have an old CRT TV or monitor lying around, or the necessary Pi-compatible composite cable to connect your SBC to said TV, 240-MP will also work with a modern screen and an HDMI connection, too.
One note on the composite vs. HDMI option, as noted in the setup instructions: You will need to update the config.txt file to support one or the other, so have your output chosen ahead of time.
Once the system is installed, you can navigate around 240-MP with either a remote control or a keyboard, where you’ll see text menus for navigating around to different folders, choosing episodes or playlists, switching audio and subtitle tracks, looping playback, and the like. It might look like an old-school VCR interface, but with a lot more capabilities.
Caccese has only tested 240-MP on a Raspberry Pi 4B, 3B+, and 3B, noting that he’s not sure it’ll work on other devices and has no plans to test other hardware, either.
What will be coming in the future, Caccese said in an accompanying YouTube video, is modules to support other media playback software, like Jellyfin (a popular Plex alternative in light of that massive price hike), and RetroArch, a frontend for emulators designed to play old-school video games.
“Please feel free to fork this repo, update any aspects and tailor things to your own use case; that’s why the source is fully open and available,” Caccese noted on GitHub.
Now if I could only find a working CRT TV to pair with my old Raspberry Pi, I could go on a hardcore 90s nostalgia trip and feel just like I did watching VHS tapes of Star Trek episodes I recorded from the TV when I was a kid. After all, streaming high-def remasters just isn’t the same. ®
When it comes to universal pre-kindergarten, California has made significant progress — 62% of 4-year-olds were enrolled in publicly funded early childhood programs in 2024–25, up from 42% in 2019–20, according to a new Learning Policy Institute report. Transitional kindergarten (TK) alone enrolled 55% of 4-year-olds, or about 177,000 children. But access remains uneven: nearly 4 in 10 4-year-olds still aren’t enrolled, and the share of eligible children actually signing up has declined. Families may be unaware that TK is an option for their children, or they face other barriers to enrolling. This school year marks the first time every 4-year-old in California was guaranteed a TK spot.
62
Percentage of California 4-year-olds enrolled in transitional kindergarten (TK) and other publicly funded early childhood education programs, up from about 208,300 in 2019–20 to more than 264,000 in 2024–25, a 27% increase.
55
Percent of California 4-year-olds or 177,570 children enrolled in transitional kindergarten (TK) in 2024–25.
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Like most other major power tool brands, Milwaukee has gone almost entirely cordless. While there are still some corded Milwaukee tools out there, most of its modern offerings rely on battery power — even some that feel like they shouldn’t be able to run effectively without wall power. A heavy-duty tool like a hammer chisel, for example, seems like it would need to draw power from the wall. However, Milwaukee has seemingly cracked the code and is releasing the M18 Fuel Striker Hammer Chisel, which it claims is the first cordless hammer chisel ever created.
Unfortunately, getting in on this piece of tool history comes at a hefty cost. The Milwaukee Striker will have a price tag of $599.00, just for the tool itself. On top of that, customers have to pay $49.00 for the protective chisel boot and $129.97 for the five-piece chisel set to get the full experience. That’s a whopping $777.97, which has the potential to increase even more if you don’t already have an M18 battery hanging around to power it. Those aren’t cheap, either; even a smaller unit like the M18 Fuel 2.0 Ah battery will run you around $120.
With such a high price, the Milwaukee Striker is a serious tool investment that only those who really need it are likely to buy. It also needs to deliver on the performance front, given how much Milwaukee is asking for it.
The stats behind the Milwaukee Striker
The Milwaukee cordless hammer drill has a brushless motor that the company says generates 7 joules of striking force, which it claims is equivalent to the 145 PSI pressure delivered by similar pneumatic hammer chisel models. There are also three different speed modes: 0 to 2,500, 0 to 3,000 BPM, and a mode that gradually increases the speed from 0 to 3,000 BPM when users fully depress the trigger. Said trigger is a variable-speed unit to provide the user with additional speed control.
As the M18 Fuel branding indicates, this tool is compatible with the entire Milwaukee M18 battery line. Additionally, it has a battery isolation system to reduce vibration and prevent battery pack movement in use, while Milwaukee’s RedLink Plus technology combats overheating and over-discharging. An LED work light on the front improves visibility on the job. Milwaukee stands behind the tool with its standard three-year warranty. If anything goes wrong and you didn’t do any of the things that immediately void a Milwaukee warranty, the company will repair or replace the tool free of charge.
Milwaukee continues to expand its product catalog, and the Milwaukee Striker manages to take a place of prominence as the first tool of its kind. Time will tell if this world’s first cordless hammer chisel lives up to its promise or ends up as an overpriced novelty that leaves much to be desired.
Most conversations about generative artificial intelligence in schools eventually zoom in on using AI in the classroom. Before districts redesign teaching and learning around AI, they may need to answer a more fundamental question: Can schools afford an AI-first future?
The question sounds strange because generative AI is often presented as software with free and low cost tiers to individual users. Teachers open a browser window, type a prompt, and receive a response in seconds. The experience feels almost weightless and as simple as a Google search. The infrastructure behind that interaction is much more complicated.
A useful way to think about generative AI is to remember the large desktop computers that once sat in school computer labs. Students interacted with a monitor and keyboard, but much of the important work happened elsewhere inside a massive tower packed with hardware.
Today’s AI systems operate similarly, except the tower has been replaced by massive data centers located hundreds or thousands of miles away — and increasingly in some cases, just a few miles away.
Cost of Compute
An explanation is in order. How do chatbots and the hardware behind them work? Think of the chatbot prompt as the remote control. The hardware stored at the data center is the wiring within a television, and the chatbot’s output is what appears on screen as you watch and flick through channels.
Every student prompt, teacher-generated lesson plan or AI-assisted feedback comment depends on specialized processors, networking infrastructure, electricity, water, and increasingly scarce computing capacity.
Most discussions about AI in education begin after those systems are already in place. However, a growing body of research suggests schools should pay closer attention to the infrastructure itself.
Researchers studying AI adoption in education have largely focused on classroom implementation, AI literacy and governance. Stanford’s review of the evidence base for AI in K-12 education found that adoption continues to outpace rigorous evidence about educational outcomes. At the same time, UNESCO and other organizations have increasingly emphasized governance, transparency and human oversight as schools experiment with AI tools.
A separate body of research examines the infrastructure that makes those tools possible. Urban planners, computer engineers and environmental researchers have begun documenting the physical footprint of artificial intelligence. Their work points to a reality that is largely invisible to educators: generative AI is both software and hardware that requires robust infrastructure to support and scale.
Research by Xiaofan Liang, PhD on data centers describes how AI expansion increasingly shapes land use, energy systems, local planning decisions and community development. Research by Shaolei Ren, PhD on power and water demand demonstrates that large-scale AI deployment carries substantial resource requirements that extend well beyond the technology sector. Researchers and policymakers are now examining how data center growth affects electricity demand, water consumption, electrical grid capacity, and environmental sustainability.
According to estimates cited by the Congressional Research Service, U.S. data centers consumed about 176 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2023, roughly 4.4% of all U.S. electricity consumption. Using average residential electricity consumption estimates from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, that’s enough electricity to power nearly 17 million American homes for a year. The map below shows where the United States sits in the world’s energy picture and why AI’s growing appetite for power matters.
Attribution: Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado, and Max Roser (2020) – “Energy Production and Consumption” Published online at OurWorldinData.org. (archived on May 18, 2026).
Traditionally, districts purchase educational technology such as learning management systems, assessment platforms and instructional software through licensing agreements that can often be forecast years into the future. But generative AI operates differently.
Unlike traditional software, which becomes cheaper to distribute as it scales, generative AI continues generating costs each time users engage with the system. Industry observers increasingly point to what’s called “inference costs,” which are the computing resources required to generate responses. These are some of the major costs of LLMs for consumers and one of the central economic challenges facing AI companies.
For schools, how can a district plan for these costs, and what happens when the costs far exceed expectations? Put another way, it’s unclear whether generative AI is financially feasible for schools.
Many districts are currently experimenting with AI through pilot programs, limited licenses or AI features embedded within existing products. There are few examples of what universal access would actually cost.
What would it mean for every student and their teachers to have access to generative AI every day? Before we address this question, there is another cost variable to consider: data privacy.
Many educators and parents have expressed concerns about student information flowing into commercial AI systems. One response has been to advocate for private deployments, district-controlled systems or locally hosted models that offer greater oversight and protection.
Those approaches may provide stronger governance, but they also require additional investment. That makes student data privacy a matter of policy and infrastructure. The more control schools want over data, the more likely they are to encounter costs related to storage, cybersecurity, hardware, networking and technical expertise.
Understanding the Generative AI Market
Meanwhile, the broader market continues to evolve.
OpenAI, Anthropic and other major AI companies are still competing to define the commercial landscape. Product offerings change frequently. Pricing models continue to evolve. Infrastructure investments remain enormous.
The result is a technology ecosystem with long-term economics that remains uncertain at precisely the moment schools are being encouraged to integrate it more deeply into teaching and learning. This uncertainty arrives during a challenging financial period for many districts.
Federal ESSER funding has expired. States continue debating educational technology spending priorities. District leaders face growing pressure to justify technology investments while responding to staffing shortages, student mental health concerns, and academic recovery efforts post-COVID-19 school shutdowns.
Against that backdrop, AI presents a different kind of procurement question: Do districts understand the long-term commitments they may be making when AI becomes embedded in curriculum, assessment and daily operations?
There is still one more cost factor to consider: community impact around data centers. Data centers are expanding rapidly across the United States. Local governments and residents are increasingly debating the benefits and tradeoffs associated with new facilities. Questions about energy demand, water consumption, environmental exposure and land use have become common features of public meetings and planning discussions.
For educators, these debates may seem distant from classroom practice. But every discussion about AI in schools ultimately depends on the infrastructure being built in communities across the country.
Schools are currently debating how to integrate AI into teaching and learning while the infrastructure, economics and governance systems required to support large-scale adoption are still taking shape.
Before schools decide how deeply AI belongs in classrooms, they may need a clearer understanding of how much it costs and if it’s feasible to maintain the systems that make an AI-ready classroom possible.
TL;DR
MiiR is suing Tesla for copying its tumbler lid design and vertical logo. The patent was granted in 2024. MiiR wants an injunction and Tesla’s profits.
Seattle-based drinkware maker MiiR is suing Tesla for allegedly copying the lid design and overall look of its stainless steel tumbler. The lawsuit, filed May 28 in US District Court in Seattle, alleges Tesla’s On The Road Tumbler infringes a design patent covering MiiR’s tumbler lid and mimics the cylindrical shape, rounded base, and vertical logo placement of its 360 Traveler Tumbler.
MiiR accuses Tesla of choosing to “substantially copy” its design rather than “innovate and develop its own unique style.” The company says Tesla was already aware of MiiR’s products because it had previously purchased or considered purchasing them.
At the centre of the case is MiiR’s lid, described in the patent as a “solid, saucer-shaped circular lid” whose circumference sits perpendicular to the sides of the container. The US Patent and Trademark Office granted the patent in February 2024. MiiR argues an ordinary observer would be deceived into thinking the two lids are the same or substantially similar.
MiiR also takes issue with Tesla’s logo placement. MiiR has used a distinctive vertical orientation of its etched brand name on drinkware since at least 2011. It says Tesla copied that same orientation on its tumbler rather than developing its own visual identity for the product.
The products are similar in size and price. MiiR’s 16-ounce 360 Traveler sells for $34 in eight colours. Tesla’s 14-ounce version is listed at $32 in three colours. Tesla sells the tumbler through its online shop and retail locations as part of a broader lifestyle merchandise line that includes apparel and accessories.
MiiR, founded in 2010, has won design awards from the Industrial Designers Society of America and donates a percentage of revenue from every product to environmental and community causes. It operates a production and warehouse facility in Marysville, Washington, north of Seattle. The company is represented by K&L Gates.
MiiR is seeking a permanent injunction to stop Tesla from selling the tumbler, damages, an accounting of Tesla’s profits from the product, and attorney fees. It is also asking the court to find that Tesla’s infringement was willful, which could result in enhanced damages. A separate claim under the Washington Consumer Protection Act alleges Tesla misled consumers into believing the tumbler was affiliated with or approved by MiiR.
Tesla has not publicly responded to the lawsuit. It is not the first time the company has faced intellectual property disputes over its product designs.
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