Educational tech giant Instructure has confirmed that data was stolen in a cyberattack, with the ShinyHunters extortion gang claiming responsibility.
Instructure is a U.S.-based education technology company best known for developing Canvas, a widely used learning management system that helps schools, universities, and organizations manage coursework, assignments, and online learning.
On Friday, Instructure disclosed that it suffered a cybersecurity incident and is working with third-party cybersecurity experts and law enforcement to investigate it.
On Saturday, the company issued an update stating that the personal information of users was exposed in the breach.
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“While we continue actively investigating, thus far, indications are that the information involved consists of certain identifying information of users at affected institutions, such as names, email addresses, and student ID numbers, as well as messages among users,” reads the updated statement.
“At this time, we have found no evidence that passwords, dates of birth, government identifiers, or financial information were involved. If that changes, we will notify any impacted institutions.”
As part of the response, Instructure has deployed patches, increased monitoring, and rotated application keys as a precautionary step.
Customers are required to re-authorize access to Instructure’s API for new application keys to be issued.
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While Instructure has not responded to BleepingComputer’s questions about when the breach occurred and whether they were being extorted, the ShinyHunters extortion gang has now listed the company on its data leak site.
“Nearly 9,000 schools worldwide affected. 275 million individuals data ranging from students, teachers, and other staff containing PII,” reads the data leak site.
“Several billions of private messages among students and teachers and students and other students involved, containing personal conversations and other PII. Your Salesforce instance was also breached and a lot more other data is involved.”
Instructure listed on ShinyHunters data extortion site
ShinyHunters claimed that the data was stolen from Instructure via a vulnerability in their systems, which has now been patched.
This data allegedly consists of over 240 million records tied to students, teachers, and staff. The threat actor says the data contains students’ names, email addresses, enrolled courses, and private messages to teachers.
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Data shared by the threat actor indicates that the alleged dataset spans almost 15,000 institutions hosted across multiple geographic regions, including North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.
BleepingComputer has not been able to independently confirm which schools or how many individuals were impacted and has contacted Instructure with additional questions about the threat actor’s claims.
AI chained four zero-days into one exploit that bypassed both renderer and OS sandboxes. A wave of new exploits is coming.
At the Autonomous Validation Summit (May 12 & 14), see how autonomous, context-rich validation finds what’s exploitable, proves controls hold, and closes the remediation loop.
Audeze has spent the past few years proving that planar magnetic headphones are not just for audiophiles listening alone in dark rooms, questioning cable choices. The California brand made two very smart pivots with its driver technology: gaming headsets and studio headphones. The Maxwell became one of the most successful premium wireless gaming headsets on the market, and the newer Maxwell 2 has already pushed that platform further with SLAM technology, upgraded wireless performance, and stronger spatial/bass performance.
The studio side has been just as important. Audeze’s Manny Marroquin Signature Series gave the company a credible way into the professional headphone market, taking aim at established studio staples from Beyerdynamic, Sony, and Sennheiser. The MM-500 set the tone, the more affordable MM-100 expanded the audience, and now the new $1,799 Audeze MM-520 arrives as the next step in that lineup. Audeze says the MM-520 builds on the MM-500 foundation while adding its SLAM technology, designed to improve bass accuracy, low-frequency impact, and spatial detail without giving up the midrange neutrality that made the MM-500 useful as a mixing tool.
Manny Marroquin wearing Audeze MM-520 Headphones in the studio.
Developed with 18-time Grammy-winning mix engineer Manny Marroquin, the MM-520 is being positioned as a professional studio headphone for creators who need mixes to translate beyond the control room. That is the entire fight here. Audeze is not just chasing headphone collectors with another planar trophy piece.
It is trying to make its studio models legitimate daily tools for engineers, producers, and creators who have spent decades trusting German and Japanese studio cans. The MM-520 will have to earn that space, but based on the MM-Series track record, Audeze is no longer knocking politely. It has a badge, a warrant, and a very expensive pair of earcups.
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“The MM-520 represents the latest entry in our mission to provide creators and professionals with the ultimate monitoring tool” stated Sankar Thiagasamudram, Audeze CEO. “By adding SLAM™ technology to Manny’s signature series, we’ve created a headphone that delivers even more truth in the low-end while maintaining the signature clarity Audeze is known for“, he added.
Audeze MM-520: SLAM Technology, 90mm Planar Drivers, and Studio-Focused Design
The Audeze MM-520 builds on the MM-Series platform with the addition of Symmetric Linear Acoustic Modulator, or SLAM, technology. Audeze says SLAM is designed to improve bass performance and spatial imaging by managing airflow and pressure inside the earcup. The goal is stronger low-frequency definition and better spatial clarity without moving away from the more neutral midrange balance that defined the MM-500.
The MM-520 uses 90mm planar magnetic drivers with Ultra-Thin Uniforce diaphragms and Fazor phase management, technologies Audeze has used across its planar magnetic headphones to reduce distortion and improve phase behavior. For studio users, the focus is accuracy, low distortion, and consistency during mixing, mastering, and content creation. Audeze also claims the headphone’s high sensitivity and low impedance allow it to be driven from consoles, audio interfaces, and laptops, which should make it more practical for both studio and mobile work.
Comfort has also been addressed with upgraded memory foam earpads designed for longer sessions. The earpads attach magnetically, making replacement easier over time. For a studio headphone, that matters. Pads wear out, sessions run long, and nobody wants a maintenance project between takes.
Why the Audeze MM-500 Became a Serious Studio Headphone Contender
The original Audeze MM-500 was not just a smaller variation of the LCD Series with Manny Marroquin’s name attached. It was designed as a professional studio headphone, with a more durable aluminum and steel build, a hard travel case, and tuning aimed at mixing and mastering rather than audiophile system matching. In our review, we found that the MM-500 belonged in the same conversation as the LCD-X ($1,199), LCD-MX4 ($2,995), and even the flagship LCD-5, but with a very different purpose.
The MM-500 used Audeze’s 90mm planar magnetic driver with Fluxor magnets and a Uniforce diaphragm, and its 18-ohm impedance and 100dB/mW sensitivity made it easier to drive than some of the company’s more demanding models. Sonically, it delivered excellent midrange clarity, strong resolution, very good imaging, and a more neutral balance than the LCD-X, although its bass was more controlled than visceral. We also noted that it responded well to EQ, which matters for studio users making small mix decisions.
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The tradeoffs were real. The MM-500 could sound somewhat thinner than Audeze’s higher-end models, the smaller pad opening could bother listeners with larger ears, and it performed best with a capable high-current amplifier rather than modest portable gear. Still, the conclusion was very positive: for users who needed a serious mastering headphone with excellent build quality, strong accuracy, and studio-focused tuning, the MM-500 was one of the best values in Audeze’s lineup.
The Audeze MM-520 is a focused evolution of the MM-500, built for studio users rather than casual listening. Its most important upgrade is SLAM technology, which Audeze says improves bass performance and spatial imaging while preserving the MM-Series’ neutral midrange balance.
With 18-ohm impedance and 102dB sensitivity, the MM-520 should be easier to drive from interfaces, consoles, and laptops than many planar designs. However, the 100mW minimum power recommendation still suggests better gear will matter.
Potential buyers should note the 555 gram weight and open-back design. This is not ideal for tracking near microphones, travel, or noisy rooms. It is for mixing, mastering, production, and creators who want Audeze planar accuracy with more low-end insight and spatial detail than the MM-500.
When Russia kicked off its war of aggression against neighboring Ukraine for completely made up reasons, there were global efforts to isolate Russia as a result. Many of those efforts have waned in the years since, unfortunately. You may recall that there was a small effort among video game companies and platforms to deny sales and service to Russia as part of this cultural blockade. While the war still rages on, and anyone who wants to can call all of this effort a failure, the point is that gaming companies and platforms took something of a moral stand against Russia as a result of the war.
Valve’s Steam platform was involved in that effort, though that may have had as much to do with payment processing sanctions as any kind of moral stand. Today, Valve is back to operating in Russia, and it appears to have no issues with some of the country’s more notoriously bigoted laws and postures when it comes to LGBTQ+ rights. Recently, the maker and seller of several visual novel style games found her games delisted and a message from Valve chastising her for not following Russia’s bigoted laws.
Ebi-hime, the developer behind yuri visual novels like Her Love, Like Poison and Rituals in the Dark, posted on X that Valve notified her that some of her games had been banned from the storefront in Russia after Roskomnadzor, the Russian federal agency in charge of censorship in the country, determined those projects to be in violation of the country’s rules for distribution. That in and of itself isn’t surprising considering Russia has woven anti-queer legislation into its laws and even designated queer activism as an “extremist” movement. What is surprising is that Valve’s copy-pasted message on the situation is condescending and victim-blamey. It reads in part:
We also want to remind you that you promised Valve under the Steam Distribution Agreement that your games comply with all applicable laws. Therefore, it is your responsibility to do your due diligence regarding where your games are allowed to be distributed, and to inform us of any territory where they cannot be.
Now, if you want to make the herculean effort it requires to take Valve’s side on this, you could argue that operating within a country like Russia necessarily requires an adherence to its local laws. And perhaps you want to argue that that’s all that Valve is doing here.
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Except operating within Russia is a choice. Platforms are only neutral to a point. And if you make the use cases more extreme, it betrays just how much of a choice this all is.
Imagine if a country required all video games sold within its borders to prohibit any female characters within the game from speaking. Or one which prohibited any person of color from appearing in a game at all. Or one which required all characters to both be of a certain religion and to profess their faith in that religion. Would Valve still operate within any of those countries? If they did, you would imagine the backlash to be rather extreme.
But, for some reason, Russia essentially outlawing the appearance of any LGBTQ+ characters in games doesn’t quite get Valve’s fur up. Is the morality around my examples and this real occurrence all that different? Are they any different?
And, frankly, couldn’t Valve have done this better than sending what is likely a boilerplate message to someone who is actively being discriminated against that sure sounds like its blaming the victim?
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Not that I would expect Valve to take a proper stance against something like the Russian government. I just think that if you’re going to take the stance of compliance that it is taking, you can at least be mindful of how you talk to people using your platform about it. If you don’t want to buy Ebi-hime’s games on Steam, they are also available on itch.io.
Obviously, we don’t look to the monied interests of large corporations for moral clarity. But we can certainly hold them accountable for failing to take even the easiest of moral stances with our dollars, if we want to.
Lacking an enterprise content layer for Headless 360, CRM titan went shopping
Salesforce’s planned acquisition of Contentful should give its Headless 360 product – which CEO Marc Benioff gushed about during earnings last week – a much-needed shot in the arm, an analyst told The Register.
Headless 360 takes the Salesforce logic and data layers and presents them inside other applications the user might be operating, such as WhatsApp, Slack, ChatGPT, or Claude. During the call last week, Benioff said it had seen rapid adoption, including a fivefold increase in usage among customers at Anthropic.
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But it came with limitations.
“It lacked the enterprise-grade content layer to drive the customer facing digital experiences,” Forrester principal analyst Chuck Gahun told The Register. “Enterprise customers that wanted to build a marketing website around product listing and detail pages (powered by Salesforce B2B and B2C commerce), ended up relying on different software vendors. Now, Agentforce agents can query customer data, assemble and deliver content driven digital experiences that are dynamic.”
It is also another step to move users off of the Salesforce UI, while preserving its unique data and functions. Gahun said that the headless strategy transitions Salesforce’s place in the enterprise from a keeper of CRM records and customer data into a system of action where APIs and MCP server calls are able to produce results for business users.
“Contentful was one of the strongest headless CMS vendors, with an API-first founding architectural principle. All content management and delivery platform capabilities were accessible via high-fidelity APIs, including an app framework to build, package and distribute frontend and backend apps that are customizable,” Gahun told The Register.
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Salesforce has been on a buying spree with the purchases of Convergence AI, Bluebirds, Regrello, Informatica, Qualified, Cimulate, and Momentum, all announced or closed within the last year.
President and chief operating and financial officer Robin Washington told analysts in September that Salesforce has no plans to slow down M&A.
“If we see other things out there that make sense, we’re going to buy them,” she said.
Gahun has been covering Contentful as a content management system for nearly four years. He said with Salesforce adding Contentful as the digital experience layer on top and with Informatica’s customer and enterprise data, it has the potential to unlock better digital and customer experiences for Salesforce.
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“As digital content begins driving context for agents and answer engines, Salesforce now has a unique seat at that business logic table: powered by context, content, and data – flowing through its next gen enterprise agentic SaaS platform,” he said.
The acquisition of Contentful is expected to close later this year, subject to regulatory conditions.
Salesforce has not publicly disclosed the purchase price of Contentful. A spokesperson told The Register that it had no comment beyond its statement when asked for more information about the deal. In its statement, Salesforce said Contentful is trusted by 4,800 customers worldwide and gives users a single content layer across email, mobile and web for any use case.
“Together, Agentforce and Contentful will move enterprises from static, channel-specific content to dynamic content orchestration – assembling 1:1 experiences at scale based on context, channel, language, and business rules,” Salesforce said. ®
A bipartisan group of UK politicians is sounding the alarm over the country’s partnership with the data analytics company Palantir.
In a report published Tuesday, the 11 members of Parliament’s Science, Innovation, and Technology Committee warned that the country’s ballooning reliance on Palantir’s technology “represents an unacceptable point of weakness” that could hand the company overwhelming bargaining power in future negotiations.
“We know that with vendor lock-in, over time, we’ll get more expensive and worse services,” Dame Chi Onwurah, chair of the committee and member of Parliament, tells WIRED. “It’s a trap that has to be avoided.”
In a worst-case scenario, a deeply entrenched supplier could threaten to withhold service as a way of imposing its will, Onwurah believes. “That could bring public services and our economy to a halt,” she says. “That’s a huge risk.”
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Though the committee says that its objections to Palantir are not ideologically motivated, the report also describes a “clear mismatch with UK values.” It points to politically charged comments by Palantir cofounder Peter Thiel—who in 2023 described the British public’s affection for the NHS as “Stockholm syndrome”—and a 22-point manifesto based on a recent book by CEO Alex Karp, which advocates for an overriding fealty to the US and its interests.
“We have a key vendor saying they will exercise technology in accordance with their political mission,” Onwurah says. “If what the UK is trying to do in our NHS or our defense does not align with Palantir’s political objectives, we clearly can’t depend upon them as a supplier.”
To minimize the risks, the committee recommended that the National Health Service, one of Palantir’s primary partners in the UK, activates a clause in its contract next February that would terminate the relationship early.
The UK government began to use Palantir’s technology in 2020 as it scrambled to map the spread of the Covid-19 virus and route medical equipment across the country. Since then, Palantir and its partners have won contracts worth a combined $750 million with the NHS and the Ministry of Defense, among others. The company has touted its ability to enable “innovation and fast-paced problem solving” in the UK public sector.
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The report outlines similar dependencies on US-based cloud providers Microsoft and Amazon Web Services, and Fujitsu, the Japanese company at the center of the Post Office Horizon scandal. But “Palantir concerns us most,” the committee wrote.
Palantir did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The relationship has attracted increased scrutiny of late over the company’s work with US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), as well as the US and Israeli militaries. The manifesto based on Karp’s book further inflamed concerns about the company’s politics.
“They’re not a company that should be anywhere near British public services,” says Donald Campbell, director of advocacy at Foxglove, a nonprofit that has previously campaigned for the NHS to back out of its contract with Palantir. “Do you want to be giving a company of this kind—with these openly expressed opinions and ideologies—a central role in the UK state that it may get harder and harder to remove them from?”
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Appearing before the committee in July last year, Louis Mosley, who heads up Palantir’s European business, distanced the company from Thiel’s comments about the NHS. Palantir’s objective is to “support democratically elected governments in delivering the mandate that they have been elected to deliver,” he said. “We represent a diversity of political views and do not take political positions as a company.”
With little fanfare, US President Donald Trump may have signed one of the most important executive orders in his second term at the White House. With the “Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security” EO, the US government is finally putting its finger on the scale of AI development, more or less demanding that AI companies provide it with access to their Frontier Models for a period of 30 days before their public release.
Since no national US regulations currently exist for AI and much of the oversight is being left to a hodgepodge of mostly in-process state-level regulation, this is the first whiff of broad-based control.
While most of the major AI companies, including Meta, OpenAI, and Anthropic, appear to support the order, they also appear caught off guard by the casual signing and have yet to weigh in.
“One of the quotes I find most inspiring on a hard day: ‘Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might, for in the realm of the dead, where you are going, there is neither working nor planning nor knowledge nor wisdom’ Ecclesiastes 9:10”
That may or may not be a commentary on Trump’s order, but one could fairly wonder whether there’s a hint of concern there, and in other AI halls, about White House meddling in the course of AI.
one of the quotes i find most inspiring on a hard day:”Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might, for in the realm of the dead, where you are going, there is neither working nor planning nor knowledge nor wisdom”Ecclesiastes 9:10June 2, 2026
With new models coming out almost monthly and regular reports that China is closing the gap between Western models and its own model work, there are concerns that a delay to allow the US Department of War, the NSA, and other US Government trusted partners to examine these models could slow down OpenAI, Anthropic, and others, and result in them and the US falling behind this crucial race.
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Anthropic, which is not exactly the US Government’s favorite AI purveyor, may have sparked this move to, if not control, manage the scale and growth of AI when it released its potential cybersecurity-breaking Mythos model, which could find hidden vulnerabilities in almost any vintage software.
Ostensibly, this is the kind of risk the US Government will be looking for: any threat to cybersecurity or infrastructure. But the order doesn’t really specify how these agencies will carry out their work, and, to be honest, I do wonder whether the Trump administration will be digging around for other “issues.”
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Where have I seen this before?
It’s highly unusual for commercial software to run through a government agency for vetting unless, say, you’re in China, which demands access to all technology developed within its borders. It’s one of the reasons the US Government was never comfortable with the Chinese company ByteDance developing the TikTok algorithm.
One has to wonder if global partners will soon be looking sideways at Frontier Model work subsequently provided by Anthropic, Meta, OpenAI, Microsoft, and other US-based companies.
Who’s to say the US government won’t look for Frontier model responses that go against the US government party line on various policies? Could they also look for DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion) principles and demand they be scrubbed from Frontier models before they’re released?
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The problem here is that this is an executive order coming from a White House that has made no bones about where it stands on a range of social issues. When people talk to their AI chatbots, they often discuss personal issues that could concern topics that run afoul of the White House’s current policies and stances.
It would be better if regulation came from a bipartisan or third-party independent space, one with no stance on police beyond general principles of common good and fairness.
But because the US government cannot agree on anything, that’s not going to happen.
The White House happily steps into this gap and is now in a position to regulate virtually every major model released within US shores. It might be helpful, but it could also be a recipe for disaster on many levels.
I’ve been reviewing robot vacuum cleaners since Ecovacs Robotics brought its first Deebot to Australia about a decade ago. So I like to think that I’ve learnt a few things about what to look for when buying one — knowledge that I’ve used to curate the best robot vacuums in Australia right now.
The manufacturers don’t make it easy, do they? They make every spec sheet sound glowing, but you get what you pay for, especially when it comes to robot vacuums. It’s understandable that you’d want an affordable model, and there are plenty that make sacrifices to keep costs down — you just need to be able to understand what those sacrifices mean for your personal use case.
In the same vein, you don’t have to spend thousands on a robovac, although you will get the top-of-the-line models at premium prices that offer plenty of smart features. Some of those, like agentic voice assistants and Matter connectivity, aren’t really necessary, but you might want pet-specific features that cheaper models won’t have. But not all expensive models are reliable cleaners.
So, what’s a good robot vacuum to buy then? I’ve taken a look at the dozens of robovac discounts on Amazon‘s Mid-Year Sale and picked four at different price points even though they all do pretty much the same thing — vacuum, mop, and clean themselves. Without a discount, they’re all on the expensive side, but the offers make each of them a good-value proposition for different reasons.
I picked the above robot vacuums based on my own or a colleague’s experience of either trying the exact model or a related one that’s very similar. When we test robovacs here at TechRadar, we look at specific things like cleaning prowess, battery life, dock performance and much more.
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Allow me to break it down into easier terms for you here, so you can choose the best automated cleaning machine yourself from my four picks or any other model you might have been eyeing.
1. Suction power It’s in the name — a robovac’s primary function is to vacuum, and for that it needs good suction power. Gone are the days when 6,000Pa was considered class leading. Now it’s upwards of 20,000Pa. Now, while the higher suction power is a good thing, a robovac’s cleaning prowess is also dependent on the airflow inside the bot to ensure it’s able to suck up even fine particles and push them through into the onboard bin. If you have carpets, definitely look for high suction specs, but hard floors will be cleaned easily with less.
(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)
2. Mopping Practically every robovac available today can mop as well, so you’re paying for the feature anyway, but how well they’re able to do so varies. Older models barely wet the floor, but newer models allow you to set a water-flow rate to suit your floor type. Some models that use circular mop pads can apply a little scrubbing motion and a tiny amount of downward pressure to tackle some stains, but I’ve found that roller mops perform better. However, robovacs with rollers are the premium kind, although models like the Roborock Saros 10 listed above can mop really well with its pads. Just make sure you pick one that can extend both pads outward for edge cleaning.
3. Robot height & threshold clearance Most bots have a little puck on the top that houses their navigation tech and, sometimes, a camera. This can prevent the droid from rolling under some low-lying furniture, which means you may have areas being left uncleaned. If you do have low furniture, pick a model with no puck or a retracting puck, but these are premium options. Similarly, you’ll want a bot that can clear at least a 3cm threshold or you’ll need to move it manually if it gets stuck somewhere. Again, premium models can now do well over 4cm.
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(Image credit: Future)
4. Dock performance You definitely want to make sure the mops on the bot are cleaned thoroughly after each mopping session, and then dried as well. This prevents germ growth and odour build up. Now, every all-in-one model has a dock uses warm water and air to do so, but the more effective cleaners use hot water and warm air for the same task. I’m yet to meet a dock that isn’t too loud when sucking out dirt into the dust bag, though — I’d love that.
5. Navigation & obstacle avoidance This is very important, of course. If the tech can’t ensure the bot can circumnavigate around socks, shoes, toys or anything else on the floor, what’s the point? So ensure you find a model with good software that allows it to travel a path that’s both effective and efficient. You also want one that doesn’t keep going around in circles, cleaning the same spot multiple times.
6. Battery life This really shouldn’t be an issue with most robovacs available today as most will offer a decent runtime, but you definitely want to pick one that can clean for at least 20-30 minutes at higher settings. Sadly manufacturers only list the maximum runtime based on the lowest settings, so take it with a pinch of salt as real-world use will never get you upwards of 100 minutes as some spec sheets claim.
7. Other features to consider You want to make sure the mops can extend for edge cleaning, while a side brush will typically take care of the vacuuming part. Note, however, that most robot vacuums, no matter how expensive, can miss corners. If you have pets, there are premium models that now offer pet-poo avoidance features and higher suction power to suck up fur and dander. Even for just the family, you definitely want a bot that uses an anti-tangle central bar brush. Smart features, like voice control or Matter connectivity, are nice but unnecessary for the average user. And while some robovacs can double up as a security bot, allowing you to keep an eye on your home via its onboard camera, there are security risks with this feature — another one that’s nice to have but not necessary.
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8. Never pay full price If there’s one home appliance you should never pay RRP for it’s robot vacuums. They’re frequently discounted, which means you can pick up a really good one at a better price.
Looking for the most recent regular Connections answers? Click here for today’s Connections hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Wordle and Strands puzzles.
I have a complaint about the yellow group in today’s Connections: Sports Edition puzzle: How can a word be a synonym for itself? That will make sense once you play today’s game. If you’re struggling with the puzzle but still want to solve it, read on for hints and the answers.
Connections: Sports Edition is published by The Athletic, the subscription-based sports journalism site owned by The Times. It doesn’t appear in the NYT Games app, but it does in The Athletic’s own app. Or you can play it for free online.
Hints for today’s Connections: Sports Edition groups
Here are four hints for the groupings in today’s Connections: Sports Edition puzzle, ranked from the easiest yellow group to the tough (and sometimes bizarre) purple group.
Yellow group hint: Helps to be tall.
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Green group hint: They’re used to winning.
Blue group hint: Hoops players.
Purple group hint: Clues relating to one player.
Answers for today’s Connections: Sports Edition groups
Yellow group: Dunking synonyms.
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Green group: Teams with 5+ NBA titles.
Blue group: Nicknames of players in the NBA finals.
[Chris Doble] has high ambitions: he’s making his own scanning-electron microscope, and as the first step he’s built a high-vacuum system. This required its own controller to manage the various electronics involved in the system, which he’s documented and open-sourced.
The vacuum system itself starts with a rotary-vane roughing pump, which can bring a chamber down from atmospheric pressure to about 10-3 millibar. This is still too high a pressure, so the second stage is a turbomolecular high-vacuum pump, which can operate from 18 millibar down to 10-7 millibar. To protect the turbomolecular pump in case the roughing pump suddenly stops, it includes an anti-suckback valve. Connected to these pumps is a pressure gauge which uses a pair of sensors to sense the entire pressure range. All this setup worked well, but the turbomolecular pump and the pressure sensor each used their own interfaces, while [Chris] wanted a single interface for the eventual microscope.
[Chris] therefore designed his own controller based on the Raspberry Pi Pico 2, with firmware written in Rust. The pressure gauge uses an RS-232 interface, which he connected to the Pico’s UART pins using an RS-232 level shifter, with a null modem to swap over the transmitting and receiving pins. The turbomolecular pump used an RS-485 interface, which required a converter circuit and some level-shifting resistors. A custom PCB and 3D-printed case hold the final circuit, which provides a host computer with a single USB interface. When [Chris] tested the controller, the vacuum chamber reached a pressure of 10-6 millibar, and was still slowly falling when he ended the test.
Understanding where your deleted files actually go
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When you delete a file, it does not disappear immediately. It sits in a kind of digital purgatory, existing in fragments on your drive before being permanently wiped to free up space.
If a hacker encrypted or erased your data, you could theoretically reach back in and pull those files out before they vanish for good. The problem is that modern SSDs, which power most laptops and computers today, manage this space carelessly.
When the drive needs space, it clears deleted data based purely on efficiency, with no awareness of how recently files were removed. Files deleted during a ransomware attack could get wiped first, while old junk files from weeks ago survive.
How your SSD can be turned into a cybersecurity tool
The system works by sequencing deleted data by age, so the oldest deleted files go first, and the most recently deleted files stay protected for as long as possible. It also extends the window for recovering deleted data to up to 126 days, improving data protection by at least 60% with minimal impact on drive speed.
Since the storage drive operates independently from your operating system, it can keep protecting your data even after hackers have taken full control of your software. The research is now in active discussions with industry partners about bringing the technology to market.
Proton Mail has introduced a new way for Gmail users to switch to its hosted email service. The company is making it easier for people to leave Gmail by adding an option to send and receive emails using a Gmail address directly within Proton Mail. Proton argues that users should… Read Entire Article Source link
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