Discussions around data sovereignty have taken centre stage in the EU in recent years.
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is launching its ‘Sovereign Secure Cloud’ offering in Europe, as the region tries to tighten its reigns on data and privacy.
TCS’ new launch is designed specifically for governments, public sector enterprises and regulated industries, the company said. It combines sovereign cloud architecture with AI capabilities to enable sovereignty across data, operations and digital infrastructure.
The new offerings are expected to help European organisations be digitally autonomous and enhance security. Sovereign Secure Cloud is launching in Europe today (26 May), following successful rollouts in India in 2025, as well as Kenya, East Africa and the Philippines.
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According to the company, which operates a global delivery centre in Letterkenny, Co Donegal, the new offering comprises of national sovereign cloud layers, that enable country-specific localisation while bringing operations under a unified control plane.
“European organisations are looking to strike a balance between addressing supply chain and sovereignty risks while ensuring leverage of frontier technologies to be globally competitive,” said Sapthagiri Chapalapalli, TCS’ head of Europe.
Data sovereignty has taken centre stage in the EU in recent years after growing geopolitical tensions stemming from the US, as well as Big Tech corporations, who are increasingly found to be non-compliant with the bloc’s laws.
Last year, France and Germany announced a joint taskforce on digital sovereignty, aiming for a more competitive and sovereign Europe.
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TCS, meanwhile, is also introducing the a new framework in the EU to help organisations become a “minimum viable sovereign enterprise” by helping find a balance between control and flexibility.
TCS generated more than $30bn in revenue during its 2025 fiscal year. The company operates 58 offices across Europe. Last year, it announced plans to cut 12,000 jobs over the course of the year.
Varonis announced an integration with the Claude Compliance API, bringing Claude Enterprise and Claude Platform activity into Varonis’ Atlas AI Security Platform.
Organizations across industries rely on Claude Enterprise for day-to-day knowledge work and analysis, and Claude Platform to build, deploy, and operate applications, tools, and AI agents. Varonis Atlas provides the visibility and oversight that enterprises need to adopt AI with confidence.
The Compliance API integration deepens Varonis’ support for Claude, enabling security and governance teams to monitor usage, investigate misuse across full sessions, and assess AI-related risk with data context.
Experience how Varonis Atlas finds AI risk, fixes exposure, and stops dangerous AI behavior before it becomes a breach.
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Request a free trial with full access to Atlas’ AI inventory, posture management, security testing, runtime guardrails, and compliance reporting functionality.
Extending visibility and oversight to Claude Enterprise
Claude Enterprise is used across departments, including legal, engineering, marketing, finance, and support for everything from analyzing documents and summarizing research to drafting content and generating code.
Varonis Atlas monitors Claude Enterprise usage, detects potential misuse and threats, and helps ensure compliance.
Continuous AI Monitoring: Continuously monitor conversation content, including chats, uploaded files, and projects for centralized investigations and oversight.
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AI Detection and Response: Detect sensitive data exposure, jailbreak attempts, and suspicious prompt patterns as they occur across a session — not as standalone events.
Session-level investigations: View complete Claude chat sessions in chronological order to understand activity, intent, and misuse in full context.
Supporting secure development on Claude Platform
Claude Platform embeds Claude into custom applications, products, and agents — powering AI-driven features such as assistants, workflows, and internal tools.
Varonis Atlas provides visibility into admin, configuration, and resource activity.
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AI Observability: Visibility into audit and admin events from Claude Platform stored for investigation.
Real-Time Alerts: Surface risky behavior tied to policy violations and session activity as it happens.
Proactive AI Pen Testing: Stress-test assistants and agents for vulnerabilities such as prompt injection and jailbreaks.
In addition, Varonis Atlas can stress-test assistants and agents for vulnerabilities such as prompt injection and jailbreaks.
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Secure AI and the data that powers it
Varonis Atlas connects AI activity to the underlying data, including permissions, sensitivity, classification, and access. Security teams understand not just what AI systems exist, but what data they can reach and whether that access is safe.
Complete Data Context. Atlas is built on the Varonis Data Security Platform, combining AI security with deep data context — sensitivity, permissions, and access activity. Organizations can discover AI risk, remediate exposures proactively, enforce guardrails, and manage governance at scale.
Complete Coverage. Atlas is designed to cover any AI system you build or run, including hosted AI platforms, custom LLMs, chatbots, MCP, and every major agentic framework.
Complete Lifecycle. Atlas secures AI across the entire lifecycle, from posture management and security testing to runtime protection and governance.
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Varonis Atlas is available today. Watch the demo or, with a free trial, get full access to Atlas’ AI inventory, posture management, security testing, runtime guardrails, and compliance reporting functionality.
Bank of America just gave Apple one of Wall Street’s most aggressive price targets yet after betting that AI could become the company’s next major growth engine, rather than just another iPhone feature.
The firm raised its Apple price target to $380 from $330 on Tuesday, arguing that “agentic AI” could become a major long-term revenue driver for the company. Bank of America believes Wall Street continues to underestimate Apple’s AI revenue potential across its ecosystem.
Bank of America had previously trimmed its Apple target to $320 in March 2026 over concerns tied to staggered iPhone launch timing and shifting revenue seasonality. The firm maintained a Buy rating at the time and continued to argue AI would remain a major long-term growth driver for Apple.
Bank of America analyst Wamsi Mohan kept a Buy rating on Apple stock and laid out a bullish case for the company’s AI strategy. The note argued Apple could generate far more revenue from AI services than investors currently expect.
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The note also pointed to Apple’s slower rollout of Apple Intelligence features relative to rivals. Bank of America expects Apple to generate between $15 billion and $30 billion in AI-related revenue between its own offerings and App Store commissions by fiscal 2030 under its base-case assumptions.
Bank of America tied that outlook to the rise of “agentic AI,” a term used for AI systems that can complete tasks more autonomously across apps and services.
Wall Street’s Apple AI narrative is changing
Some analysts are starting to view Apple’s AI business differently. Earlier Wall Street discussions around Apple Intelligence focused on Siri delays, staggered feature rollouts, and concerns that Apple had fallen behind rivals in generative AI.
Morgan Stanley has taken a more aggressive view on Apple stock in recent months. The firm raised its Apple price target to $315 in December 2025 and pointed to long-term growth opportunities tied to AI, Services, and the strength of Apple’s ecosystem.
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Apple has focused its AI strategy on private, on-device processing and tighter integration across the iPhone, iPad, and Mac. The company has also argued that its control over hardware and software gives it an advantage as AI tools gain deeper access to personal data, apps, and payment systems.
Apple is betting long-term on Apple Intelligence
Bank of America’s revised outlook centers on that broader ecosystem strategy. The note reportedly focused less on Apple leading the race to build large language models and more on the company turning AI into a services and ecosystem layer across its devices.
Through that lens, Apple’s AI strategy becomes less about standalone chatbot features and more about long-term platform growth.
Apple stock has traded on steady iPhone demand, Services growth, and aggressive share buybacks. Bank of America’s new $380 price target suggests the firm sees AI becoming a more meaningful long-term driver of Apple’s valuation.
The company hasn’t publicly detailed long-term revenue expectations tied to Apple Intelligence or future Siri capabilities. Apple is expected to discuss additional AI features during WWDC in June 2026.
At the end of every quarter, marketing leaders are asked some version of the same question: what actually drove growth?
It should be easier to answer by now. Teams have more data than ever, better analytics, and increasingly sophisticated AI. And yet, most leaders still hesitate before responding, or fall back on directional answers they don’t fully trust.
In fact, 78% of marketers still struggle with attribution, which tells you something important hasn’t changed.
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That’s because the issue isn’t measurement. Most organizations can explain what happened, but turning insight into action while it still matters remains a challenge.
That gap between insight and action is what I think of as the customer decision gap.
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More data hasn’t changed the outcome
Marketing teams have invested heavily in understanding performance – and still, the outcomes don’t match the investment. Dashboards update in real time. Attribution models attempt to connect the dots across channels. AI helps surface patterns that would have been impossible to spot manually just a few years ago.
And still, the outcomes are underwhelming.
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Customer acquisition costs continue to climb. Experiences often feel disjointed. Growth is harder to sustain, even for brands that are doing “all the right things” on paper.
When you step back, the reason becomes clearer. Most marketing organizations are still structured around campaigns, channels, and reporting cycles. Those systems are useful for explaining what already happened, but they aren’t designed to guide what should happen next.
So teams end up optimizing toward what’s easy to measure instead of what actually moves the business forward. They generate insights, but those insights don’t consistently translate into better decisions.
Data creates potential value. What matters is whether you turn it into action.
Where the gap shows up
The customer side of this is easy to recognize because we all experience it.
You buy something online and get a promotion for the same product the next day. You browse once and get retargeted for weeks, even after you’ve clearly moved on. You switch from an app to a store or a support channel and have to start from scratch, as if the company has no memory of you.
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None of these moments happen because there isn’t enough data. In most cases, the signals are already there. What’s missing is the ability to act on them in a coordinated, timely way.
Part of the challenge is fragmentation. Customer data still lives across ecommerce platforms, email marketing platforms, loyalty systems, and service environments, each with its own version of the customer. Even when organizations invest in unifying that data, they often stop at creating a better view.
A unified profile is important, but it doesn’t solve the problem on its own. The real test is whether that understanding changes what happens next. Can a team use it to make a better decision in the moment? In many cases, the answer is still no.
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Why AI isn’t fixing it
There’s been a lot of hope that AI tools would close this gap. In reality, it’s exposed it.
Many teams have layered AI on top of environments where data is still incomplete, delayed, or inconsistent. When that happens, AI doesn’t improve decision-making. It accelerates whatever is already happening, for better or worse.
If the underlying data is fragmented, the outputs will be too. If the context is missing, the recommendations won’t land. And when those decisions are wrong, they don’t just stay small, they scale quickly.
That’s why many AI initiatives struggle to deliver meaningful business impact. The models themselves aren’t the issue. It’s the lack of a reliable, shared understanding of the customer and a way to act on that understanding in real time.
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Shifting from measurement to decisioning
What’s needed is a shift in how marketing actually operates. Instead of focusing primarily on measuring performance after the fact, teams need to get better at making and executing decisions as things are happening.
It means moving beyond optimizing individual campaigns or channels and thinking about the full customer experience. It means being able to adjust in real time rather than relying on predefined journeys that assume customers will behave in predictable ways.
For example, if a customer shows signs of churn, the right response isn’t a scheduled campaign that goes out next week. It’s an immediate adjustment in how that customer is treated across channels. If someone has just made a high-value purchase, the next interaction should reflect that, whether it happens in email, on the website, or through customer support.
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In other words, decisions need to be continuous and connected, not episodic.
This is what an outside-in model looks like. Instead of organizing around internal timelines and processes, you organize around what the customer is doing and what they need in that moment.
What this requires from organizations
Making that shift isn’t just a marketing exercise. It changes how teams work together.
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Marketing, data, and technology can’t operate in parallel tracks. They need a shared foundation and a shared understanding of the customer that stays current as new signals come in. Just as importantly, they need the ability to act on that information without having to move it between systems first.
It also changes how performance is evaluated. When you can connect decisions directly to outcomes, you get a clearer picture of what’s actually driving growth. You start to see not just which campaigns performed well, but which actions improved retention, increased lifetime value, or reduced churn.
The organizations getting this right tend to treat customer intelligence as something that’s always evolving. They focus on keeping data connected and current, and on making it usable in the moments where decisions are made.
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Closing the gap
Closing the customer decision gap is quickly becoming the core challenge for marketing leaders.
It’s no longer enough to understand your customers or to report on performance. The expectation is that you can translate that understanding into action, consistently and in real time.
That’s what closes the gap between what you know and what you can actually do.
And over time, it’s what separates brands that simply collect data from those that turn it into consistent, measurable growth.
This article was produced as part of TechRadar Pro Perspectives, our channel to feature the best and brightest minds in the technology industry today.
The views expressed here are those of the author and are not necessarily those of TechRadarPro or Future plc. If you are interested in contributing find out more here: https://www.techradar.com/pro/perspectives-how-to-submit
I’ve been using GoPro’s Mission 1 Pro action camera for a few weeks now. I’m not quite ready to slap a final verdict on it, but I’ve definitely learned a few things that are worth knowing if you’re considering buying one. I’ve tested a range of features, from the new slow-motion mode to shooting 50 megapixel stills, and it’s impressed in some ways — and left me wanting more in others.
But I’m not yet ready to give it a review score. The reason being that I’ve had a very early sample with unfinished software that isn’t representative of how it might work if you went and bought one. My first model even had a pre-production lens, which was changed on the second unit I received. So while there are some things I’ve been able to test, it’s not fair to the camera to base my review off what I’ve seen so far.
But here’s what I can tell you.
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How much is the Mission 1 Pro?
The Mission 1 Pro is on sale now for $700. Then there’s the base Mission 1, which has the same large sensor and new processor of the Pro model but lacks the slow-motion skills. It costs $500. At the top of the range is the Mission 1 Pro ILS, which has the same specs as the model I’ve been testing but uses an interchangeable micro four thirds lens mount — a first for any GoPro.
The ILS model — due out later in the year — will also cost you $700. It’s the model I’m most excited about, but I’ll get into that later.
Taken in DNG raw and adjusted in Lightroom, the wide-angle lens of the camera allowed me to capture a lot in one shot.
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Andrew Lanxon/CNET
Why is the Mission 1 Pro exciting?
The Mission 1 Pro’s got a new GP3 image processor and a larger 1-inch sensor. GoPro says it offers better dynamic range and low-light performance. More importantly, it offers an astonishing 960fps frame rate for slow-motion video and 8K open-gate recording, meaning it captures footage using the entire sensor.
Those are potent specs from a device that still fits in the palm of your hand and is fully waterproof, even without a dive case.
Is the Mission 1 Pro slow motion good?
On paper, very. It can shoot at an astonishing 960 frames per second, which is the sort of speed you’d normally only get from dedicated slow-motion cameras. But there are caveats. First, it’ll only capture this footage at full HD, so if you’re working on a 4K or 8K project, you’ll need to upscale that footage and you could potentially lose quality as a result.
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The camera cage, grip and shutter button add a lot of bulk to the camera, but they do make it much more ergonomic when you’re out and about shooting away.
Andrew Lanxon/CNET
It also only shoots in short bursts of 10 seconds at a time, so you’ll need to get your timing right if you want an epic shot; you can’t simply leave it running for minutes and hope you get the shot. But I don’t think that’s a problem. It’s important to keep in mind that slowing 10 seconds of 960fps footage to a 30fps timeline results in roughly five minutes of slow-motion video.
My preferred slow motion is shooting at 240fps, which the camera can achieve at 4K resolution and in its Log color profile for better color grading in post production. That 240fps frame rate still offers an impressive 8x slow-motion effect when played back at 30fps and goes well beyond what even my professional Canon R5 or Blackmagic Cinema Camera 6K Pro can achieve.
What is the general Mission 1 Pro video quality like?
Here’s where I can’t really answer with any certainty. The footage I’ve shot so far has been hit and miss. I’ve found the auto white balance to be a bit unreliable, often producing slightly unnatural colors and forcing me instead to shoot using manual white balance — which, to be honest, I would probably want to do anyway to ensure consistent colors in a shot.
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I also sometimes found the image processing went a bit too far in brightening shadows and saturating the color, resulting in more of an HDR look than I would have wanted. It’s why I’d rather shoot my footage mostly using in the 10-bit Log profile, which gives me more flexibility for adjusting my footage in post production.
I heavily edited this still image, taken in DNG raw. Apart from adjusting the white balance, as the auto settings looked very cool and magenta, I also brought the highlights down a touch. The footage looks good, although the wide lens’s fixed focus means I’m not quite sharp, as the focal plane is optimized more toward infinity.
Andrew Lanxon/CNET
Overall, image quality seems solid, though not noticeably better than the already excellent Hero 13 Pro it replaces. The biggest upgrades in this model appear to be aimed at those who want more advanced slow-mo capabilities.
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That said, it’s important to remember that I’ve installed at least four firmware updates during my testing and only received the final production hardware a few days ago. I haven’t yet had the chance to re-test it in a wide range of scenarios. It’s certainly off to a good start, but whether it does enough to justify an upgrade from the previous model remains to be seen once I’ve spent more time shooting in both daylight and low-light conditions.
How about still images?
They’re fine, at least based on my tests so far. The super-wide angle lens means that fine details aren’t great, but if you’re into capturing those huge, sweeping vistas on your travels, then it’ll be fantastic. It shoots in DNG raw and my advice is to use it: Having manual control over the colors has been critical for me, as has the ability to pull back shadow and highlight detail in Adobe Lightroom.
This straight-out-camera photo, taken in JPEG with manual white balance, isn’t bad but I think it looked too over-processed, with shadows that have been artificially brightened too much, resulting in an HDR-style image.
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Andrew Lanxon/CNET
By editing my DNG raw file, I was able to keep the shadows at a more realistic level, thereby maintaining the darker vibe I was going for. I love how the wide-angle lens allowed me to use these leaves as a natural frame for the waterfall.
Andrew Lanxon/CNET
What about battery life?
Again, it’s impossible to say with certainty at this point as the software updates will certainly play a big part in how energy efficient the camera is. However, the battery life from the new Enduro 2 battery already seems solid. Even after a long day out shooting footage on the levada walks on the stunning island of Madeira, I still got back to my lodgings with plenty of battery to spare.
What new accessories are there for the Mission 1 Pro?
There’s a new camera cage that comes with a detachable grip and a sort of shutter button that fits into the cold shoe slot. While it makes the usually very small camera a lot bigger, it also makes it easier to hold and operate more like a regular compact digital camera.
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The new Enduro 2 battery should offer enough juice for a day of mixed shooting.
Andrew Lanxon/CNET
GoPro has also announced a set of wireless microphones which will natively work with the cameras without the need for external receivers — much like DJI does with its mics and Osmo cameras. I haven’t tried these yet, but for content creators and vloggers these will likely be a must buy.
What about the interchangeable lens Mission 1 Pro ILS?
This is the model I’m most excited about. While the specs on paper for the Mission 1 Pro are awesome — especially when it comes to slow motion — I’m generally not a fan of the super-wide angle, fixed-focus look achieved by “traditional” action cameras like this. Sure, they’re great if you want a big field of view when strapping one to your head and hurling yourself down a mountain on a bike, but GoPro cameras have never challenged traditional filmmaking.
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But strap on a high quality micro four thirds lens from the likes of Panasonic, Olympus or Voigtlander and now you’ve got a proper setup capable of high-speed shooting at a range of focal lengths, adjustable focus and shallow depth of fields for cinematic bokeh –all from a camera body small enough to slip into your jacket pocket.
I’m genuinely excited about spending some real time with the Mission 1 Pro ILS and seeing whether GoPro can truly play in a more professional cinematography arena.
There’s still a screen on the front to help you frame up those selfies.
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Andrew Lanxon/CNET
Should you buy the GoPro Mission 1 Pro?
I’m still in the early days of testing but I can say a few things with certainty. The 960fps slow-motion mode is an amazing headline, but its application is arguably quite niche. I struggled to even find things to shoot and was only really happy with a brief clip of a pigeon flapping its wings. Think hard about whether that sort of slow motion is really important to you, especially considering its limitations.
Beyond the slow-mo skills, the overall quality that I’ve seen so far isn’t leaps and bounds beyond what the company offers from its Hero 13 camera. So if you already have a recent GoPro and mostly use it to shoot at 4K at a standard 24, 30 or 60fps, then I don’t think you’ll see much benefit. But for those of you upgrading from a much older model — such as the Hero 7 — you’ll certainly see the boost in quality.
The real excitement will come when the ILS model arrives and we’re able to pair that larger image sensor and slow-motion skills with a professional-standard lens. Stay tuned for that.
After the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) began operations in 2022, it soon made a tantalizing discovery in the form of mysterious red dots: small, red-tinted astronomical objects of unknown origin and composition. So far well over 300 of such little red dots (LRDs) have been identified, with many theories on what they are. Fortunately the Chandra X-ray Observatory recently added some more clues as detailed in an accompanying paper.
Current theories include them being a form of primordial galaxy, or a supermassive black holes embedded in a dense gas cloud. The LRD discussed in the paper with the designation 3DHST-AEGIS-12014 was found to emit X-rays unlike other LRDs. By comparing the data between JWST and Chandra for this LRD it lends credence to the theory that these LRDs are a transitional phase as a supermassive black hole ingests the material of said gas cloud.
X-rays produced during this can sometimes make it out of the gas cloud, after which we can observe it. If that’s the case, these LRDs should cease to exist the moment the black hole has consumed enough of the cloud, which is something that we may be able to find evidence for if we’re lucky.
Microsoft is testing a new Defender for Endpoint capability that will automatically isolate compromised endpoints to thwart attackers’ attempts to move laterally across the network.
This is now available in preview mode and works as part of automatic attack disruption, a feature designed to contain attacks, limit their impact, and provide security teams with more remediation time.
Compromised endpoints that are automatically isolated are disconnected from the network to reduce the risk of further impact, but they retain connectivity to the Microsoft Defender for Endpoint service, which will continue to monitor the device.
“When a device in your organization is suspected to be compromised, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint can automatically isolate the device as part of automatic attack disruption,” Microsoft said.
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“Automatic isolation helps reduce the risk of further impact on the organization, limit attacker lateral movement, and prevent impacts such as data exfiltration and ransomware propagation.”
Automatic device isolation works only on onboarded end-user workstations managed by Microsoft Defender for Endpoint.
As Microsoft explained, they can also be released from containment at any time by security operators after completing the incident investigation and mitigating the risks.
To release a device from automatic isolation, select the device from the “Device inventory” or open the device page and select “Release from isolation” from the action menu.
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Defender for Endpoint automatic device isolation (Microsoft)
Nearly four years ago, in June 2022, Microsoft also announced that admins could manually contain compromised, unmanaged Windows devices by cutting off incoming and outgoing communication with onboarded Defender for Endpoint endpoints.
Microsoft also began testing device isolation support for Defender for Endpoint on onboarded Linux devices in January 2023, with the capability reaching general availability in October 2023.
The same month, it revealed that Defender for Endpoint could also isolate compromised user accounts as part of automatic attack disruption to block lateral movement in hands-on-keyboard ransomware attacks.
More recently, Microsoft began testing another new feature for the Defender for Endpoint enterprise endpoint security platform that automatically blocks traffic to and from undiscovered Windows endpoints, preventing attackers from breaching other non-compromised devices on the network.
Earlier this month, it revealed another Defender for Endpoint preview feature that will allow admins to schedule antivirus scans on onboarded Linux systems using the Microsoft Defender portal, mdatp managed JSON configuration, or the mdatp command-line tool.
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“Scheduled scans support daily quick scans, interval-based quick scans, and weekly full scans, with options for low-priority execution, idle-time scheduling, and randomized start times,” it said.
Automated pentesting tools deliver real value, but they were built to answer one question: can an attacker move through the network? They were not built to test whether your controls block threats, your detection rules fire, or your cloud configs hold.
This guide covers the 6 surfaces you actually need to validate.
Data breach notification service Have I Been Pwned says a data breach at convenience store chain 7-Eleven affects over 185,000 people, including their names, dates of birth, and physical addresses.
The data breach, reported in April, also included phone numbers and email addresses.
Have I Been Pwned, which collects caches of data breaches and alerts affected individuals that their data was compromised, said in a new listing that 7-Eleven was the victim of a hack-and-extortion attack. The ShinyHunters group took credit for the breach, saying they would publish the data if they weren’t paid.
Per a listing with Maine’s attorney general’s office, 7-Eleven chief information security officer Jim Kastle said the hackers gained access to an internal server containing franchisee documents. A separate listing with Massachusetts’ attorney general said the breach also included Social Security numbers and driver’s licenses.
The average person works 80,000 hours over the course of their career. Ideally, that time should be fulfilling, well-paid, and spent doing things that make the world a better place.
Of course that’s much, much easier said than done. In an increasingly fragile job market made still more fraught by AI, there’s no longer such a thing as a safe bet.
According to Benjamin Todd, most people lack a systematic approach to thinking about their career choice. Todd is the co-founder and president of 80,000 Hours, a nonprofit dedicated to helping people move into careers focused on tackling the “world’s most pressing problems” — issues that include AI safety, biosecurity, global health, and animal welfare. 80,000 Hours uses the effective altruismframework of importance, neglectedness (how many resources are devoted to the problem), and tractability (or solvability) to decide which causes to prioritize.
In his new book 80,000 Hours: How to Have a Fulfilling Career That Does Good, which was released this week, Todd pulls together more than a decade of research and advising into a guide for making career decisions. It’s aimed at people just starting out as well as more experienced workers looking to make a switch, providing a framework to make career choices.
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I spoke with Todd about careers and skill sets that are more resistant or adaptable to AI job disruptions, why “going with your gut” (usually) isn’t good advice, tips for landing a high-impact job offer, and other topics.
Our conversation below has been lightly edited for length and clarity.
There’s a lot of anxiety around advances in AI and job displacement, how that affects people’s job prospects and how they should think about career choices.
Yeah, I feel like when I talk to people about their careers these days, that’s the main thing that’s on their mind. … I think a lot of the simple answers about which jobs will be best [in the age of AI] are too simple.
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How have the last few years — thinking about AI but also other disruptions and changes to the job market — changed your core assumptions about how people should choose their careers?
The main thing that comes to mind is we seem to be getting more and more evidence that far more capable AI will be here soon.
Then I think that just has a lot of implications for which problems are most pressing, and then potentially also which skills are most valuable. If there’s going to be a lot of change and things will be more unpredictable 10 years from now, then it makes sense to focus on shorter-term plans than to spend 10 years training to do something. Starting medical school now seems a lot more risky than it would have been 10 or 20 years ago.
When you say AI is coming and going to change things, are you talking about artificial general intelligence (AGI) specifically?
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I mean there’s multiple levels. I think [where the technology is now], if it just froze here, would be kind of similar to the internet and how important it was. But the big-picture thing that seems most important is the idea that you could get to some kind of AI that can do a lot of remote work jobs at roughly a human level. That seems like it could bring the economy and science into a significantly different regime.
I’m probably a bit more skeptical than most technologists of mass near-term unemployment from AI, though I also think that most economists are still underrating how big a deal it could eventually be.
You mention in the book that managing AI agents is a skill less likely to be replaced by AI. Why is that?
I talk about four things that could make skills become more valuable in the future given technology and automation. And the second one is complementarity to AI. So it’s not that AI won’t be able to do that, it’s that it’s a skill where as AI gets better, that skill becomes more valuable. Because if AI is more useful and being used to do more things, and you can make it like 1 percent or 10 percent more efficient, then the value of that additional efficiency increases as AI becomes more useful.
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Right now, AI is pretty bad at these messy, nebulous, long-horizon things where you need to coordinate between lots of people and decision-makers. I think in an intermediate future there will be a lot of the more routine work tasks that are being done by AI agents, but then there’s human managers who are needed to stitch them together.
That seems to me like that might be a very lucrative job, but that might not add up to a lot of jobs.
That comes down to how much more stuff can get done in total. And those people would be way more productive than people have been in the past, because everyone is running a team of 10 AIs. So we would want many more people doing that type of thing.
One way to think about it is that a lot of things that in the past would have been too expensive to do would become economically feasible because now you don’t need a team of 30 people to start this new nonprofit. You can do it with a team of three people and a bunch of AI. So then a lot of people could start new projects and you just get a lot more total things being done with [the aid of] AI rather than, “Oh, we have to do the same stuff as before, but with only 10 percent as many people employed.”
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I think that’s maybe good for people at a mid- or senior level in their career, but it could make things harder for more entry-level people.
I think that’s a little bit too early to say. So there is some research that finds that skilled human managers are also better at managing AI agents, and there’s a kind of correlation in that skill set. There is research about the most junior software engineers, [that finds] their jobs are down 20 percent. But in some ways young people are just much more adaptable to new technology, and I find a lot of college students seem to be significantly more sophisticated at using AI.
So in some ways, and because it’s changing so fast as well, young people might be better placed to learn how to use these tools faster and adapt as they keep changing. I’m a bit less confident it’s going to be bad for the younger workers.
That’s interesting because I’ve seen quite a lot of headlines and quite a lot of anxiety from younger people around their job prospects.
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I think it’s very understandable to be anxious because they’re facing far more change to the job market than any recent generation has had to face. No one really knows exactly how it’s going to shake out. I would say one point for optimism is in theory it will mean that many projects are possible that weren’t possible before. That does also open up a lot of extra opportunities for young people who I think in some ways are better placed to take on these more risky and novel things because they’re less set in their ways.
“I would say one point for optimism is in theory it will mean that many projects are possible that weren’t possible before.”
Because better or worse, AI is a force multiplier.
Totally. We were talking about this skill [at managing AI agents] being lucrative. It would also be applicable to a lot of social problems as well.
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What does effective altruism get right about career choice — and wrong?
I think most people just aren’t thinking enough about the impact of their career at all, and they actually have this amazing opportunity to at a minimum save people’s lives and maybe do a lot more by helping prevent the next pandemic or being one of the only people working on AI risks.
When people are thinking about choosing a career, that should really be one of the first things they say: “The world’s facing massive problems. You could do something about them. Wouldn’t that be fulfilling and interesting? Why not do it?”
But people within effective altruism can think too much about their impact. I think people naturally compare themselves to others, but then people who get into effective altruism will tend to compare themselves based on impact. That’s better than comparing it based on how many yachts you have, but there’s still always someone who has more impact than you, and it’s easy for people to have this sense they’re not doing enough. They can potentially go into careers where they think there’s an intellectual case for being really impactful, but it’s not actually a good day-to-day lifestyle for them and they can end up getting pretty demoralized several years down the line. Those are some of the more common pitfalls.
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I think you make a very compelling case that when people go with their gut, when they try to make career choices based on intuition, they aren’t always very good at that. You recommend a more systematic approach to thinking this through. Do you think people usually benefit from an outside observer acting as a sounding board?
I do encourage people to work through a systematic approach, especially when it comes to assessing personal fit. A lot of the advice is really about getting out of your head. I think oftentimes the most useful thing people can do is just apply to lots of positions and see what they get.
Often the best way to assess your fit is to speak to someone who has experience hiring in [that] area, they’re the people who’ve done the most assessing of who is going to succeed in a path.
In general, getting an outside perspective is super useful. That’s part of one of the big benefits of the one-on-one advice we offer on the 80,000 Hours website. … You can not consider enough options or factors, so getting an outside perspective is one of the best ways to help broaden your frame and make sure you haven’t missed something.
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The key is to have a mixture of a more systematic approach and not do something your gut is actively worried about without understanding the reasons. There’s lots of research that shows that guts are bad at stock picking or predicting which person is going to succeed in some 10-year career path. But your gut is really good at things like, “Do I trust this person?” because that’s what we’ve evolved to be really good at guessing, and it’s something you have had a decent amount of practice about over your life. So if your gut is worried about a path, that might be picking up on something that actually you’re not excited about. The advice I give is don’t go with your gut, but do check with it. So I also wouldn’t say to totally ignore your gut either.
I think some people will chafe at the idea that some career paths are far more impactful than others. What would you say to more skeptical readers? People who would be reluctant or unable to retrain?
In the introduction, I mention this study where people were surveyed on how much they thought different charities more effectively save lives than others. They thought the best charity would be about 50 percent more effective than an average one at saving lives. Our intuitions are very bad at grasping big differences in scale. … When you ask experts in global health, they say there’s a hundred times difference between the most effective charity and the average for saving lives. It seems like no one knows about these differences even though it’s a huge deal. It means you could work for 10 years on a path and then retire and do whatever you most enjoy for the remaining 30 years and still achieve what would have taken hundreds of years working in one of the less effective charities.
I would actually advocate that people keep working rather than retire, but because there’s these huge differences in impact, it actually means it should be possible to find something that is both better for you personally and more impactful for the world.
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There is a chapter in the book about what you can do that’s the most impactful thing without changing jobs if you’re already in a career. I talk about donating 10 percent of your income [to effective charities], political advocacy, and even just “slacktivism.” When most people do that they just tweet into their echo chamber … but if you’re talking about something that actually is a huge deal that no one knows about, [it can be effective.]
Another example I use is if you can help someone else find a really impactful job, then that has just as much impact as doing the job yourself. … I talk about being a multiplier.
How can people realistically transition into higher-impact careers, especially if those paths come with greater uncertainty in the age of AI?
It depends a lot where someone is starting from. … There’s more and more fellowships that are designed to help people transition [into higher-impact careers] quickly. You did the Horizon Institute for Public Service fellowship, which I would say is in this genre.
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For more experienced people, if you’re an accountant or something like that, lots of organizations need people doing operations and accounting so they might sometimes hire people from outside the field pretty quickly. If that doesn’t work, it’s more of a case of thinking over one or two years, asking, “How can I best position myself to get one of these jobs?”
For that, you could look at the list of skill sets in the guide and think about whether you could learn any of these skills. There’s also a chapter on types of jobs that are really good for gaining skills quickly. One example is working at smaller, rapidly growing organizations, because you can advance faster and those roles tend to be more generalist. That type of generalist skill set is really useful in a lot of social impact organizations, and it means you can do things with AI earlier and get stuff done using those tools. Whereas if you go to a larger organization instead where the work tends to be more routine, that’s closer to something that AI is going to be able to do sooner.
What advice do you have for people with financial constraints that require them to secure a role right away, even if it may not be the highest impact or greatest fit?
I see impact as one important factor, but your own well-being matters too. You might also have dependents as well. Ultimately, you have to make your list of options and then choose the one that’s best given your goals. If money is a priority for you right now, then I think you should focus on that. There’s no shame in it.
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I also talk about the idea of having a plan Z, [if your plan A and B don’t work out] that on some level you’re okay with. If you can’t do that, then you should focus on getting yourself into a stronger position first. Maybe you need to focus more on things like building skills or saving money which will mean you can take bigger risks later.
There’s this axiom that the best time to get a job is when you have a job, so you have more leverage or experience. How true do you think that is?
What most helps in getting a job is doing something as close as possible to the actual work. Obviously being in a job already is a very good way to demonstrate that you can do the work. But people who don’t have jobs already can often find ways to do that, like a portfolio project.
I talk about the “pre-interview” project, where you come to the interview with a specific proposal [to the company you’re applying] for how you would help them with some challenge the organization is facing … most jobseekers don’t have that level of understanding of a position. So you’re already standing out just by having thought about it.
Spotify is expanding its offerings with a pretty wide selection of narrated long-form magazine articles from several publications that are most likely already familiar to you. The audio streaming service has announced that it’s adding over 650 long-form articles to its audiobook library. While all the pieces it added are in the English language only, they will be available in all of Spotify’s regions where audiobooks are available.
The articles included in this rollout include pieces from Rolling Stone, The Atlantic, Vogue, Variety, Billboard, Vibe, GQ, WIRED, Vanity Fair and Pitchfork. Spotify has teamed up with more publications, but as you can see, the curated collection offers articles on topics subscribers are most likely interested in, namely music and technology. “With Articles, we’re introducing long-form journalism in audio as a natural extension of the music, podcasts, and audiobooks people already come to Spotify for, focused on topics we know they love,” said Colleen Prendergast, Licensing Lead at Spotify Audiobooks. Prendergast also said that by offering subscribers shorter formats to listen to, the hope is for them to interact more with books, particularly the audiobooks in Spotify’s library, over time.
Each narrated article Spotify has released is under two hours long, and subscribers can listen to them against their audiobooks listening time. A Spotify Premium subscription includes 15 hours of audiobook listening time a month. Voracious readers can purchase top-ups, however, such as the Audiobooks+ monthly add-on with higher listening time limits. They can also just purchase individual articles to listen to for $2 each.
The company said in its announcement that the narrated articles it released were produced in-house by the Spotify Audiobooks team. We’ve asked Spotify for clarification whether that means the narrations were done by human talents or generated using AI, and we’ll update this post when we hear back.
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Spotify announced several generative AI-focused updates during the company’s investor day last week. One of the features it’s launching next month in the US will allow users to generate personal podcasts directly within Spotify by drawing from the user’s profile and any file they upload, including PDFs and URLs. It’s also launching “Prompted Playlists” for audiobooks, which can create playlists based on user’s prompts describing what they want to hear more of and their listening history.
The war over forever chemicals in cookware has seen celebrity chefs, major cookware makers, and state legislatures enter into battle. Now, a new front has opened over advertising claims.
Cookware company Caraway is alleging that “Big Cookware” is using a lawsuit to try to “silence” the company, which rose to prominence making forever-chemical-free pans. Caraway recently launched a marketing campaign in response to a lawsuit filed in February by two large pan makers, which claims that Caraway is harming their reputation by marketing its products as free of “toxic” chemicals—despite never mentioning either company by name.
The lawsuit, filed by Groupe SEB USA and Meyer in the Southern District of New York, claims that Caraway’s marketing around forever chemicals, a colloquial term for per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), is harmful to the industry as a whole. Caraway’s marketing materials, the two companies say in the suit, is not grounded in scientific fact and “has caused immense and continuing harm to consumers, to Plaintiffs, and to other cookware and bakeware companies in the marketplace.”
In response to questions from WIRED, Carmine Zarlenga, a lawyer at Mayer Brown representing Groupe SEB USA and Meyer in the case, sent over a press release. “Claiming to be a smaller company is no defense to false advertising—all companies large and small have the same rights and obligations under federal and state false advertising laws,” Zarlenga said in the release.
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The lawsuit is the latest attack on anti-PFAS advocacy by two of the largest companies in the global cookware industry. In 2024, as more than two dozen state legislatures weighed bans on consumer products with PFAS in them, Groupe SEB, the parent company of Groupe SEB USA, and Meyer formed the Cookware Sustainability Alliance, an advocacy group for the industry. That group has actively opposed bans, including signing letters and testifying in statehouses.
Last fall, facing a bill in the California legislature to ban consumer products containing PFAS, celebrity chefs, including Rachael Ray, Marcus Samuelsson, and David Chang sent letters to the legislature opposing the bill. (Ray and Chang have cookware lines affiliated with Meyer, while Samuelsson serves as a “chef partner” for All-Clad, which is owned by Groupe SEB. WIRED sought comment from All Clad, Ray, Samuelsson, and Chang. All four did not respond.) The bill ultimately passed the legislature but was vetoed by Governor Gavin Newsom.
“The Cookware Sustainability Alliance focuses on state-level advocacy to protect perfectly safe cookware from being swept into overly broad PFAS product bans,” the group’s president, Steve Burns, told WIRED in an email. “We are not a party to any lawsuit at this point.”
Last year, the Cookware Sustainability Alliance challenged claims made by Caraway through the National Advertising Division (NAD), an independent nonprofit that is often linked with the Better Business Bureau National Programs that self-polices the ad industry. The alliance challenged some of the claims in Caraway’s advertising around PFAS.
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The NAD ruled that Caraway could continue to advertise its products as “nontoxic” and “PFAS-free,” but it should avoid specific claims in its advertising, including that other nonstick cookware “can release toxins into your food and home during ordinary, manufacturer-recommended use.”
Caraway, the February lawsuit alleges, continued to use that messaging despite the NAD decision. The company says that most examples of advertising highlighted in the lawsuit simply state that its products are nontoxic and that it fully complied with the NAD’s recommendations. But the suit also claims that Caraway “has not taken down many of the relevant advertisements.” In a memo to support a dismissal motion, Caraway alleged the NAD did not provide “any factual support whatsoever to the element of consumer deception.”
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