Crypto World
Empery Digital shareholder demands sale of 4,000+ BTC, resignations
A major shareholder in Empery Digital has urged the company to abandon its Bitcoin-focused strategy, sell its digital asset holdings, and return the proceeds to investors, while calling for the resignation of the CEO and the entire board. In a letter dated February 23, 2026, Tice P. Brown, who owns about 9.8% of Empery Digital’s outstanding shares, argued that management has insulated itself at holders’ expense and pushed for a governance reset to unlock shareholder value. Brown’s appeal arrives as the company faces questions about whether its Bitcoin-centric approach remains viable amid a tighter funding environment and shifting volatility in crypto markets.
Brown’s leverage escalated just days after he disclosed that Empery Digital privately approached him on February 18 with an offer to repurchase all of his shares at a price equal to 100% of their market net asset value (mNAV), a premium he described as sizable relative to prevailing valuations. He rejected the proposal, saying it appeared designed to preserve management’s positions rather than to return capital to shareholders. The disclosure underscores a broader tension between insiders who favor propping up the company’s strategy and dissident investors seeking a more liquid, investor-friendly outcome.
Brown has been vocally critical of Empery Digital’s capital allocation decisions, governance posture, and its buyback strategy, arguing for a pivot away from a Bitcoin-centric model. In his view, the company should reposition toward liquidity, diversification, and a clearer path to capital returns for holders. Empery Digital has publicly pushed back, asserting that Brown’s characterization of events is distorted and that management remains open to arrangements that align with the long-term interests of the company and its shareholders.
The tensions come as Empery Digital, formerly known as Volcon, restructures its identity around a Bitcoin-focused corporate treasury. The company began its pivot in mid-2025 with the aim of becoming a Bitcoin aggregator, amassing a sizable position in the cryptocurrency. As of the latest disclosures, Empery Digital holds 4,081 BTC, placing it among the top 25 publicly traded Bitcoin holders globally. That concentration has become a focal point for critics who question whether a treasury strategy anchored to a volatile asset class can sustain long-term shareholder value, especially when market conditions compress valuations across the sector.
Analysts and observers have noted that digital asset treasuries have faced renewed pressure as crypto prices retrace and equity valuations across the sector compress. Standard Chartered recently warned that the sustainability of many crypto-treasury models depends on maintaining a premium valuation relative to the underlying Bitcoin holdings, a premium that has proved increasingly difficult to defend in current markets. The dynamic raises questions about whether Empery Digital’s current structure can weather declines in Bitcoin’s price, while still delivering meaningful upside to investors if market sentiment improves.
Meanwhile, the market context for crypto treasuries remains nuanced. On one hand, Bitcoin remains a focal point for investors seeking on-chain exposure within corporate balance sheets. On the other, the performance and governance of firms with large digital-asset holdings are scrutinized more closely, given concerns about liquidity, transparency, and the ability to liquidate assets without triggering adverse price moves. The public discourse around Empery Digital’s strategy reflects a broader debate about the role of crypto-treasury functions within traditional corporate structures and the potential need for governance safeguards to protect minority holders during periods of volatility.
Empery Digital’s Bitcoin gambit could be upended
The dispute highlights growing tensions around Empery Digital’s business model, which now centers on holding Bitcoin as its principal asset rather than pursuing a diversified corporate portfolio. The company’s strategic direction—pursuing a Bitcoin-centered treasury that aspires to function as a Bitcoin aggregator—has drawn both curiosity and criticism. If Brown’s push gains traction and the board yields to investor demands, a liquidation or partial divestment of the BTC holding could dramatically reframe the company’s value proposition and alter investor expectations about future returns.
Empery Digital’s origin story adds another layer to the narrative. It began life as Volcon, a maker of electric off-road vehicles and related equipment, before pivoting to a crypto-centric treasury strategy in 2025. The shift represents a broader trend in which corporate treasuries allocate to digital assets as a hedge or growth engine, a move that has attracted both interest and regulatory scrutiny. The transformation also places Empery Digital at the center of conversations about governance, capital allocation, and the sustainability of asset-backed valuations in the crypto era.
Brown’s stance, backed by his 9.8% stake, has already prompted public statements from Empery Digital. The company contends that Brown “continues to misrepresent and distort the facts,” arguing that any repurchase discussions were solely driven by a desire to act in the best interests of all shareholders. The public exchange signals a potential turning point for Empery Digital, as management seeks to defend a strategy that has become highly scrutinized in a market where liquidity and asset valuations can swing rapidly. This back-and-forth underscores the challenges faced by crypto-treasury businesses when governance decisions intersect with market cycles and investor sentiment.
Beyond Empery Digital’s shores, the broader crypto market has watched closely. Bitcoin’s price dynamics have influenced how investors evaluate crypto treasuries, with some market participants arguing that pure BTC accumulation strategies may need to be complemented by liquidity options, hedging mechanisms, or revenue-generating activities to weather downturns. As the sector collectively reassesses the economics of digital-asset holdings in corporate portfolios, Empery Digital’s situation could serve as a barometer for how governance disputes, minority shareholder rights, and strategic pivots are resolved in real time.
The discord also touches on the question of whether a company can sustain a premium to its net asset value (NAV) when its core asset—the cryptocurrency—suffers price fluctuations. If the market reassesses the premium to NAV or doubts the ability to liquidate Bitcoin holdings efficiently without impacting prices, investors may demand more transparent pathways to value realization. In that context, Empery Digital’s leadership transition discussions and potential strategic recalibration become critical signals for the market around risk, governance, and the alignment of incentives between management and shareholders.
As the story unfolds, market observers will be watching for three key developments: the board’s response to Brown’s letter and any concrete governance changes, the outcome of any discussions about liquidating or reallocating the BTC holdings, and how Empery Digital communicates its strategic considerations to investors going forward. The stakes extend beyond a single shareholder dispute; they touch on how crypto-treasury strategies are evaluated, priced, and regulated within traditional capital markets. The unfolding narrative will likely influence how other publicly traded entities with cryptocurrency holdings approach governance, disclosures, and capital-allocation decisions in an environment characterized by ongoing scrutiny and evolving market dynamics.
What to watch next
- Public response from Empery Digital’s board and any formal governance votes or resolutions related to Brown’s requests.
- Updates on the company’s BTC holdings, including any implications for liquidity, NAV, and potential sale or diversification plans.
- forthcoming statements or filings detailing the timeline of any share repurchase discussions or revised capital-allocation strategies.
- Market reaction to governance developments and any subsequent price or volatility shifts in the company’s shares or BTC exposure.
Sources & verification
- Shareholder letter from Tice P. Brown to Empery Digital’s board (Feb 23, 2026) as published in GlobeNewswire.
- Empery Digital’s statement addressing Brown’s characterization (as referenced in FT Markets reporting on Feb 24, 2026).
- StreetInsider coverage of the shareholder push for CEO and board resignations.
- BitcoinTreasuries.NET page documenting Empery Digital’s BTC holdings (Volcon Inc) and its ranking among public holders.
Empery Digital’s Bitcoin strategy under pressure as investor calls for governance shakeup
Empery Digital has built a Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC)-centric treasury, accumulating 4,081 BTC to date and positioning itself among the world’s more prominent public holders. The approach, intended to create value through crypto asset appreciation, has become a focal point for governance scrutiny after a major shareholder demanded a major strategic pivot. The confrontation began with a February 23 letter from Tice P. Brown, who holds roughly 9.8% of the company’s outstanding shares, urging the removal of CEO Ryan Lane and the entire board, and calling for a sale of the company’s Bitcoin stash with proceeds redistributed to shareholders. Brown contends that the current management team has entrenched itself in a way that undermines shareholder interests and capital efficiency.
The letter revealed a concrete counterproposal: a prior private offer to repurchase Brown’s shares at 100% of market net asset value (mNAV), framed as a premium to current market valuations. Brown rejected the deal, arguing that such a transaction would simply preserve existing control structures rather than deliver meaningful capital returns to investors. The exchange underscores a broader debate about whether a Bitcoin-centered strategy can deliver durable value in a market characterized by price swings, regulatory shifts, and evolving liquidity dynamics. While Brown framed the buyback as an opportunity to unlock value, Empery Digital characterizes the proposal as misaligned with the company’s long-term interests and governance standards.
Empery Digital’s response emphasizes that its leadership sought to engage Brown in a manner consistent with shareholder value creation, while maintaining a careful stance on the timing and method of any liquidity actions. The company’s board contends that Brown’s public portrayal of events does not accurately reflect the negotiation process, and insists that discussions were conducted with the aim of safeguarding the equity base. This exchange highlights the delicate balance between a treasury strategy anchored in a volatile asset and the expectations of public investors who seek predictable returns and governance accountability.
Looking ahead, the market will assess whether Empery Digital’s Bitcoin holdings—built over the course of 2025 and sustained into 2026—can withstand a shifting macro backdrop. Standard Chartered’s warnings about the sustainability of a premium to NAV in crypto-treasuries add a layer of caution to the conversation. If the market shifts away from valuing Bitcoin-heavy treasuries at a premium, companies like Empery Digital may need to demonstrate enhanced liquidity options, transparent capital-allocation policies, and credible pathways to returning capital to shareholders. The ongoing debate is not merely about whether to hold or sell; it is about how a crypto-native strategy integrates with corporate governance norms, investor expectations, and the regulatory environment that shapes disclosures and financial performance.
In the near term, investors will look for clarity on governance and strategy. Brown’s letter has already sparked a public debate about whether a Bitcoin-focused corporate treasury can deliver consistent shareholder value without sacrificing governance and liquidity. Empery Digital’s next moves—whether they entail partial divestitures, strategic diversification, or a recalibration of its capital-allocation framework—will be closely watched by a spectrum of investors, from crypto-focused funds to traditional equity holders seeking risk-adjusted exposure to digital assets. The outcome could influence how other companies with crypto holdings articulate their governance structures and communicate with shareholders in a market that remains sensitive to both asset volatility and governance signals.
Crypto World
OpenSea Delays Token Launch Again, Citing Market Conditions
NFT marketplace shelves March 30 TGE target with no new date, ends rewards campaign, and offers fee refunds.
OpenSea has pushed back the launch of its long-awaited SEA token for the second time, with co-founder and CEO Devin Finzer announcing Monday that the previously planned March 30 token generation event will not go ahead as scheduled.
“A delay is a delay. I’m not going to dress it up, and I know how it lands,” Finzer wrote on X, adding that the OpenSea Foundation opted to hold off rather than force a debut in challenging market conditions. No new date has been set.
The SEA token was first announced in February 2025 as part of OpenSea’s broader strategy to transform the platform beyond NFTs into a multi-chain trading hub.
Alongside the delay, OpenSea is making several changes to its incentive program. The current Treasure rewards wave will be the last, though accumulated rewards will be “meaningfully considered.”
Users who participated in Seasons 3 through 6 will have the option to claim refunds for platform fees paid during those periods, though doing so will require forfeiting any Treasure accumulated from those waves.
Starting March 31, OpenSea will also cut token swap trading fees to 0% for 60 days, a move aimed at driving adoption of its expanded OS2 platform, which now includes cross-chain trading, mobile features, and perpetual futures.
Finzer framed the delay as a strategic decision rather than a setback. “The thing that’s carried us through every cycle was a willingness to make hard calls when it mattered,” he wrote, adding that the foundation would announce a new timeline only once launch conditions are deemed appropriate.
Community Apathy
The response from the community has been predictably sour, though muted; likely a reflection of eroding expectations rather than surprise.
The refund mechanism itself has drawn criticism, with users questioning why participants in earlier waves who traded significantly higher volumes weren’t given the option.
“Like many of you, I’ve been personally looking forward to SEA since before I joined. I’m with you. But I also want to see it set up for long-term success and sustainability,” OpenSea CMO Adam Hollander wrote on X.
The reassurances may not land easily, given the platform’s track record on this front. As The Defiant reported last October, most users’ trust in the legacy NFT platform had already fallen as the company sought to convince users to trade tokens on OpenSea, with data showing that much of the activity at the time was driven solely by SEA farming incentives.
For many participants who have spent months farming Treasure across multiple reward waves, the indefinite delay amounts to the latest in a long series of deferred promises from a platform once synonymous with the NFT boom.
A Long Time Coming
The SEA token has been dangled in front of OpenSea users for the better part of two years.
Speculation began in earnest in late 2024, when the OpenSea Foundation surfaced on X and was found to have been registered in the Cayman Islands.
The formal announcement arrived in February 2025 alongside the public launch of OS2, OpenSea’s revamped trading platform, which integrated token swaps, a pivot driven by a significant decline in NFT trading volume, which had fallen from a peak of $5 billion per month in January 2022 to just $195 million in January 2025.
In September 2025, OpenSea quietly doubled its NFT trading fees from 0.5% to 1%, funneling half of all fees into a pre-token launch rewards pool distributed through a gamified system.
Much of the trading activity that followed was driven by SEA farming incentives rather than genuine product-market fit, with critics pointing to surprise KYC requirements and vague promises regarding how 2021-era traders would be rewarded.
After OpenSea concluded its first chest farming season in October 2025, the platform’s DEX aggregator volumes plummeted from an all-time high of $462 million on October 15 to roughly $5 million per day in the weeks that followed. DeFiLlama data shows that daily volumes have plunged further to just $2 million.
Crypto World
Orlando Bravo pushes back on private markets criticism: ‘Everybody’s extremely comfortable’
Orlando Bravo, managing partner of Thoma Bravo, speaks during “Squawk on the Street” at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on Jan. 21, 2026.
Oscar Molina | CNBC
Orlando Bravo, founder and managing partner of Thoma Bravo, pushed back on mounting criticism of private markets, saying deep sector expertise is separating winners from losers as artificial intelligence creates disruption across the software industry.
“We have been living in the details of the space for a very, very long time, not on a high level, not investing in stocks, [but] investing in companies, customer contracts, knowing the details. So, yes, as a sector specialist in private equity, our companies are very, very different,” Bravo said Tuesday in an interview with CNBC’s Leslie Picker. “We are so comfortable with our private credit book, given the choices we’ve made as a specialist.”
His comments come as investors step up scrutiny of private-market valuations and liquidity after a wave of markdowns and redemption pressure across private credit and equity funds.
Morgan Stanley recently said it expects direct-lending default rates to reach about 8%, nearing Covid-era peaks. Meanwhile, John Zito of Apollo Global Management told UBS clients last month that private equity firms are broadly misstating the value of their software holdings, saying “all the marks are wrong.”
Bravo said Thoma Bravo’s investor base, which includes major U.S. pension funds and global sovereign wealth funds, has remained confident due to the firm’s long track record and transparency.
“They’ve seen our marks, they’ve seen our exits, they’ve seen our progression,” he said. “Everybody’s extremely comfortable.”
Addressing one of the firm’s more visible missteps, Bravo acknowledged overpaying for customer experience software company Medallia. Apollo’s Zito pointed to this $6.4 billion take-private deal in 2021 specifically, saying it will be “worse than people expect,” according to the Wall Street Journal.
“When we bought it, we way overestimated or extrapolated the very high rate of growth of that company into the future. We made a mistake. And that cost us to pay too much. Now, the equity from our standpoint has been impaired for a long time,” Bravo said. “Our investors, this group that holds the capital in the world, has known that for years. So there is no new news.”
Still, he said the broader portfolio is performing strongly.
“The other 77 companies that we have, for the most part — and it’s so relevant for AI — they’re absolutely crushing it,” Bravo said.
Bravo drew a sharp distinction between private equity-owned companies and many publicly traded software firms, saying the latter face accelerating disruption. He noted that recent valuation declines in some names are “very warranted.”
“In the public markets, if you look at it, there are many, many software companies in the public markets that will be disrupted from AI. Those companies were going to be disrupted anyway. AI will create a disruption a lot faster,” Bravo said.
Crypto World
US stocks open higher as Dow jumps while crypto equities struggle for direction
U.S. stocks opened higher on Tuesday, extending a risk‑on regime across the Dow, S&P 500 and Nasdaq even as crypto‑linked names like Coinbase and MicroStrategy once again trade more like volatile Bitcoin proxies than companies being valued on their own fundamentals.
Summary
- Gate data cited by ChainCatcher show the Dow opening up 0.66%, the S&P 500 up 0.42% and the Nasdaq up 0.33%, extending a risk‑on regime where dips in U.S. equities remain shallow and quickly bought.
- Crypto‑linked stocks like Coinbase and MicroStrategy continue to trade less on cash flows and business execution and more as leveraged wrappers on Bitcoin, with sharp pops on strong BTC and ETF inflow days often fading as spot volatility cools.
- With Bitcoin grinding near highs instead of breaking out, COIN and MSTR are stuck between narratives: they offer regulated BTC proxy exposure, but the market is increasingly disciplined about paying a premium for listed vehicles that layer corporate and regulatory risk on top of coin price.
U.S. stocks opened higher on Tuesday, with risk appetite still firmly intact even as traders digest a busy macro and corporate tape. According to Gate market data cited by ChainCatcher, the Dow Jones Industrial Average opened up 0.66%, the S&P 500 rose 0.42%, and the Nasdaq Composite gained 0.33%, extending the bid for long‑duration assets that has defined much of this quarter’s trade.
The tone in crypto‑linked U.S. equities was more hesitant. While Bitcoin continues to trade near record territory, the equity market is increasingly treating names like Coinbase and MicroStrategy as leveraged wrappers on BTC (BTC) rather than as companies to be valued on cash flows and business execution. Recent crypto.news coverage has shown how Coinbase stock can jump sharply on strong Bitcoin days—particularly when ETF inflows spike—only to give back gains once spot volatility cools and volumes normalize. MicroStrategy, which now functions as a quasi‑Bitcoin holding company, exhibits the same dynamic in amplified form: rallies following new BTC purchases or upbeat commentary have repeatedly met a wall whenever Bitcoin consolidates or corrects.
That pattern is again visible in early U.S. trading. Bitcoin is holding near recent highs rather than breaking to new extremes, and crypto equities are reacting with fatigue rather than fresh upside follow‑through. The market’s message is stark: without a clear new leg higher in BTC, investors are less willing to pay a premium for listed proxies that layer corporate and regulatory risk on top of underlying coin exposure. Prior reporting on Coinbase’s sensitivity to ETF flows and MicroStrategy’s balance‑sheet concentration has underlined that point, framing both stocks as effectively high‑beta BTC trades with additional idiosyncratic risk factors attached.
At the index level, however, U.S. equities are still behaving like classic bull‑market tape: dips are shallow, breadth is reasonable, and buyers are quick to step in when macro data come in “good enough.” That backdrop helps explain why crypto stocks are not seeing deeper stress despite the absence of a fresh Bitcoin breakout. For now, COIN and MSTR remain trapped between two narratives—on one side, institutional demand for regulated BTC exposure via ETFs and public equities; on the other, a market increasingly disciplined about paying up for stories that do not deliver differentiated earnings power. As long as Bitcoin grinds rather than trends, crypto‑linked U.S. stocks are likely to keep trading more like volatile derivatives on BTC than like the core components of a new financial sector.
Crypto World
BETS OFF Act Introduced by US Democrats Would Prohibit War Betting Markets
Bill Covers Sensitive Event Contracts
The intended legislation aims to prohibit trading on non-economic events in which the government acts. It also limits markets where participants have prior information or direct control over outcomes. Lawmakers say this kind of contract raises regulatory and ethical issues. Therefore, the bill seeks to establish clearer boundaries for prediction platforms.
The last few years on websites such as Kalshi and Polymarket have drawn increased scrutiny. Markets tied to geopolitical events and leadership performance have attracted attention, as well as issues with voided contracts. Furthermore, platform practices have been complicated by the issues of voided contracts. Such cases have affected the campaign to gain greater control.
Kalshi has faced lawsuits involving controversial event contract payments. Traders have expressed concerns when markets have been stopped or canceled during crucial events. Reports of war actions in relation to geopolitical events have also attracted more attention. These remain among the issues defining the regulatory discussion.
Harassment and Threats of Concern
Authorities and news media have drawn attention to threats related to the activity of predictive markets. There have also been claims that some users pressure journalists to affect coverage related to a live betting market. Polymarket has blamed such tendencies, stating that harassment is contrary to its rules and is not in line with its policies.
The proposed bill faces difficulty in gaining wider backing. Republicans currently control Congress and might not take the bill seriously. Politicians have indicated that prediction markets have attracted political attention, creating a dynamic that makes enacting new regulations harder.
Others have begun to censor some of their contracts. As others continue offering similar contracts, Kalshi minimizes exposure to sensitive geopolitical markets. Geopolitical speculation remains active and attracts users. This tendency keeps the sector under close observation. U.S. legislators have proposed the BETS OFF Act to limit the use of prediction markets for deals involving sensitive events. The proposal would contribute to increased regulatory interest because platforms are subject to legal challenges and regulatory scrutiny.
Crypto World
Pyth Network Launches 24/7 Oil Index as Volatility Spikes Amid Iran Conflict
The oracle network’s new composite index blends institutional and onchain data sources to produce a constantly updated crude oil reference price.
Blockchain oracle network Pyth has unveiled what it calls the first continuously updating crude oil composite index, designed to fill pricing gaps left by traditional commodity markets that operate on fixed trading schedules.
The Pyth 24/7 Oil Index aggregates both onchain and offchain data, pulling from institutional trading desks and exchanges during regular hours and from decentralized derivatives venues during nights, weekends, and holidays. The goal is to eliminate stale reference prices during periods when legacy benchmarks like NYMEX WTI futures stop updating.
The launch comes amid extreme volatility in global energy markets. Joint U.S.-Israeli airstrikes on Iran and subsequent Iranian retaliation triggered immediate surges in oil and gas prices and heightened volatility in financial markets.
The cessation of tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on the region’s oil infrastructure have significantly impacted global supply chains. Roughly 20% of the world’s oil transits the Strait, making any disruption there a systemic risk for global energy pricing.
Pyth noted that onchain commodity trading has surged alongside the crisis. Hyperliquid alone processed over $1 billion in daily WTI oil perpetual volume during recent volatility spikes — activity that occurred largely outside traditional market windows.
Pyth’s oracle model, in which institutional trading firms and market makers publish first-party pricing data directly to the network, gives it a combined view of liquidity across both traditional and decentralized venues.
The oil index is the first in a planned series of proprietary always-on indices spanning commodity, macro, and cross-asset categories.
Crypto World
Senate is making progress on market structure bill, Banking panel head says
WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Senate’s stalled crypto market structure bill is making progress behind-the-scenes, the chairman of the body’s Banking Committee said Tuesday.
Senator Tim Scott, who heads the banking panel overseeing the market structure bill, said at the Digital Chamber’s DC Blockchain Summit that lawmakers may see a new draft of at least stablecoin language as soon as this week.
Stablecoin yield has been the most publicly debated issue in the market structure bill, but lawmakers have remained engaged, Scott said.
“I believe that this week we will have the first proposal in my hands to take a look at,” he said. “If that actually happened before the end of this week, and I think that it will, we’ll at least know that the sketch looks like the person. If that’s the case, I think we’re gonna be in much better shape.”
He credited Democratic Senator Angela Alsobrooks, Republican Senator Thom Tillis, and the White House’s Patrick Witt for their efforts on yield.
Other outstanding issues have also been negotiated, particularly over the past month, he said, pointing to concerns lawmakers had about U.S. President Donald Trump and his family’s crypto projects, the lack of bipartisan commissioners at the major regulatory agencies and know-your-customer regulations.
“I think we’re very close to landing the plane on the ethics issue, on quorum,” Scott said. “We know that that’s a big issue for our friends on the other side of the aisle, so we’re fixing that as well. I think we’re moving forward with some [nominations], which is great news that we were able to get some out of the other side. I think the issue of DeFi is something that [Senator] Mark Warner’s held on tightly, AML [anti-money laundering] being a very important part. So I think we’re working on that issue.”
Crypto World
Defining a New Era for Onchain Privacy and Transparency
[PRESS RELEASE – George Town, British Virgin Islands, March 17th, 2026]
Aster, a privacy-focused trading ecosystem backed by YZi Labs, today announced the official launch of Aster Chain Mainnet. This purpose-built Layer 1 blockchain is designed to dismantle the “transparency trap” of modern DeFi, offering institutional-grade privacy and CEX-level performance to professional and retail traders worldwide.
Ending the Era of Onchain Position Hunting
Transparency is a defining characteristic of decentralized finance, supported by public ledgers, verifiable transactions, and open protocols. However, transparency between protocols and users differs from transparency among market participants. When trading activity, including order placement, position size, and liquidation levels, is fully visible on-chain, such information may be observed and used by other participants in the market.
Position hunting – where traders identify a large position, see its liquidation price, and coordinate to trigger a forced liquidation – has cost traders millions of dollars on fully transparent platforms. Infamously, in March 2025, a trader opened a $375 million BTC 40x short on a fully transparent platform. Traders quickly began openly coordinating on Twitter to pool funds and hunt the position.
Aster’s default privacy removes that attack surface entirely.
The Aster Thesis: Privacy is a Fundamental Right
Unlike existing solutions that treat privacy as an opt-in feature or a third-party wrapper, Aster Chain embeds encryption directly into the execution layer. On Aster, privacy is the default, not a privilege.
The Aster privacy stack utilizes a ZK-verifiable encrypted architecture:
- ZK-Verifiable Encryption + Stealth Address Mechanism: Every order is ZK-verifiable encrypted before it reaches the chain; with Account Privacy enabled, orders are routed through unique stealth addresses, ensuring no link between users’ wallets and their trading activity, and preventing any third party from tracing, correlating, or reconstructing trades.
- Selective Disclosure: While asset transfers remain traceable for compliance, the execution layer shields strategic intent. Users who want their activity visible can choose to make it public. With Account Privacy enabled, users can generate a Viewer Pass to share with selected parties, allowing only those with access to the pass to view their private orders.
- Zero Performance Trade-off: Aster Chain achieves peak throughput of 100,000+ TPS and a median block time of 50ms, all without gas – performance that matches the speed traders expect from a centralized exchange.
“Transparency between a protocol and its users is a fundamental feature, but transparency between a trader and their competitors is a critical vulnerability,” said Leonard, CEO at Aster. “Aster Chain is the only architecture that treats privacy as a fundamental requirement for a fair market, neutralizing predatory attacks at the base layer.”
CEX Speed Meets DEX Principles
Aster Chain delivers the sub-second finality and high-leverage experience of a CEX while upholding the core tenets of decentralization: self-custody, verifiability, and permissionless access. Trading privacy removes the last reason to stay on a centralized exchange. The network is supported by a native bridge to BNB Chain and proprietary oracles to ensure high-fidelity price data.
Fuelling the Next Wave of Innovation
The mainnet launch marks the start of a phased expansion. Beyond the flagship Aster trading UI, the ecosystem is inviting builders to create specialized vaults and collaborative DeFi products through Aster Code.
To coincide with the launch, Aster will initiate a Staking Program within a week to reward early supporters and liquidity providers.
About Aster
Aster is a privacy-first onchain trading platform backed by YZi Labs, with unique features like Hidden Orders to protect user trading activity. It offers perpetual contracts across crypto, stocks and commodities, as well as crypto spot trading, and is powered by Aster Chain, a Layer 1 blockchain built to power the future of decentralized finance.
Users can learn more about Aster on the official website or follow Aster on X.
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Crypto World
SEC Clarifies How Federal Securities Laws Apply to Crypto Assets
The SEC has issued an official interpretation clarifying the application of federal securities laws to crypto assets and transactions, marking a significant step in regulatory clarity for the industry.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have jointly released a sweeping interpretive guidance that formally classifies major crypto assets and activities under federal securities law, a long-awaited move that ends years of regulatory ambiguity that industry participants described as “regulation by enforcement.”
The guidance, Release No. 33-11412, establishes a five-category taxonomy for crypto assets and clarifies the legal status of a range of on-chain activities including staking, mining, airdrops, and token wrapping.
A New Taxonomy
At the heart of the document is a classification system that divides crypto assets into five categories: digital commodities, digital collectibles, digital tools, stablecoins, and digital securities.
The most consequential determination for the market is the SEC’s explicit designation of 16 major tokens as digital commodities — assets that derive their value from the programmatic operation of a functional crypto network rather than from the managerial efforts of a centralized party. The list includes Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), Solana (SOL), XRP, Cardano (ADA), Avalanche (AVAX), Chainlink (LINK), Dogecoin (DOGE), and eight others. As digital commodities, these assets are not securities and fall outside SEC jurisdiction, though they could be subject to CFTC oversight as commodities under the Commodity Exchange Act.
NFTs, Meme Coins, and Fan Tokens
The guidance also formally addresses NFTs and meme coins, classifying them as digital collectibles — assets with artistic, entertainment, social, or cultural value. Examples cited include CryptoPunks, Chromie Squiggles, and the meme coin WIF. The SEC notes that meme coins are typically acquired for non-investment purposes, their value driven by supply and demand rather than any issuer’s efforts, and are therefore not securities.
However, the agencies drew one notable bright line: fractionalizing a digital collectible — splitting a single NFT into multiple ownership interests — could constitute a securities offering, because it introduces elements of shared investment and reliance on managerial efforts.
Fan tokens received a nuanced treatment, with the SEC noting they have “hybrid characteristics” and could also be classified as digital tools.
Staking and Mining Get a Safe Harbor
One of the most practically significant sections of the guidance covers protocol staking and protocol mining, both of which the SEC determined are not securities transactions. The ruling covers solo staking, third-party custodial staking, and liquid staking arrangements — provided that staking providers do not guarantee fixed returns, do not use deposited assets for speculation or rehypothecation, and function as administrative agents rather than active managers of investor funds.
Liquid staking receipt tokens — the tokenized receipts issued to depositors in liquid staking protocols — are similarly deemed non-securities when they represent non-security underlying assets. This determination is significant for protocols like Lido and Rocket Pool, which issue tokens such as stETH and rETH.
Wrapped Tokens Also in the Clear
The guidance also provides clarity on token wrapping, concluding that redeemable wrapped tokens — one-for-one representations of an underlying crypto asset, such as wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) — are not securities when the underlying asset is itself a non-security. The SEC specifies that wrapped token providers cannot use deposited assets for any purpose, including lending or trading, for this safe harbor to apply.
From “Regulation by Enforcement” to a Written Framework
The joint release comes after years of industry frustration with SEC enforcement actions against crypto firms, which many characterized as the agency’s primary tool for defining the regulatory perimeter. The guidance explicitly acknowledges those criticisms, noting that the SEC’s previous approach prompted complaints that it was pursuing actions rather than “developing a tailored regulatory framework that accommodates crypto asset innovation.”
The new framework grows out of work by the SEC’s Crypto Task Force, established in January 2025 under then-Acting Chairman Mark T. Uyeda, and was formalized as “Project Crypto” under Chairman Paul S. Atkins following a White House working group report on digital asset markets released in July 2025. On January 29, 2026, Atkins and CFTC Chairman Michael S. Selig announced the initiative would proceed jointly between both agencies.
The SEC emphasized that the guidance does not replace the Howey test — the Supreme Court precedent used to determine what constitutes an investment contract — but rather articulates how the agency interprets its application to crypto assets. Importantly, the guidance supersedes prior SEC staff statements on topics including meme coins, stablecoins, proof-of-work mining, and staking.
What Remains a Security
The document makes clear that assets structured as digital securities — tokenized stocks, bonds, or other traditional financial instruments recorded on a blockchain — remain fully subject to securities law regardless of their on-chain format. It also reaffirms that any non-security crypto asset can become subject to an investment contract if issuers make explicit promises of profit tied to their own managerial efforts — the classic token sale model — and that such investment contracts must be registered or exempt.
The agencies are soliciting public comment on the guidance and indicated the framework may be revised or expanded based on feedback.
This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.
Crypto World
Tether Launches AI Training Framework for Phones and Consumer GPUs
Tether has unveiled a cross-platform AI training framework that the company says can fine-tune large language models on consumer hardware, including smartphones and non-NVIDIA GPUs. The system, part of Tether’s QVAC platform, leans on Microsoft’s BitNet architecture and LoRA techniques to shrink memory and compute demands, potentially lowering the cost and hardware barriers for developers. The announcement positions the framework as compatible with a broad spectrum of chips—from AMD and Intel to Apple Silicon—along with mobile GPUs from Qualcomm and Apple. In internal tests, engineers reportedly fine-tuned models with up to 1 billion parameters on smartphones in under two hours, with smaller models achievable in minutes, and supported models as large as 13 billion parameters on mobile devices.
Key takeaways
- Tether’s QVAC framework leverages a 1-bit model architecture (BitNet) to drastically cut VRAM usage, enabling larger models to run on constrained hardware.
- LoRA-based fine-tuning is extended to non-NVIDIA hardware, broadening compatibility across AMD, Intel, and Apple Silicon platforms, as well as mobile GPUs from Qualcomm and Apple.
- On-device training and federated learning are highlighted as potential use cases, pointing to reduced reliance on centralized cloud compute for model updates.
- Performance gains extend to inference, with mobile GPUs reportedly delivering faster results for BitNet models than traditional CPU workloads.
- The move fits a broader industry trend of crypto firms expanding into AI compute and high-performance computing, touching on AI data center capacity and autonomous software agents.
Tickers mentioned: $BTC, $USDT, $USDC, $COIN, $HIVE
Sentiment: Neutral
Market context: The push to bring AI training and inference closer to edge devices mirrors a broader shift toward on-device AI and distributed learning within crypto and fintech ecosystems, alongside ongoing capital allocation to AI compute by mining operators and data-center firms.
Why it matters
For a market built on trust in programmable money and permissionless ecosystems, the ability to run substantial AI workloads on consumer hardware could recalibrate who can train and fine-tune models. By reducing VRAM requirements by up to 77.8% compared with comparable 16-bit models, according to Tether, the BitNet-based framework tackles one of the most persistent friction points in edge AI: memory constraints. This could enable developers to push more experimentation to devices that sit closer to users, potentially enabling privacy-preserving on-device training and federated learning, where updates are aggregated locally rather than uploaded to centralized servers.
Beyond the novelty of running billion-parameter models on smartphones, the initiative hints at a broader strategy: crypto firms are leaning into AI and HPC to support new products and services, from on-chain analytics to autonomous agents that transact or interact with services. The article notes that major players have already begun integrating AI into core operations or exploring AI-driven infrastructure. As crypto mining and data-center operators seek higher-margin use cases, AI compute becomes a natural extension of the sector’s infrastructure footprint. This aligns with a wider trend of institutional players diversifying into AI workloads, underscoring how blockchain-native firms view AI as a critical component of long-term scalability and product development.
On the technology side, the cross-platform capability signals a shift away from Nvidia-dominated AI stacks toward more hardware-agnostic approaches. The combination of a 1-bit model architecture with LoRA fine-tuning on non-NVIDIA hardware expands the potential hardware pool for AI development, a move that could accelerate experimentation and reduce barriers for smaller teams or individual developers who rely on consumer devices. This development is also likely to influence how AI agents—autonomous programs that interact with services and execute tasks—are trained and updated on-device, potentially strengthening privacy-preserving use cases by minimizing data transfer to cloud endpoints.
The broader industry backdrop includes crypto firms expanding into AI-enabled services and data centers. For example, strategic moves by miners and infrastructure vendors to scale AI compute capacity have been reported in recent quarters, with several large players pursuing AI-centric data-center deployments and partnerships. While the immediate impact of Tether’s framework remains to be demonstrated at scale, the emphasis on cross-platform interoperability and on-device capabilities suggests a future where AI tooling becomes more accessible to a wider range of devices, including those with limited compute budgets.
What to watch next
- Adoption pace: Will other crypto firms and AI developers publicly deploy BitNet-based training on consumer hardware, and what applications emerge first?
- Cross-platform expansion: How quickly will the LoRA-enabled workflow extend to additional non-NVIDIA GPUs and mobile accelerators?
- On-device AI pilots: Will we see real-world federated learning deployments or on-device training pilots that demonstrate data privacy benefits?
- Competitive benchmarks: Independent tests comparing BitNet-based training to traditional GPU-centric workflows across edge devices and data centers.
- Ecosystem partnerships: Any collaborations with wallet providers, AI agents, or on-chain analytics platforms that integrate edge-trained models into user-facing products.
Sources & verification
- Tether’s QVAC launch announcement detailing the cross-platform BitNet/LoRA framework and its aims. Verify at the official Tether news page linked in the announcement.
- The QVAC/BitNet framework’s claimed VRAM and parameter-strength reductions, as described in Tether’s release.
- HIVE Digital Technologies’ reported AI/HPC-driven revenue and performance metrics cited in industry coverage from Cointelegraph.
- World’s AgentKit and related AI agent verification and payment capabilities, as described in World’s official communications and coverage.
- Coinbase’s wallet infrastructure for AI agents and the Alchemy system enabling access to blockchain data via USDC, as reported in coverage cited in the article.
What to watch next
Keep an eye on updates from Tether on QVAC milestones, including any broader platform integrations or additional hardware compatibility announcements. Monitor whether other crypto-native or fintech firms begin publishing performance benchmarks or pilot deployments that validate on-device training claims. Finally, track moves by AI and crypto industry players toward federated learning and privacy-preserving on-device inference, which could reshape how models are trained and updated in distributed networks.
Sources & verification
- Tether QVAC launch: https://tether.io/news/tethers-qvac-launches-worlds-first-cross-platform-bitnet-lora-framework-to-enable-billion-parameter-ai-training-and-inference-on-consumer-gpus-and-smartphones/
- HIVE Digital Technologies revenue context: https://cointelegraph.com/news/hive-digital-focus-crypto-mining-ai-data-centers
- World AgentKit and human-verified AI agents: https://cointelegraph.com/news/world-launches-agentkit-coinbase-integration-enable-human-verified-ai-agents-embargo
- Coinbase wallet infrastructure for AI agents: https://cointelegraph.com/news/coinbase-launches-crypto-wallets-built-ai-agents
- Alchemy AI agents data access using USDC: https://cointelegraph.com/news/alchemy-ai-agents-pay-access-blockchain-data-usdc
Key figures and next steps
With Tether positioning QVAC as a cross-platform compute framework and citing substantial reductions in memory requirements, the company signals a strategic pivot toward enabling AI workloads on widely available hardware. If the framework gains traction, developers could see accelerated experimentation on consumer devices, expanding the reach of AI-assisted on-chain tools and analytics. The coming months will reveal whether these capabilities translate into broader developer adoption, practical on-device AI pilots, and tangible reductions in cloud compute demand for crypto-related AI tasks.
What this could mean for users and builders
For end users, the potential exists for faster, more private AI-powered features embedded in wallets and on-chain services. For builders, the framework lowers the barrier to prototype, test, and refine AI models without the need for high-end data-center GPUs. In a sector where compute cost can be a constraint, this shift toward edge AI adoption aligns with long-term goals of decentralization, privacy, and efficiency. It also underscores the ongoing convergence between crypto infrastructure and advanced AI compute, a development that could influence everything from on-chain data services to the design of autonomous agents and governance tools. As with any new technology, scalability, security considerations, and interoperability standards will shape how quickly such capabilities mature and how widely they are adopted across the ecosystem.
Crypto World
Moody’s Launches Onchain Credit ratings via Canton Network
Moody’s Ratings has debuted a system to deliver its credit analysis onchain, bringing its ratings data into blockchain-based financial infrastructure.
The system, called Token Integration Engine (TIE), connects Moody’s traditional ratings data to blockchain networks, allowing permissioned participants to access credit insights within blockchain-based financial workflows. It is built for institutional use, with issuers controlling participation while Moody’s retains oversight of its ratings process.
The company claims it is the first credit rating agency to deliver its credit analysis onchain. In June 2025, Moody’s teamed up with a fintech startup called Alphaledger to run a pilot program to explore how traditional credit ratings could be integrated into blockchain systems.
The initial deployment runs on the Canton Network, a permissioned blockchain designed for institutional finance. Moody’s is operating its own node on the network as part of the rollout, and said it plans to expand the system to additional blockchains and asset types.
The system is designed to be network-agnostic, with access controlled by issuers under the company’s existing governance and compliance framework.
Moody’s, a US-based credit rating agency founded in 1909 with operations in more than 40 countries, assesses the creditworthiness of governments, companies and financial instruments, with its ratings widely used by investors across global capital markets.
Related: Crypto accounting startup Cryptio lands $45M as institutions move onchain
The rise of the Canton Network
Moody’s deployment adds to the growing use of the Canton Network as infrastructure for institutional blockchain applications, particularly in tokenized assets and collateral markets.
A growing list of asset managers are integrating tokenized funds into the network. Franklin Templeton expanded its Benji platform to Canton in November, allowing its tokenized assets, including a US government money market fund, to be used as collateral and liquidity within the ecosystem.
Other efforts have focused on market infrastructure and settlement. In December, the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC) said it plans to issue a subset of US Treasury securities on Canton, extending blockchain-based processes into core clearing and settlement systems, with potential expansion to additional asset classes.
Banks and digital asset infrastructure platforms are also building on the network. In January, Digital Asset and Kinexys by JPMorgan said they plan to bring JPMorgan’s dollar deposit token, JPM Coin, to Canton, while Temple Digital Group launched a platform enabling 24/7 trading of digital assets through a central limit order book with non-custodial settlement.
The value of Canton Coin, the network’s native token, has increased about 30% since its launch in November 2025, according to CoinGecko data.

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