The summer window continues to hot up as Arsenal work on a huge double deal for Bruno Guimaraes and Vinicius Junior, while the likes of Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool and Tottenham continue talks to bolster their squads. The Gunners have seen a first official bid for the Newcastle captain rejected, and are said to have agreed personal terms on a club-record contract for the Real Madrid star.

Dave, a retired dockworker, has smoked since his teens. When he develops a persistent cough, he dismisses it as “just a smoker’s cough”.

Then he loses weight, develops fevers and wakes at night drenched in sweat. After several courses of antibiotics, he continues to deteriorate and is admitted to hospital.

Doctors find emphysema, a smoking-related condition in which damaged air sacs make breathing difficult. A chest X-ray also shows a white patch in his lung, raising concerns about cancer. A sample of sputum, the mucus coughed up from the lungs, is sent for further testing.

Dave dies before the laboratory identifies tuberculosis (TB).

Dave is fictional, but his story shows how easily TB can be missed when its symptoms resemble those of other illnesses. In a 2026 study, colleagues and I found that 574 people in England were diagnosed with TB only after death between 2010 and 2022. That is almost one person every week.

The people who died represented 0.8% of all TB diagnoses, but nearly one in five deaths recorded among people with TB. The data could not establish whether TB caused or contributed to each death.

TB is the world’s leading cause of death

TB is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs and spreads through the air. It remains the world’s leading cause of death from a single infectious organism. In 2024, an estimated 10.7 million people developed TB and 1.23 million died. Global progress has recovered from setbacks during the COVID pandemic, but remains too slow.

England cannot eliminate TB without international progress. In 2024, more than four in five people diagnosed in England were born outside the UK. This is sometimes presented simply as a migration issue. It instead reflects global inequalities in prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

TB also affects UK-born people and remains closely associated with poverty. Rates in England’s most deprived areas are more than five times those in its least deprived.

Homelessness, imprisonment, smoking and harmful alcohol or drug use can increase exposure, weaken the body’s defences or make healthcare harder to access. These factors all contribute to active TB disease.

England is close to losing its status as a low-incidence country, defined by the World Health Organization as fewer than ten cases per 100,000 people. Its rate reached 9.4 per 100,000 in 2024, following the largest annual increase since 1971.

Early diagnosis is vital. Globally, about one in five people who develop TB are not diagnosed, officially reported or treated. Many of these “missed millions” die. In England, the median interval between symptoms beginning and diagnosis of lung TB was 72 days in 2024.

During that delay, an infectious person may transmit TB while their illness worsens. Delays can also disrupt family and working life and create avoidable, sometimes catastrophic costs for people with TB, their households and health services.

The most extreme delay

A national study examined the most extreme delay: TB confirmed only after death. This meant a sample had been collected while the person was alive, but the result arrived later.

TB bacteria grow slowly, so traditional laboratory cultures can take several weeks. Rapid molecular tests, which detect the bacteria’s genetic material, can sometimes provide results much sooner, but doctors must first suspect TB.

The likelihood of diagnosis after death rose sharply with age. It was also higher among men, UK-born people, people with recorded harmful drug or alcohol use, those with TB outside the lungs and those diagnosed outside London.

Older UK-born people may have encountered TB during childhood, when infection was more common. The immune system can contain the bacteria for decades without symptoms. This is called latent TB infection. It can later become active, particularly when immunity weakens because of age, illness or medicines.

Smoking damages the lungs’ defences and increases TB risk. An older man with a cough and weight loss may therefore be investigated for cancer or chronic lung disease before TB is considered. Previous BCG vaccination – the childhood vaccine that was once routinely offered in the UK to protect against tuberculosis – does not rule it out. The vaccine protects young children against severe disease, but does not reliably prevent TB in adults.

TB outside the lungs can affect the lymph nodes, bones, bowel, kidneys, brain or other organs. Diagnosis may require scans or tissue samples. It is generally much less infectious than lung or throat TB, although people can have both forms.

People outside London were more likely to receive a diagnosis after death. Doctors in London may encounter TB more often and have better access to specialist services. Differences in reporting may also contribute. Our findings probably underestimate the problem because some people may die without being tested.

A diagnosis made only after death should be treated as an important patient-safety warning. TB deaths are not currently defined as a formal NHS “never event”, a term reserved for a small number of wholly preventable incidents. Based on our study findings, we recommend that each post-mortem TB diagnosis should prompt a review of symptoms, tests and referral decisions.

Public awareness also matters. A persistent cough, fever, drenching night sweats or unexplained weight loss deserves medical attention, regardless of age or birthplace. Healthcare professionals must consider TB even when cancer, pneumonia or chronic lung disease initially appears more likely.

Prevention must extend beyond detecting active TB disease. England offers some recent migrants testing for latent TB, but only 17% of those eligible were tested in 2024. Strategies should also consider historical exposure among older UK-born people.

England can learn from countries with much greater TB burdens. Lessons include reaching people at higher risk of being missed, such as the homeless, the poor and the socially excluded; reducing stigma; and making services easier to access.

Dave’s fictional laboratory result arrived too late. The next person with an overlooked cough should receive theirs while treatment can still help.

If your neighbour is building an extension too close to your property boundary, you have specific legal rights

Home extensions are a popular choice for homeowners looking to expand their living space. Yet these projects can frequently spark disagreements with neighbours, especially over how close the new build can be to the property line.

Under UK law, a neighbour has the right to construct right up to the boundary of your property, but they’re prohibited from crossing it, building over it, or allowing roof features such as guttering to overhang it. If an extension appears too near, your entitlements will hinge on boundary restrictions, planning rules, and party wall legislation.

There’s no universal minimum distance requirement for every property for a neighbour’s extension work. The requirements differ based on the extension type, its height, the effect on neighbouring properties, and whether it qualifies under permitted development or needs planning approval.

What are the rules on building near boundaries?

With Permitted Development Rights or Planning Permission, construction can take place as close as 50mm from your neighbour’s boundary, typically at no additional expense. However, if you wish to build directly on the boundary itself, a Party Wall Agreement becomes necessary, which usually demands your neighbour’s approval and may also require a surveyor’s involvement, particularly if your proposals impact any shared walls or structures, reports Wales Online.

Under permitted development regulations (which remain largely uniform across England and Wales for these particular measurements), an extension may be built near a boundary. However, if any part of it lies within two metres of the boundary line, the highest point of the eaves must not exceed three metres.

A single-storey rear extension has a maximum height restriction of four metres. Property owners typically have the right to build up to their property boundary. Under the Party Wall Act 1996, a neighbour may extend their structure right up to the boundary or even upon it, provided they adhere to the correct legal procedures. This usually involves serving a Party Wall Notice on the adjacent property owner at least two months prior to commencing any works.

If the extension involves excavation within three to six metres of your property, depending on the depth of the new foundations, you must receive notification. Should you object to the notice, both parties must appoint a surveyor to produce a “Party Wall Award,” which sets out how the works should proceed to reduce damage and disruption.

When constructing an extension, many homeowners seek to build as near to the edge as feasible to maximise space. Nevertheless, building regulations and local planning requirements usually establish a minimum setback distance.

In many locations, regulations stipulate a minimum distance of one metre between an extension’s edge and the boundary line. This requirement is primarily designed for fire prevention, stopping flames from spreading easily between properties, while also ensuring access for ongoing maintenance work.

What protections exist for light and privacy?

Among the most important legal safeguards for neighbours is the “Right to Light.” Should a new extension substantially diminish the natural light coming through your windows (particularly if you’ve benefited from that light for two decades or longer), you could have legitimate grounds for legal action.

This represents a civil issue distinct from planning consent. Even when a neighbour has secured council approval, they cannot lawfully breach your established right to light.

Privacy represents another key consideration. Planning authorities typically guard against “overlooking” by limiting windows on side walls or mandating the installation of obscured glazing. Should you believe an extension would compromise your privacy or cast excessive shadow over your garden, these concerns should be voiced during the planning submission stage.

When is professional guidance necessary?

If you’re worried about a neighbour’s construction proposals, the initial approach should be a direct conversation with them. Should that prove unproductive, seeking advice from a Party Wall surveyor or a solicitor who specialises in property law would be sensible.

Taking action promptly is vital. It’s far simpler to modify plans before building work commences than to pursue an injunction or compensation once the brickwork is already in place.

Footage shows several workers being approached by an individual who attacks them before leaving them on the ground.

Delivery drivers are being pushed off their bikes in sickening clips shared on TikTok. Multiple incidents, which appear to be in Glasgow, show delivery drivers being shoved off their bikes while innocently trying doing their jobs.

Footage shows a number of workers being approached by an individual who attacks them before leaving them on the ground. Glasgow Live reports the clips, filmed in various locations across the city, have been going viral.

The comments section is also flooded with vile remarks, including “more please” and “good man”. However the motivation for the ongoing attacks has not yet been made clear.

The clips emerge after our sister title told of Muhammad Jawad Yaqoob’s heartbreaking story. The delivery driver was attacked by a racist mob following an anti-immigration protest on Saturday, July 25.

The delivery driver has lived and legally worked in Glasgow for three years since moving from Kashmir. After arriving looking for a better future with his wife Hajra, they are now “scared to go outside”.

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He told Glasgow Live: “They abused and harassed me, and you can see in the video they hit me with a traffic cone… I went home, and then I saw the video is viral on different pages, and I was very scared.

“I’m very upset, I’m not going outside. Some people are not good in Scotland.

“I’ve lived here for three years, I know Scottish people are very nice people, but this happening insulted me. I am Asian. My [skin] colour is brown. But we are human beings. I paid my visa fee.”

Police Scotland has been approached for comment.

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Police have confirmed some details about the person who died

Police have provided an update after a fatal house fire. Emergency services were called to a house fire in Eagles Lane, Little Downham, at around 6pm on Friday (July 31).

A person was confirmed dead at the scene. Cambridgeshire Police have confirmed the casualty was a woman aged in her 60s.

A police spokesperson said: “There have been no arrests and the fire is believed to be non-suspicious.”

A Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service spokesperson added: “Wearing breathing apparatus, firefighters used a hose reel to extinguish the fire and cleared the smoke using a positive pressure ventilation fan.

“Sadly, a casualty died at the scene. Crews returned to their stations by 8.15pm. The cause of the fire was accidental.”

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When academic research has explored the impact of school summer holidays, it has often focused on the costs to parents and to children’s learning and health.

The childcare juggle, the costs of summer holiday activities and the potential impact of losses in learning or more sedentary behaviour by children in the holidays do have a real impact on families.

But research on the summer break often does not reflect how children and young people feel about school holidays. Children’s rights to both education and health, laid out within the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child, are widely known. There is perhaps less awareness that these UN rights also include children’s right to leisure, as our research has explored. Academically, we know very little about how children and young people experience school holidays as leisure time.

Our research set out how children and young people are often seen as in a process of “becoming”, and that their leisure is viewed as an extension of this: it should have a purpose in developing them as future healthy, educated citizens. Even play is seen not as an activity in itself but as a way to learn skills or increase physical health.

But if we see children as already “being”, not just “becoming”, then we can appreciate that their leisure time could also be the chance to rest and simply do what they want.

Holiday downsides

Undoubtedly, managing school breaks can be challenging for working parents. It is estimated that weekly holiday childcare ranges from £180 in Scotland to £224 in Wales, with a UK average of £191.

Beyond childcare, there has been increasing attention paid to the other costs of the school holiday. Children need to be fed and entertained over these breaks. In the context of a cost-of-living crisis, prices quickly add up.

The most significant political attention has been on holiday hunger: the food insecurity faced by families during breaks from school when free school meals cannot be accessed. Under pressure from charities and footballer Marcus Rashford, local authorities in England, Wales and Scotland have moved to provide food, vouchers or cash payments to families to ensure children do not go hungry during the holidays.

Research has raised concerns about learning loss over the summer break, particularly for poorer children. The focus of these studies has tended to be on literacy and numeracy, discounting other opportunities for development.

Concerns have also been raised about the impact of school holidays on children’s wellbeing. There is some evidence that during school holidays children are less physically active, more likely to gain weight, more sedentary, more likely to experience poor mental health and are a greater risk of harm.

Given these issues, it’s no wonder that questions have been raised over whether a term structure that is over 150 years old is still fit for purpose today.

The Welsh Government launched a consultation in 2023 on whether to shorten the summer break and redistribute holidays more evenly across the school year. Responses were divided and ultimately no changes were taken forward.

In the US, some jurisdictions have experimented with a more balanced school calendar with the long summer break (of up to 13 weeks) redistributed to shorter breaks spread more evenly throughout the year. Researchers examining the impact of this change have found mixed impacts on learning loss.

But it’s also important to consider how children feel about the summer holidays.

What do children think?

One of us (Susie Smillie) has worked with young people aged between ten and 18 to understand their experiences of school holiday leisure and its impact on wellbeing. This research found that school holidays were an important break from school work, but also, for some, from difficult relationships with teachers and peers.

School holidays were important to young people because they provided an opportunity for them to direct their own time. “You need to have a break, this is what…the holiday’s about,” a 15-year-old said.

They chose a broad range of activities beyond the sedentary screen time stereotype. These choices, often supported by trusted adults, was hugely valued, and allowed young people to experience enjoyment “being” in their present leisure choices rather than focusing on “becoming” for the future. “During holidays I’ll learn a lot more about stuff that I enjoy and I find interesting or stuff and that’s even helpful compared to in school, and it’s not like a stressful thing,” one said.

Local organisations were identified as an important asset in supporting young people too. In these spaces young people had the opportunity to participate in enjoyable activities. They also discussed being treated with respect, being involved in organisational decision making and developing their leadership skills.

These findings reinforce the point that while school holidays may see core curricular subjects like literacy and numeracy take a back seat for a few weeks, they provide opportunities for children and young people to flourish in other areas of their lives. This is just as important for their long-term wellbeing.

We are still learning about the impact of school holidays on families, particularly families from a diverse range of backgrounds. Very little is known about disabled children and young people’s experiences of these time periods, as well as children facing various socioeconomic challenges and care-experienced young people. Children, young people and their families from a variety of backgrounds must be at the centre of future research and policy decisions on school holiday experiences.

A banner attached to the campervan towed through Lauder said it offered “eye tests” while another joked the vehicle had been “parked round the side”.

Nicola Sturgeon and Peter Murrell have been mocked by a campervan float at an historic Scots festival.

A motorhome was towed through Lauder last week as part of the Borders town’s annual Common Riding, complete with two locals dressed as the former first minister and her estranged husband.

A banner attached to the vehicle joked: “New campervan eye test here – approved alternative to the Barnard Castle eye test“, while another sign quipped the vehicle had previously been “parked round the side”.

The local dressed as Murrell was pictured showing off watches on his wrist, while two other participants on the float posed as police officers.

But despite the cheeky float grabbing attention from the gathered crowds and pictures being shared widely on social media, it only claimed third prize in the vehicle category of the festival’s annual fancy dress competition.

One of the organisers told the Record the float was “just a bit of fun to make people laugh” and insisted it was not meant as a political statement.

A campervan purchased by Murrell was one of the central pieces of evidence against the disgraced former SNP chief executive, who was jailed for five years after pleading guilty to embezzlement in May.

It followed a lengthy police investigation – Operation Branchform – into SNP finances.

The luxury motorhome was was bought by Murrell using £124,000 of cash he stole from the Nationalists.

Murrell, 61, pled guilty at the High Court in Edinburgh to embezzling more than £400,000 from his employers. He used the ill-gotten cash to buy a string of luxury goods, including cars, cosmetics, jewellery, gardening equipment and fountain pens.

The best-known of Murrell’s many purchases was the Niesmann and Bischoff motorhome in October 2020. It was bought in Dunfermline and later sat outside Murrell’s mother’s home in the Fife town.

The Record first reported how the campervan was supposedly earmarked for the SNP Holyrood election campaign in 2021 but was never deployed after Covid restrictions were lifted.

But the prosecution cast doubt on that explanation and said there was no evidence the vehicle was ever intended for political purposes.

Sturgeon has repeatedly denied all knowledge of her estranged husband’s offending. She claimed she was first made aware of the motorhome’s existence in 2023 after the home she shared with Murrell was searched by police.

Officers also searched the Fife home of Sturgeon’s mother-in-law and impounded the campervan on the same day.

The former SNP leader previously claimed in an interview she had never “consciously” saw the campervan as it was parked “round the side” of her mother-in-law’s house.

The fancy dress competition is one of several events that take place in a week of festivities in Lauderdale each year, the climax being a band of horse riders making a circuit of the boundaries of the Borders town.

NEW YORK (AP) — General manager Brian Cashman said the New York Yankees had conversations with the Detroit Tigers about Tarik Skubal and the Baltimore Orioles about Adley Rutschman but could not work out a deal before Monday’s trade deadline.

Instead, the Yankees found other ways to bolster their roster. They added outfielder Heliot Ramos from the last-place San Francisco Giants in a three-player swap, a day after acquiring left-handed-hitting Luis García Jr. from the Washington Nationals for four pitchers.

Skubal went to the Dodgers on Sunday in a blockbuster trade for three prospects and Rutschman was sent to the Red Sox for a package that included three of Boston’s top prospects earlier Monday.

“We had many conversation with Baltimore but were unable to obviously meet the price,” Cashman said in a video conference after the trade deadline passed. “So they did their business elsewhere and we kept grinding through it, but ultimately in the end of the day, there was no opportunity that existed that we felt good enough about to be able to push through on.”

The Yankees had less of a need for Skubal because their rotation began Monday with a 3.46 ERA, but their catchers entered the series opener against the Cardinals hitting .188 with eight homers and 27 RBIs, which ranked 28th among the 30 big league teams.

“We talked to Detroit,” Cashman said. “They set a high price and to be honest that was not something we were unable to get them off of what they said might work, but at the same time they were communicating that it also might not even win the day and then they kind of went silent, I think after they got what they were looking for.”

García was in the lineup at first base and batting third after hitting a career-high .283 in his first season as a full-time first baseman with Washington. He hit a go-ahead, two-run homer in the seventh inning of a 13-7 loss.

García’s average is the highest on the Yankees, who began Monday with a .232 average and hitting .219 in 53 games since losing captain Aaron Judge to an injury two months ago.

“I think it has been one of the keys to how the season has played out so far,” García said Monday through a translator. “Before I used to hit the ball very well, but a lot of the times it was on the ground. So I think one of the focuses was to get the ball in the air and keep hitting it with the same intensity, but lift it up, and better results have come.”

Besides the batting average, Garcia also joined the Yankees after hitting a career-high 23 homers and producing a career-best 78 RBIs. He was third in the big leagues with a .560 slugging percentage behind new teammate Ben Rice and Houston slugger Yordan Alvarez while also hitting .330 with runners in scoring position.

“As good a year as he’s having, leading the league in slugging percentage over there, we think there’s more in there potentially in our ballpark,” manager Aaron Boone said. “So it’s exciting. We needed to inject a presence in our order, and we think we’ve done that in a big way.”

García appeared in 93 games at first base with the Nationals and will share time with Rice and Paul Goldschmidt at first and as the designated hitter. García struggled defensively as a second baseman at times before moving over to first base full-time.

The 26-year-old García was born in New York and said his favorite Yankees growing up were Derek Jeter and Robinson Cano. His father, Luis García Sr., appeared in eight games with the Tigers in 1999 and spent 10 seasons in the minor leagues from 1993 to 2002.

The Yankees needed another outfielder after losing Cody Bellinger to a strained left hamstring July 25, and Ramos batted .264 with nine homers and 34 RBIs in 74 games for the Giants. He also had an .835 OPS against left-handed pitching and slugged 43 homers in the previous two seasons.

Ramos will likely join the Yankees on Tuesday, and touted shortstop prospect George Lombard Jr. is expected to be promoted from Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. Following their loss Monday night, the Yankees optioned outfielder Jasson Domínguez, shortstop Anthony Volpe and reliever Angel Chivilli to Triple-A.

The Yankees sent starting pitcher Henry LaLane and infielder Kaeden Kent to the Giants for Ramos, who is not eligible for free agency until 2030.

“They have a lot of history,” Ramos said. “It’s obviously going to have a big place in my heart, but at the end of the day, I’m very happy to be a New York Yankee.”

LaLane was recently promoted to Class A Hudson Valley and was New York’s fifth-ranked prospect, according to MLB Pipeline. Kent, the son of recently inducted Hall of Famer Jeff Kent, was batting .302 this season at Hudson Valley.

New York is 27-27 since Judge last played May 31. The slugger is still awaiting another scan to determine when he can start baseball activities.

“It’s always possible that things don’t go the way you want, but we currently are still very optimistic he’s going to return,” Cashman said.

The Yankees have been without Giancarlo Stanton since April 24 due to a strained right calf and lost Bellinger for four to six weeks when he was injured in Philadelphia.

“One of the first areas of need was to try and upgrade the offense in any way, shape or form in any way we can while waiting for important players to come back at the same time off the IL,” Cashman said.

To make room for García, the Yankees optioned Max Schuemann to Triple-A. New York also recalled reliever Kervin Castro to take the spot of Yovanny Cruz, who was sent to Washington for García.

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AP Freelance Reporter Jeff Miller contributed to this report

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AP MLB: https://apnews.com/hub/mlb