The Moon’s monthly orbit around Earth is slightly elliptical rather than circular, which means its distance from us varies and so not all full Moons are the same.
When this year’s Flower Moon becomes full it will be close to its maximum distance from Earth – a point known as apogee.
That means this year’s Flower Moon will appear slightly smaller than usual because it is at the farthest point from Earth in its orbit – roughly 406,000km (252,000 miles) away.
The difference between apogee and perigee is approximately 43,000km (26,000 miles) – sounds huge, but to the naked eye the change is barely noticeable except in photographs.
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The overall effect is that a micromoon appears slightly smaller in the sky and may be a touch less bright than average.
Happy Rooms will be hosted at Middlesbrough Town Hall from July 27 to August 30, featuring 12 immersive, artist-designed rooms that explore happiness through colour, creativity and play.
The event, designed to spark imagination and fun in visitors of all ages, will include a mix of returning favourites and new spaces.
It will feature 12 immersive, artist-designed rooms that explore happiness through colour, creativity and play (Image: Dave Charnley Stella)
Rachel Willis and Lyndsey Stephenson, directors of Teesside-based Stellar Creates, are behind the project.
Ms Willis said: “This year brings a perfect mix of returning favourites and brand-new rooms, designed to surprise and delight visitors of all ages.”
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Lyndsey Stephenson said the event aims to capture what happiness really means, adding: “Happy Rooms delves into the essence of happiness.
“We want visitors to celebrate play, the great outdoors, colour, family, rest and relaxation this Summer.”
Quiet and relaxed sessions will also be available daily (Image: Dave Charnley Stella)
Happy Rooms will be open Tuesday to Sunday from 9.30am to 5pm, with entry every 15 minutes and the last admission at 3.30pm.
Briefing: What we know on the 63rd day of US-Israel war on Iran
Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian calls the US “siege” of Iranian ports “intolerable”
President Donald Trump says the US “might need” to restart the war and that “nobody knows what the talks are except myself and a couple of other people”
UN watchdog says Iran has enough enriched uranium for up to 10 nuclear bombs if weaponised
Senior Democrat accuses Pete Hegseth of misleading Donald Trump on the Iran war
Bahrain revokes citizenship of dozens accused of pro-Iran sympathies
Jenny Gilruth, SNP candidate for Mid Fife and Glenrothes, said: “The SNP has transformed childcare in Scotland – providing 1,140 hours of free, high-quality early learning and childcare, worth around £6,000 to families every year. But we have heard from families across Scotland who need more support.
The group warns the current system is “outdated, increasingly unaffordable, and too rigid” — piling pressure on public finances as the population ages.
At the centre of the proposals is a dramatic shift away from the traditional pension model.
Instead, the think tank wants a new “lifespan fund” – allowing people to build up state-backed support not just through work, but also caring responsibilities and education.
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That support could then be used during key moments in life – including unemployment, retraining or caring for family.
Tom Smith, director of economic policy at the Tony Blair Institute, said: “Britain’s state pension system was built for a different era.”
He added: “We can’t keep pouring money into a system that is increasingly unaffordable.”
Triple lock ‘cannot continue’
The report takes direct aim at the triple lock — the policy that guarantees the state pension rises each year by the highest of earnings, inflation or 2.5%.
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Smith said: “Pension spending must be contained, and that means the triple lock cannot continue after the next election.”
He added: “Ending it will require political leadership from all parties — but that should only be the first step.”
A £66bn warning
The intervention comes amid stark projections about the future cost of pensions.
The report warns that the number of pensioners is set to surge from 12.6 million today to nearly 19 million by 2070.
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At the same time, spending on the state pension could rise sharply – from around 5% of GDP to 7.8%, putting pressure on taxes and public services.
By contrast, the proposed new system could limit spending to around 5.5% – potentially avoiding £66 billion a year in extra costs by 2070.
‘Real freedom’ but with a catch
Under the plans, people would be able to dip into their pension pot earlier in life but would later repay it through higher National Insurance contributions.
Smith said: “TBI’s proposed Lifespan Fund offers that better alternative.”
He added: “It gives people real freedom to use support earlier in life… and to top it back up before retiring on their own terms.”
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Big political battle ahead
The think tank is urging cross-party talks to push through reforms before the next election – setting the stage for a major political debate over the future of pensions.
Caroline Abrahams, charity director at Age UK, said: “Age UK firmly believes that the Triple Lock should be retained into the next Parliament.
“Over time this policy has rebuilt the value of the State Pension, helping to improve the living standards of some of our poorest pensioners.
Recommended reading:
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“Today, we continue to hear from older people who are struggling financially, and the extra money the Triple Lock delivers makes a meaningful difference to many lives.
“In new polling, 3 in 10 pensioners say they are struggling financially – even before the worrying rise in energy prices.
“Going forward, we need a national debate to determine the purpose and appropriate value of the State Pension as, at present, it is set too low to provide those reliant on it with a decent standard of living throughout their later lives.”
What do you think about these proposals to replace the triple lock? Let us know in the comments.
The Met Office has forecast temperatures could surge to 26C on Friday across the UK, with 38 counties across the UK expected to hit 20C or above during the warm spell.
20:33, 30 Apr 2026Updated 23:31, 30 Apr 2026
The Met Office has forecast temperatures could rocket to 24C within hours as Scotland enjoys a welcome warm spell.
Despite “showers” expected to arrive in the west and south-west tomorrow, with rain spreading northeastwards, the Met Office says conditions will be feeling “much warmer” in the east. It will “feel humid for many”, the national weather agency confirmed.
The Met Office’s afternoon forecast predicted highs of 26C in southern areas tomorrow, while temperatures are expected to climb to 24C in the north. Saturday is also set to be a warm day, with highs of 23C in the south and 20C in the north.
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Temperature anomaly maps for tomorrow show the UK blanketed in deep red, indicating where temperatures are forecast to rise well above the seasonal average. Glasgow and Edinburgh are expected to see highs of 18C.
The ECMWF weather model predicts highs of 23C tomorrow, with the warmest conditions concentrated in the south-east of England, particularly in and around London. Afternoon highs of 22C and 23C are also expected across the Midlands and South Yorkshire, reports the Mirror.
Overall, the ECMWF model suggests as many as 38 counties will see temperatures reach 20C or above. Disappointingly for residents of Northern Ireland and Wales, all of these counties fall within either England or Scotland.
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UK counties facing 20C or above on Friday
Scotland
Sutherland
Ross-shire and Cromartyshire
Nairnshire
Morayshire
Banffshire
Aberdeenshire
Berwickshire
Roxburghshire
England
Northumberland
Durham
Yorkshire
Lancashire
Cheshire
Shropshire
Staffordshire
Leicestershire
Nottinghamshire
Derbyshire
Lincolnshire
Norfolk
Suffolk
Cambridgeshire
Northamptonshire
Warwickshire
Worcestershire
Herefordshire
Oxfordshire
Buckinghamshire
Bedfordshire
Wiltshire
Berkshire
Hampshire
Surrey
Kent
Sussex
Essex
Middlesex
Devon
BBC Weather forecasts for Friday: “A band of cloud and showers will sweep into many western parts tomorrow. Eastern areas will be sunny and warm, particularly in south-east England. Showers will later push east into north-east England.”
It also predicts for the weekend: “Over the weekend, it will become unsettled and cloudier with frequent scattered showers, or even longer spells of rain on Sunday, for England and Wales, with a chance of thunder. Cloudier with lighter showers further north. Monday will be mainly cloudy with some lingering spells of rain. Some sunny breaks may develop towards the far south and north-west.”
Despite the scorching temperatures, this warm period is not anticipated to be classed as an official heatwave. An official heatwave is only declared when temperatures meet or surpass the heatwave threshold for three consecutive days.
The heatwave threshold ranges between 25C and 28C across the UK. It sits at 28C in the south-east of England where temperatures tend to be higher, dropping to 25C the further north you travel.
Today in n’aww-worthy news, we learned that babies do a little dress rehearsal of how to cry in the womb.
And it’s nothing to worry about as parents-to-be, they’re just practicing silently crying ready for their grand entrance into the world when they’ll be able to belt out some screams.
When TikTok creator Devora (@thisisdevo) found this out – her mind was truly blown.
“Babies practise being babies before they’re born,” she said in a video which has over 128k views. “Not only do they practise laughing and frowning and different facial expressions, they also practise silent crying.
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“I can’t even deal with this fact,” she continued. “While we’re all out here waiting for them, getting ready for them, buying stuff for them, they’re inside practicing their little silent cries.”
According to Healthline, a baby’s practise cries include imitating the breathing pattern, facial expression and mouth movements of a baby crying outside of the womb.
The news hit a fair few people in the feels – especially those who are currently pregnant. “When I found out they cry inside, I cried,” said one person.
“Now I’m crying ’cause I know he’s crying,” said a mum-to-be. “And I feel bad I can’t help him. I know he’s practicing but I can’t help it.”
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Imaging has also shown 28-week-old human babies can silently cry in response to noise, according to Ultrasound Ireland.
When they do cry, babies don’t make a noise because they’re totally immersed in amniotic fluid and there is no air in their lungs – which is needed to make a sound.
But once they’re born, and the air expands their lungs, they are ready to hit those high notes.
We all know vaguely what happens when you have a caesarean section – you’re given anaesthetic, a cut is made in your abdomen and then, minutes later, your baby is pulled out and passed to you. It’s a magical medical moment.
But it turns out there’s actually a hell of a lot going on from the obstetrician’s perspective. More than you could possibly know.
A fascinating Tiktok video explaining the anatomy of a C-section has been viewed more than 11 million times after showing just how complicated the surgery can be.
Using various sheets of coloured fabric and paper, Tina (@mamma_nurse) explained how there are various layers that surgeons have to cut through, before moving muscle out of the way and then manoeuvring past organs – and that’s before you’ve even reached the area where the baby is.
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Most information given on C-sections by healthcare providers is lacking in details. Probably for good reason.
But if you’re the type of person who likes to be super informed ahead of birth – or you’re just really curious as to what the surgery involves – we asked Meg Wilson, an obstetrics and gynaecology consultant at London Gynaecology and the Whittington Hospital, to walk us through the process.
(Just a head’s up, there are some quite graphic images below.)
What happens during a C-section
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First up, you’ll be given some pain relief – either a regional or general anaesthetic – and a catheter is fitted. Your abdomen will be cleaned and a drape will be put up so you won’t be able to see the surgery unfold.
An obstetrician will make a 10 to 15cm cut along the skin at the bottom of your abdomen, just at the top of your pubic hairline.
The first layer they cut through is the skin, and that cut also goes through a layer of fat. “Then you come down on to the rectus sheath – a white fibrous layer – that is covering the muscles of the abdomen,” says Wilson.
They’ll make a cut in that as well and all these cuts will be done in the same direction: horizontally.
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Byba Sepit via Getty Images
Next up, they come to the rectus muscles “which people know as their six pack muscles,” says the obstetrician.
These two muscles run as a strip down the abdomen and where they join together is something called the linea alba. It’s a weak area which surgeons can basically “poke through” to open it up, says the obstetrician.
“That takes you into your abdomen, by making that little hole, and then you’re into what we call the peritoneal cavity which is the proper wet inside of your tummy.”
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Surgeons will make the hole a bit bigger by basically moving the two muscles apart.
“You’re pulling them out to the side to make a hole there,” says Wilson. “I think it’s really important that people know you’re not actually cutting muscles, you’re just shifting them apart.”
When in the peritoneal cavity, surgeons will get a nice view of the surface of your bladder and then the main event: the womb itself.
Now comes the really interesting bit. They have to actually move organs to get to where they need to be – so yes, they shift your bladder out of the way.
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“You lift up a little bit of something called the peritoneum,” she explains, which is “like a sheet that runs over the womb and the bladder.” Surgeons will make a small hole in that “sheet” and this allows them to see where the bladder is attached to the womb.
“It allows you to push the bladder out of the way and push it downwards a little bit,” Wilson says, noting it only gets moved about 1-2cm.
In the operating room, they have a specially designed surgical instrument that goes in to protect the bladder and hold it down and out of the way.
The surgeon cuts into the womb (again, a horizontal cut in the same direction as the skin cut). The womb is a muscle so they expect to have some bleeding at this point as muscles have a strong blood supply.
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In cases where a parent has placenta previa – where the placentacompletely or partially covers the opening of the uterus – it might be a bit more complicated, she adds, and they might have to cut higher up in the womb or even through the placenta, which could result in more blood loss.
“Then you’re going to hit the membranes around the baby – the amniotic sac – and you see that bulging out when you reach it,” Wilson continues. “You keep going and make a little hole in that with the scalpel and usually lots of amniotic fluid all comes spilling out in a big gush.”
At this point it’s all about getting the baby out. In a straightforward pregnancy the baby will be in a head down position, so they’ll get a nice view of that.
The retrieval process involves a bit of teamwork. “You put your hand in and slip your hand around the baby’s head – like a cupping action – and your assistant will put lots of pressure on the top of the woman’s tummy, pushing right at the top of womb where the baby’s feet are, and you’ve got your hands acting as a little slide for the baby to come out,” she says.
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The head pops out, then comes the neck, and then there’ll be a bit more gentle pulling to deliver the shoulders one at a time, and then the body “slips out relatively easily after”.
Michael Hanson via Getty Images
Doctors work to remove a baby from a woman’s uterus during a c section.
At this stage the curtain is often lowered and the parent(s) can see their baby and hold them. They tend to let the umbilical cord pulsate for at least a minute to give the baby beneficial nutrients and then they’ll clamp the cord, cut it and hand the baby to the midwife who will wrap them up and dry them off.
“Then it’s a case of removing the placenta, which is still stuck on to the lining of the inside of the womb,” says Wilson. “We pull a little bit on the cord and the placenta will be detaching.”
After the placenta has been removed, surgeons will then clean out the inside of the womb which Wilson says is “a very simple action” of rubbing a swab around the insides of the cavity “to make sure there’s no little bits of membrane or last little threads of placenta that are still there”.
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The mum will still be bleeding at this point so time is of the essence to get the womb stitched up again. Once that’s done, surgeons will take a moment to do a check and assess that there’s no additional bleeding anywhere.
bymuratdeniz via Getty Images
At this stage, she says, they clean away any spilt fluid and blood that may have collected in the sides of the pelvis using a swab. They also check the womb is contracted and that the ovaries and fallopian tubes look normal.
“It’s just an opportunity to do a health check because you’ve got the tummy open and it’s a relatively straightforward thing to do,” she adds.
The instrument protecting the bladder is then taken out and “then you allow everything to fall back into place,” adds Wilson. “The bladder will go back to where it was originally placed and those two rectus muscles that you held open to get into the cavity of the tummy will fall back into place as well.
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“You don’t routinely close the rectus muscles … they will come back together naturally and reform their meeting point.”
The next layer that’s surgically closed is the rectus sheath, which is the layer just beneath the fat. “We sometimes put a stitch in the fat layer but for most women we then just close the skin with another running stitch,” she adds.
“By routine we remove all the drapes and clean any collected blood that’s in the vagina,” she adds, “and make sure there’s no clots of blood or anything.”
At this point they might put in a painkiller suppository and a dressing is placed over the c-section wound. The whole process is complete in less than an hour.
To mark International Dawn Chorus day we’ve asked wildlife experts to make their case for why their favourite songbird deserves your vote. Cast your vote in the poll at the end of the article and let us know why in the comments. We hope their words will inspire you to step outside and soak up some birdsong this spring.
Championed by Cannelle Tassin de Montaigu, Research Fellow in Ecology and Evolution, University of Sussex
When people talk about the UK’s best bird songs they often go straight for the big names – loud, dramatic performers that grab your attention. But quietly in the background is the song thrush, a bird whose song is far more impressive than it first appears.
What sets the song thrush apart is not volume or flair, but structure. Its song is built from short, clear phrases, each repeated two or three times before moving on. It’s as if the bird is politely checking that its audience is paying attention. In a dawn chorus that often feels a bit chaotic, there’s something refreshingly organised about it. It’s a bird that’s actually thought things through.
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It might not have the dramatic flair of the common nightingale, and it’s less showy than some of the usual favourites. There are no soaring crescendos or dramatic flourishes. But that’s part of its charm. The song is neat, rhythmic and surprisingly memorable once you start listening for it.
In the early morning soundscape, where many birds seem determined to out-sing one another, the song thrush isn’t trying to steal the spotlight. It just quietly does its thing, and does it very well. Underrated? Definitely. Worth your vote? I’d say so.
Championed by Judith Lock, Principal Teaching Fellow in Ecology and Evolution University of Southampton
The European robin is a delightfully common sight in gardens. You will very likely have heard the characteristic “tic”, followed by a tuneful verse lasting a few seconds. In noisy urban environments they sing louder, less complex songs, in order to be heard.
The male robins use their spring song (January to June) to signal their quality to females, then forming breeding pairs, and to signal competitive ability to other males. The spring song lasts one to three seconds, composed of four to six short motifs. They have an impressive repertoire of about 1,300 motifs, indicating that song is the particularly important for robins, in comparison to birds that rely more on colourful plumage or behavioural displays to communicate with each other.
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Most birds sing mainly in the morning but robins sing all day. People often mistake their lovely evening song for a nightingale’s. Constant territory defence from non-migrating robins means that the robin song is a year-round soundtrack too. From July to December, both males and females sing the autumn song, of higher-pitched long, descending notes, with interspersed warbles. This song is to defend their individual winter territories. This indicates that song first evolved first in songbirds to ensure survival, before it became a signal used by males for reproduction. Each robin’s song is dynamic, constantly changing in response to the condition and age of the bird, and their rival.
Great tit
Championed by Josh Firth, Associate Professor of Behavioural Ecology, University of Leeds
Its song may not be as flashy as the nightingale or as poetically melancholy as the blackbird. But scientists have been taught so much by the great tit’s song, heard across British habitats from ancient woodlands to urban gardens. This spring marks 80 continuous years of UK-based scientists studying great tits at Wytham Woods, Oxford, the world’s longest-running study of individually-marked animals.
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The unique dataset includes a family tree totaling over 100,000 great tits, with some birds’ lineages traceable back 37 generations. Early research on
Wytham’s great tits during 1970s-1980s resulted in some the first studies to inform the scientific world about how bird song can help males find mates and defend territories, how larger song repertoires can bring more reproductive success, and how young birds learn these repertoires from neighbours (not just their fathers).
And a pioneering study published in 1987 taught us how male great tit song even tracks female fertility, increasing their singing efforts as their female partner’s egg-laying period approaches, and then quietening after she starts laying. Modern technological advances are allowing insight into the hidden meaning embedded in great tits’ songs. In-depth processing of 109,000 recordings of great tit songs has revealed how each bird’s melody tells the story of their own identity as well as that of their local culture and social circles.
A great tit’s age also affects their song: older males keep singing rarer, fading song types while younger birds adopt newer ones. So, Britain’s greatest song belongs to the great tit’s “teacher-teacher” call, for all it has taught us, and for all we have left to learn.
Championed by Joey Baxter, PhD Candidate in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield
Why change a winning formula? As far as I’m concerned, the chaffinch sings the biggest banger that UK birds have to offer. While the blackcap attempts to impress with ostentatious bells and whistles, the chaffinch keeps things simple with a catchy riff. Where the starling goes for quantity and novelty, with a frankly plagiaristic repertoire of mimicry, the chaffinch goes for quality, singing proudly in the knowledge that it is delivering a true earworm.
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Bubbling trills accelerate before tumbling downwards, slowing to rich watery chirps and finishing with the final flourish. This jaunty lick, the real hook of the song, is often punctuated by an upward inflection at its end, the rising intonation giving it the air of an unanswered question. The chaffinch’s song has rhythm, it has melody, and it’s instantly recognisable. It possesses the wisdom that sometimes it is better not to do everything, but to do one thing well.
The identity of United’s next full-time manager remains uncertain with only four matches left to play this term, though former long-serving midfielder Carrick is widely believed to be the frontrunner for the permanent role after impressing since taking the interim reins in January following the sacking of Ruben Amorim after only 14 months in charge.
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