Keith Gillespie believes Northern Ireland can “punch above our weight” again and return to tournament football at Euro 2028.

The 86-time capped star admitted it was disappointing that the tournament would not be co-hosted in Belfast, as per the original bid that had a redeveloped Casement Park as one of the venues along with stadiums in Dublin, and across England, Scotland and Wales.

But he insisted that under Michael O’Neill, the team was going in the right direction – and that O’Neill’s decision to turn down a permanent deal at Blackburn was good news for Northern Ireland.

“Fingers crossed,” he told Belfast Live. “We are a small nation so we are not going to qualify for every single major tournament.

“But looking back at (Euro) 2016, qualifying for that, going close in 2020, close again and then obviously the (World Cup) play-offs this time, you want to play in every big tournament.

“I think these players have really improved over the last few years. It’s a young squad and they’ve gained so much experience playing international football.

“That will stand them in good stead coming into qualifying.”

Gillespie, who was speaking at Wembley as BT unveiled a new fan-inspired poem featuring comedian and lifelong football fan Frank Skinner, reflected on Northern Ireland’s recent World Cup woes.

O’Neill’s side clinched a play-off place through the Nations League, but were handed one of the most difficult draws when they were paired away to Italy.

Two second-half goals in Bergamo in March sent the Azzurri through to the play-off decider, where they lost away to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

“It was (disappointing),” said Gillespie of the defeat, “but I think you’ve just got to remember that we’re a small nation and it’s very difficult to compete at times against those bigger nations.

“We probably couldn’t have gotten a worse draw for the play-offs, getting Italy.

“I think with the way it is in terms of the way it all works, it favours the bigger nations, as opposed to the smaller nations, because ultimately I think they want the bigger nations there.

“So for us to get Italy away, it’s very difficult when you’ve only got that one game.

“It might have been different if it was played over two legs. But win that game and you were going to play another team away – Bosnia or Wales – so it is always very difficult.

“But looking back we probably shot ourselves in the foot when we conceded in the last minute against Slovakia (in November), because we might have had an easier draw.

“But we are a very young squad, improving all the time, and I think things are looking rosy.

“It’s great news that Michael O’Neill has decided to stay as well, because the job he has done, bringing that young side through, has been remarkable.”

Looking ahead to Euro 2028, a failure to agree funding to redevelop Casement Park cost Northern Ireland co-hosting rights.

Asked if that was a disappointment, Gillespie replied: “Yeah, of course. It just didn’t work out in the end.

“It would have been great if we could have been (co-hosting). It’s something that doesn’t come around all the time, so to be a part of that would have been great for Northern Ireland in a sense to be hosting something like that.

“Unfortunately it didn’t. But that’s just the way it is.”

But with the tournament being played so close to home, he said: “Certainly if Northern Ireland were to qualify they would be travelling in their thousands, without a doubt.”

* BT has become the Official Telecommunications Partner of Euro 2028 and the poem brings together voices from across the UK to capture what football means now. Thirty years on from co-writing Three Lions, Frank Skinner collaborated on the poem using fan responses and insights from across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to inspire the final piece

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The world we live in today runs on batteries. But the lithium ion batteries that dominate the market are expensive and environmentally demanding to extract. The raw materials for lithium ion batteries are scarce and concentrated in a few geographical regions. This places continued pressure on supply chains.

Sodium-ion batteries are a promising alternative because they use abundant materials. But sodium has shortcomings that have blocked it from being used as a replacement for lithium.

In work carried out at the University of Limerick’s Bernal Institute, my team has now produced a battery that combines the strengths of sodium and lithium. This could lead to more sustainable batteries that reduce the supply chain pressures associated with lithium. The results have been published in the journal Nano Energy.

Sodium-ion batteries lag behind lithium ones in their energy density. Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a battery relative to its weight or size. Lower battery energy densities have an impact on the devices and machines they power.

If electric vehicles used battery modules with lower energy densities, it would limit the distance they could travel before needing to be recharged. Lowering the energy densities of batteries would also make tablet devices and laptops heavier.

As an energy storage researcher, this paradox gnawed at me. How could we harness sodium’s sustainability without sacrificing performance? The tension feels like the ancient philosophical concept of yin and yang. This idea describes how seemingly opposing forces are actually complementary and connected.

In this case, sodium is abundant but weak, while lithium is powerful but scarce. Inspired by this dichotomy, I wondered whether the two technologies could work in harmony rather than competing.

This led us to produce the first full cell battery with two electrodes – one positive, one negative – that uses two charged atoms or molecules (ions). In this case the charged atoms are sodium and lithium. Batteries that use different positively charged ions to store and transfer energy are known as dual cation batteries.

Why sodium ions fall short

A standard battery is made up of one or more cells. The cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. In the cell are two electrodes, or terminals: a positive terminal called a cathode and a negative terminal called the anode.

When the battery is used to power an electronic device, negatively charged electrons flow through the circuit and reach the battery’s positive terminal. The chemical medium between the anode and cathode is called the electrolyte.

I decided to combine lithium and sodium in a half cell, which has one electrode immersed in an electrolyte rather than two. Just a modest amount of lithium salt added to a sodium-dominant electrolyte radically changed the way the battery behaved.

It roughly doubled the storage capacity of our half cell compared with an equivalent state-of-the-art sodium based battery. It was also stable up to 1,000 charge-discharge cycles at higher charging currents. Charge-discharge cycles measure how many times a battery can drain from 100% to 0% and recharge to 100% before its capacity degrades.

For someone who had previously watched sodium-ion batteries fade after a few dozen cycles, these results felt like witnessing a miracle.

Behind the scenes, a fascinating chemical ballet between lithium and sodium was taking place. Lithium ions are smaller than sodium ions, so they can move more easily through the anode material. Their movement helps open smoother pathways for sodium, lowering the “diffusion barrier” – resistance at the anode that normally slows sodium batteries down. This allowed more ions to enter the anode, allowing it to store more charge.

Just as importantly, sodium helped prevent lithium from getting trapped inside the material after discharge. This back-and-forth exchange kept the reaction reversible, giving the battery both higher capacity and better cycle stability. In this yin–yang interplay, neither ion dominated; instead, they worked in harmony.

Powering clean energy

Half-cell tests are the first step towards real world applications. For the next step, I demonstrated how a mixture of lithium and sodium worked in a full battery cell.

Battery capacity retention measures the percentage of the energy originally stored in a battery that remains available after a given period of usage. The full cell delivered a battery capacity retention of 70% after 200 cycles. This is far better than the sodium-only electrolyte, which started to fail after about 50 cycles.

The full cell performance was particularly satisfying, as sodium remains the dominant charge carrier. This ensures that the battery is still fundamentally a sodium-ion system.

This breakthrough could help power the world’s clean-energy transition by reducing reliance on cobalt- and nickel-rich cathodes, which are common, but expensive, supply-constrained and linked to environmental concerns. Our design keeps sodium as the main working ion and pairs it with a more sustainable iron sulphide cathode.
Because sodium and iron are more abundant than many conventional battery metals, the chemistry could be cheaper and easier to scale.

The small amount of lithium acts mainly as a performance booster rather than the main resource. That makes the battery both higher performing and potentially less dependent on costly critical materials. Furthermore, it represents a new route to storing renewable energy on the grid, which can help communities and industries transition to a greener future.

Despite the success of our prototype, much work remains to be done. The anode in our cell and half-cell was made of germanium, which is expensive. The next challenge is to replace germanium with cheaper anode materials. One candidate is silicon, which can reversibly host both lithium and sodium ions during charging and discharging, but also provide the battery with a higher storage capacity.

This boost would increase the energy density of sodium-dominated batteries. We also need to pair the anode with a cathode capable of producing higher voltages than we currently have.

I have already been exploring alternative and sustainable pairings of different ions, such as lithium–magnesium and potassium–sodium. I am also experimenting with new electrolyte formulations.

My team’s research shows that by embracing the yin-yang of lithium and sodium, we can move towards batteries that show both high performance and sustainability. This raises the prospect of a world where your phone, car and even the grid will draw power from cheap, abundant sodium ions – gently assisted by a whisper of lithium.

York Council’s SEND Reform Plan, which is backed by £3.6 million in Government funding, is set to go before the authority’s executive on Tuesday, June 2.

It includes proposals to create a new team of professionals including speech and language therapists, psychologists and others to provide early support to children.

Cllr Bob Webb, the council’s Labour children’s spokesperson, said the plan aimed to ensure that all children are valued, included and supported to fulfil their own potential.

It follows the unveiling of national SEND reforms by the Government in February.

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Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson said the current SEND system was broken and left families fighting for entitlements on paper that did not get them additional support.

She added the Government’s new plans would see SEND children go from being sidelined and excluded to being seen, heard and included.

National reform proposals include digitising Education, Health and Care Plans (ECHPs) and Individual Support Plans (ISPs), updating the school complaints process and putting special schools under a new regulatory regime.

City of York Council stated the reforms represented the most significant change for children’s services and education in more than a decade.

Plans for York include using funding to support mainstream schools to be more inclusive while working alongside specialist provision.

A new £1.3 million Experts at Hand service would see professionals provide support in mainstream schools.

There are also plans to support staff across early years, schools and post-16 to complete a national training programme which includes identifying children who need support early.

York’s plans would be subject to checks from the Department for Education before their final approval.

Cllr Webb said they wanted to make improvements for SEND children happen.

Cllr Bob Webb, Labour executive member for children, young people and education on York Council (Image: City of York Council)

The executive member said: “School should be a place where all children and young people feel that they belong and this is something that we want to make happen.

“This draft Local Reform Plan sets out how we, along with schools, can ensure that they are valued, included, and supported to achieve their full potential.”

Speaking after the unveiling of national reform proposals, Education Secretary Ms Phillipson said how a child grows up should not dictate where they end up.

The secretary of state said: “The SEND system designed 10 years ago for a small number of children is now broken.

“Parents end up fighting tooth and nail for entitlements on paper that don’t see them getting additional support, children’s educations and lives have suffered.

“Today’s plans will see every child get the brilliant support they deserve, when they need it, as routine and without a fight.”

Diana Henry is the Telegraph’s much-loved cookery writer. She shares recipes each week, for everything from speedy family dinners to special menus that friends will remember for months. She is also a regular broadcaster on BBC Radio 4, and her journalism and recipe books, including Simple and How to Eat a Peach, are multi-award-winning. A mother of two sons, Diana can satisfy even the fussiest of eaters.   

Fifty pages into John of John, Douglas Stuart’s atmospheric third novel, you can almost feel the cold, damp air of the fictional Hebridean village of Falabay, and come to recognise its brooding and eccentric inhabitants like old friends and neighbours.

Through a microcosm of everyday island life, Stuart demonstrates his finely honed skill in exploring the fundamental tensions of the human condition that have preoccupied men and women for centuries.

An omniscient narrator presides over John of John as we follow John-Calum Macleod – Cal – returning home to the Isle of Harris after student life in Edinburgh. Recently graduated from art school, Cal has been studying fashion and textiles, in an echo of the author’s own history.

It is clear Cal’s academic sojourn to the “mainland” has not been as abundant as he had dreamed of – both financially (he’s been working as a cleaner and sofa surfing) or in his experiences (we’re told Cal’s had less sex than he’d hoped for, and even that was disappointing).

A vein of shame

A young gay man hailing from a strict and repressive Free Presbyterian background, Cal has grown up learning about the Aids epidemic through the disapproval of the church and images of young men dying on the news. It’s the late 1990s, a pre-internet age when gay networks existed below the radar. Still in the closet as far as his island is concerned, the torment and guilt of his sexuality weigh heavily on Cal throughout the novel.

Learning that his maternal grandmother Ella is ill, Cal is persuaded to return home by his lay-preacher father, John, during one of their weekly phone calls. Ever since Cal left home, these calls have involved the Gaelic “sing-back” tradition of Salmadaireachd, with his father reciting lines from the New Testament in their native language – testing his son’s knowledge by his responses, ever reminding him of where he really belongs.

Once home, we’re witness to the claustrophobic dysfunction of the Macleods’ home, a small croft where John rears sheep, weaves tweed, and has strong connections to the “Wee Free” church. John struggles to show anything other than contempt towards his son, who has come home with growing debt and orange hair.

Depressed and lonely, Cal seems to regress into teenage immaturity, bleaching his hair white and cutting it into a bob to regain some control and further irritate his father.

Ella, the not-actually-ailing grandmother, provides comedic relief for the reader at times, but is ultimately as heartbroken and tragic as the rest of the book’s characters. John is hateful and bitter towards Ella, whose daughter Grace left him for his own brother when Cal was a child.

Believing Ella does not speak or understand Gaelic, John insists on speaking to Cal in their native tongue in front of her, in an act of deliberate exclusion. Cal and Ella share a close and at times warm connection, despite being rude and crude with one another in a way that only people who connect can.

Their relationship, which is the closest Cal has to a maternal influence, is challenged when he discovers that Ella plans to sign the tenancy of the house and croft over to his mother, Grace, rather than his father, who has toiled over the land for decades.

For much of the novel, Grace is the point of blame for the breakdown of the Macleod household, with John left feeling emasculated by the act of his wife leaving him for his brother.

Unravelling

However, as the threads of Stuart’s intricately woven story start to unravel, we discover that Grace left her husband (and her son and mother) when she discovered a secret that seems to be at the centre of John’s hatred of the world and himself.

Once some of the key revelations emerge, the drama unfolds at an almost relentless pace. The simmering volatility between Cal and John erupts into violence when John beats Cal so badly that Ella is forced to stitch her grandson’s eyebrow with a needle and thread.

Further revealing the stultifying repression and frustrations that blight island life, Cal’s childhood friend Doll – with whom he shared youthful sexual encounters – is an alcoholic. Meanwhile, Doll’s academically gifted sister Isla becomes an unwed teenage mother, and is considered a ruined woman by her zealously religious family and community.

The drama and (sometimes verging on implausible) twists of this novel make it feel like a soap opera, in the traditional sense of the term: small, interconnected characters and high melodrama, with domestic spaces as scenes of desire, revelation and unpredictability.

But this is not a criticism. Stuart’s lyrical prose and atmospheric narrative elevate the genre – reimagining the domestic and familial tropes by focusing on the unrequited affections of the men in the story.

John of John is about the secrets and lies that fester under an oppressive atmosphere that is thick with damp and shame. While the novel ends with a sense of hope, a gloom lingers. We leave the characters knowing that repercussions are yet to unravel, like those unspooling skeins of wool the Macleod men desperately weave.

Those looking to get away for the bank holiday weekend and make the most of the warm weather are facing delays and transport disruption. The roads are starting to get busier and there are already some delays at the usual traffic hotspots on the M4.

The AA has estimated 23.4 million car journeys will take place on Friday. It highlighted that the M4 from London towards Wales will be a likely traffic blackspot.

A crash is already causing disruption on the M4. The two-vehicle collision has taken place on the westbound carriageway at Junction 44 for Lon Las.

Elsewhere, a serious crash has closed Wick Road at St Brides Major, with an air ambulance at the scene. A South Wales Police spokesperson said: “We’re at the scene of a serious collision on Wick Road, St Brides Major (B4265).

“The road is currently closed in both directions between St Brides Major and Wick.

“It is expected to remain closed for some time; please avoid the area and use alternative routes where possible. We’re grateful for your patience.”

As well as congestion on the roads, significant train delays are expected in Wales this weekend.

Transport for Wales is encouraging passengers to plan ahead as essential rail improvements take place across the Cardiff and valleys network.

Planned infrastructure improvements will close all lines through Cardiff Queen Street between Sunday, May 24 and bank holiday Monday, May 25.

To keep passengers moving, a combination of rail replacement buses and service diversions will operate across the local Cardiff and Valleys network.

Elsewhere, Network Rail has confirmed it is set to undertake work on the Severn Tunnel that the company says will “make the route more reliable for years to come”. The railway between Newport and Bristol Parkway or Filton Abbey Wood will be closed from Saturday.

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UK military launches major wartime exercise, launching attack and surveillance drones after imaginary Kremlin attack on Baltic states as tensions between east and west worsen daily

British forces have war-gamed launching ‘deep-strike’ missions to face off a Russian attack on Europe – from inside a London underground tube station.

They were war-gaming what would happen if they had to help defend the Baltic states in the opening shots of a Europe-wide conflict. In the emergency nightmare the year would be as soon as 2030 as UK forces led a NATO HQ in Estonia after Kremlin forces assaulted the Baltic states.

US forces joined the UK troops in a disused part of Charing Cross Tube station, pretending it is a bunker somewhere in Estonian capital Tallinn.

In the imaginary exercise, they hunch over laptops and observe big screens, using Artificial Intelligence quickly to identify Russian targets to be hit in response. Among their arsenal are drones and missiles plus hi-tech jamming equipment and they have requisitioned city infrastructure to be used in wartime.

The UK-led side faked dealing with 5,000 surveillance and attack drones daily in a bid to beat off attack from a battle-experienced Russian enemy. Codenamed Operation Arcade Strike the force was led by the UK-led Nato Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC).

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READ MORE: Russian troops shoot each other in chaotic scenes after Ukraine cripples communicationsREAD MORE: Ukraine spies uncover major Kremlin smear campaign against Zelensky

It is thought the British military has enough drones to fight at pace for a week, although Ukraine is believed to get through thousands every day. US general Christopher Donahue, head of Nato’s Land Command, warned NATO must move swiftly to prepare for the possibility in real life.

He said: “Legacy forms of mobilisation and movement are no longer a given Nato advantage, and a lack of protection in depth will be used against us.”

British ARRC commander Lt Gen Mike Elviss said that the exercise was needed for NATO practise finding and destroying Russian forces heading into war. He explained: “In this and every scenario we rehearse for, Russia has two critical advantages.

“First, they can mass combat power at the point of their attack, whereas we have an obligation to defend everywhere, all the time. Second, if an attack is to happen, it will be launched by them, so they will have the initial momentum. Our answer to this lies, in part, in our concept of fighting by recce-strike.

“Today’s deployment is a mission rehearsal. We rehearse this not just to be good at it, but because the adversary is watching and we want him to know that we are ready for the challenge.” It comes in an alarming week when Vladimir Putin’s troops carried out a war exercise in Belarus using their nuclear forces on land, sea and in the air.

And the UK MoD revealed two Russian jets had come within yards of hitting an RAF spy plane containing a crew of British troops over the Black Sea. US President Donald Trump has repeatedly threatened to weaken NATO by withdrawing troops from Germany, whilst saying he will send thousands more to eastern Europe.

His erratic threats on NATO have emboldened the Kremlin and worried European countries into stepping up defence spending.

Having been subject to an attempted machete attack at his partner’s home, Liam McElvaney rounded up a group of associates, including Wayne Narey and Jayden Woodley.

Teesside Crown Court heard the 23-year-old sourced a shotgun before the gang turned up at the home of his rival’s father, who was blasted in the abdomen with the shotgun.

A judge heard how McElvaney hid under a child’s bed when a gang of armed men turned up at his girlfriend’s home and threatened her and her child hours before the revenge attack.

Rachael Landin, prosecuting, said bad blood had been boiling between McElvaney and the victim’s son for several weeks before the brutal shooting took place.

Three men have been sentenced following a shooting in Richmond Court, Grangetown, Middlesbrough (Image: TERRY BLACKBURN)

“The victim was shot and severely injured while in the kitchen of his home,” she said.

“He had been lured there by a knock at the door or window.

“The shot was fired from a shotgun through a window next to the back door, breaking the glass before hitting the victim in the abdomen.”

She said the victim’s life was saved due to expert medical attention when he underwent surgery on his bowel and gall bladder.

Liam McElvaney (Image: Cleveland Police)

The victim was in intensive care for eight days and in hospital for five weeks before being released.

She said: “The shooting was the culmination of a feud between McElvaney and the victim’s son.”

The court heard McElvaney’s sister had raised concerns about the mounting tension between the pair and the potential targeting of family members just weeks before the shooting.

Miss Landin said: “A gang had attended McElvaney’s girlfriend’s home, forcing entry and attacking the girlfriend and her property.

“The intended target had been McElvaney, who during that incident, hid himself under a sleeping child’s bed.”

The barrister said that within minutes McElvaney had put in motion plans for the revenge attack and rounded up Narey and Woodley along with two other unnamed people.

Wayne Narey (Image: Cleveland Police)

The gang fled the scene and the weapon was never recovered by police.

Days after the shooting, McElvaney posted on Snapchat that he had shot the victim following the attempt to attack him at his girlfriend’s home.

Following his remand in prison, McElvaney was heard singing a rap over the phone boasting about pulling out the shotgun and shooting the victim.

McElvaney admitted causing grievous bodily harm with intent after initially facing an attempted murder charge following the shooting on Richmond Court, Grangetown, on April 1, 2024, and a charge of possession of firearm with intent to endanger life.

The 23-year-old also admitted a charge of attempting to pervert the course of justice by trying to offer the victim cash in a desperate bid to avoid prosecution.

While 19-year-old Narey and 18-year-old Woodley, who travelled to Teesside from his home in West Auckland, pleaded guilty to possessing a firearm, a shotgun, with the intent to endanger life.

Jayden Woodley (Image: Cleveland Police)

Narey also pleaded guilty to a further charge of attempting to possess a firearm on March 2, 2024 – a slam-gun which was never recovered.

Jonathan Walker, representing McElvaney, said his client had no previous conviction for similar offences on his record.

He said: “The incident at the house of his partner prompted this defendant’s reaction.

“Five to seven men barged into the house with machetes […] while he sought sanctuary underneath the bed.”

Fiona Lamb, representing Narey, was not the lead offender in the case. She said: “He went along, he should not have gone along and he entirely accepts that and what he did.”

And Nicci Horton, representing Woodley, said her client was only 16 at the time of the shooting.

She said: “He was feeling very emotional, it was clearly a difficult time for him and his mother.”

Judge Francis Laird KC, the Recorder of Middlesbrough, told McElvaney that the shooting was a result of a ‘bitter and violent feud’.

“You fired the shotgun through the kitchen window directly at the victim,” he said. “The shot went through the pane of glass and stuck the victim in the midriff.

“The three of you, and two others, then made off.”

McElvaney, of Pennywell House, Hylton Road, Sunderland but originally from the Middlesbrough area, was sentenced to 16 years and six months for all offences with an extended four years on licence.

Narey, of Bruce Avenue, Middlesbrough, was sentenced to nine years for both offences.

Woodley, of Front Street, West Auckland, was sentenced to six years and three months.

Las Vegas has always had a reputation for doing things bigger, louder and glitzier than everyone else. On Sunday, May 24 2026 it continues that tradition when the inaugural Enhanced Games take place at a purpose-built entertainment centre at Resorts World, a giant hotel complex on the city’s famous strip.

A one-day sports competition showcasing just three disciplines, the Enhanced Games openly embrace the use of legal performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and technological advances that maximise human potential.

Conceived by London-based entrepreneur Aron D’Souza and backed financially by billionaires Peter Thiel, Christian Angermayer and Donald Trump junior, the one-day extravaganza will see 42 athletes competing in swimming, track athletics and weightlifting.

With substantial appearance fees and an unprecedented US$25 million (£18.6 million) in prize money – including US$1 million bonuses for breaking world records – the lucrative payouts have attracted some big names. These include Olympic medallists Cody Miller and Ben Proud for swimming; Olympic medallist Fred Kerley for track; and record-breaking weightlifter Thor Björnsson.

The Enhanced Games has drawn widespread criticism from international and Olympic sport. The World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) has labelled them a “dangerous and irresponsible concept”, threatening to test athletes involved to “protect the integrity of legitimate sport” – despite the majority being retired from traditional sport. Wada also urged US authorities to shut down the games – which evidently didn’t happen.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) also issued a formal statement calling the games “utterly irresponsible and immoral … a betrayal of everything we stand for”. Travis Tygart, CEO of the US Anti-Doping Agency dismissed the Enhanced Games as “a dangerous clown show”.

In response, D’Souza argues that Wada is hypocritical and points to Olympic corruption scandals, claiming the Olympics are no longer fit for purpose. Other supporters have also promoted the idea of self-determination, and the need to break free of the IOC’s rules and regulations.

As sport researchers, we might be tempted to dismiss the event as a publicity stunt. However, based on our ongoing research into Olympic swimmers and coaches’ perceptions of the Enhanced Games (we have spoken to more than 20 so far), we believe the event is symptomatic of bigger issues. It represents a critical inflection point, and a unique opportunity to reflect upon the current shortcomings of traditional sport.

Sport’s ideological war

Deeply entrenched battlelines have been drawn on both sides of this complex debate. Recent events, such as Enhanced Games swimmer Kristian Gkolomeev breaking the former 50m freestyle world record, the games’ filing of an US$800 million anti-trust lawsuit against Wada, World Aquatics and US Swimming, and the Enhanced Group’s recent floating on the New York Stock Exchange are telling. They all appear to be the first shots fired in a potentially long and protracted ideological war over the future of sport.

Proponents argue that permitting PEDs such as testosterone, anabolic steroids, growth hormones, peptide hormones and stimulants could potentially unlock unprecedented human potential, allowing athletes to transcend current biological limits. Here, the Enhanced Games and the Olympic Games share a common goal of maximising human potential; the difference lies in precisely how it should be achieved and the transparency surrounding those methods.

Supporters of the Enhanced Games also argue that a regulated approach to using PEDs under strict medical supervision is safer for athletes, transforming what is currently an illicit, underground practice into a controlled medical environment, akin to legalising substances like cannabis.

Conversely, defenders of traditional sport argue that this approach contradicts the fundamental integrity of sport. They assert that Olympism is based on natural talent, dedication and rigorous training, free from artificial advantages. Concerns have also been raised about the long-term health consequences for athletes who use PEDs, and the negative role modelling for young athletes who may see drug use as a shortcut to success.

Threat or revolution for sport?

Another critical battleline relates to whether the Enhanced Games exacerbate or alleviate existing issues of integrity within traditional Olympic sport. Proponents of the Enhanced Games – including many of the Olympians that we interviewed – argue that the current system is fundamentally flawed.

These athletes cite what they see as the rampant and pervasive use of PEDs (meaning it’s an open-secret), the misuse of therapeutic use exemptions, the ineffectiveness and erosion of trust in anti-doping authorities, and the need to better compensate athletes for their contribution to sport.

Many people within traditional sport view the Enhanced Games as a profound existential threat to the moral legitimacy of Olympism. However, far from being a circus sideshow, its emergence is symptomatic of deep-rooted, longstanding issues and continued failings that need to be resolved within traditional sport.

Instead of perceiving the Enhanced Games as a rival or threat to the Olympic Games – which we do not believe it is – its emergence should be viewed as a wake-up call. Traditional sport needs to direct efforts to solve these fundamental problems and reflect upon the true value of sport and its role in society.

In this light, we see the emergence of the inaugural Enhanced Games as a window of opportunity for much-needed conversations within international and Olympic sport.