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NVMe Polishes Its Specs, Brings Virtualization to Locally Attached SSDs

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The latest NVMe specifications add SSD-level virtualization that can simplify live VM migration by preserving storage identities across servers. The updates also introduce support for post-quantum cryptography, controller-based rate limiting, voltage monitoring, and factory-reset capabilities. The Register reports: Announced by the NVM Express consortium, all 11 of the suite of NVMe specs have been updated with new features and engineering change notices. These represent the next step in the evolution of the standard, it says, which was created as a protocol to support storage devices connected to a system’s PCIe bus. Perhaps the most significant new capability is PCIe Exported NVM Subsystem Migration. This extends existing NVMe virtualization to locally-attached PCIe SSDs. It does this by abstracting the physical drives into host-defined virtualized NVM subsystems, to allow for virtual machine (VM) mobility without storage reconfiguration.

When a VM moves from one server to another, its storage also needs to move with it in a way that’s non-disruptive to any applications running in that VM. “With NVM Subsystem Migration, NVMe SSDs can present exported NVM subsystems that hide the complexity of the underlying hardware,” says Mike Allison, a senior director at SSD maker Samsung and NVM Express board member. “Instead of interacting with physical controllers and namespaces, the host only sees exported controllers and namespaces. This creates a clean separation between what the VM sees and what’s happening under the hood,” Allison explains on an NVM Express blog.

“One of the key innovations here is providing the host with control over exported identifiers. During migration, those identifiers can be carried over exactly from the source to the destination. That consistency is crucial: even if the underlying hardware uses different internal IDs, the VM sees no change and can pick up right where it left off with no storage reconfiguration required,” he says. In effect, the NVMe layer now enables the virtual machine manager (VMM) to rely on virtualization built into the SSD. The flash drive itself exposes logical, virtualized storage constructs, offloading this complexity from the VMM. You can learn more about the updated NVMe specifications here.

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This Data Shows Just How Hard Tesla’s Cybertruck Has Actually Flopped

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The Tesla Cybertruck has always been controversial due to its jarring appearance and long list of recalls. However, criticism of the Cybertruck has thus far largely been considered a matter of opinion — until now. As sales figures show, the Cybertruck has flopped so badly that outlets like Bloomberg have suggested that it’s the Ford Edsel of the EV era.

If you’re not aware, Edsel was one of Ford’s biggest flops. The automaker claimed the Edsel would sell 200,000 units in its first year, but it struggled to pass the 50,000-unit mark in 1958. Similarly, ahead of the Cybertruck’s 2019 debut, Elon Musk claimed that Tesla had received over 250,000 orders within a few days of its reveal. However, according to a Cox Automotive report, Tesla only sold 38,965 in its first full production year of 2024.

Those sales plunged almost 50% in 2025, with 20,237 units sold — and even those numbers were allegedly inflated by Musk’s SpaceX purchasing 1,279 Cybertrucks. In 2026, data provided to Bloomberg reveals there were only 7,133 new Cybertruck registrations in the United States as of May. Despite the shockingly bad sales, experts told Bloomberg that they don’t see Tesla discontinuing the Cybertruck any time soon, suggesting that the automaker might redesign it or introduce a new variant.

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The Tesla Cybertruck was never going to live up to expectations

The Tesla Cybertruck was always set up to fail, since it could never live up to Elon Musk’s early promises. Firstly, Musk initially boasted a starting price of $39,900 — but it ended up costing $100,000 after a few delays. Similarly, in 2026, Tesla announced a $60,000 all-wheel drive model, but many pre-orders were canceled after Tesla excluded it from Full Self-Driving mode transfers. 

Musk also made some pretty lofty claims for the Cybertruck’s range. At the 2019 reveal, he said the base model would get 250-plus miles, with the tri-motor capable of over 500. The Cybertruck gets anywhere between 250 and 300 miles in the real world, well short of the 500-plus mile number.

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The Cybertruck has also been plagued by gaffes, like its glass shattering at its 2019 launch event, despite Musk’s claims about the truck’s toughness. Musk has also claimed that the Cybertruck could essentially act as a boat due to how waterproof it is, although the fact that drivers have gotten their Cybertrucks stuck in lakes likely puts paid to Musk’s claim. There have also been much-publicized examples of the Cybertruck failing to live up to Musk’s “built for any planet” slogan, including by getting beached and struggling on the Rubicon Trail.



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What Happens When AI Policy Meets a Real Classroom?

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Every school district writing AI policy right now is making a bet about the future, often without much data behind it. On This Week with EdSurge, we look at that bet from two very different vantage points: one guest who spent a year studying policy from a distance, and another who helped write it from the inside.

Studying Policy From a Distance

Jody Britten spent the last year coding AI policy from more than 100 school districts across the country into a five-level framework, ranging from active promotion to outright prohibition. Her findings point to a system that leans cautious, and is often disconnected from the state guidance meant to inform it. What the numbers reveal about where most schools land might surprise you.

Building Policy From the Inside

Tambra Clark helped write her own district’s AI governance policy in Birmingham from scratch, sitting on the very kind of committee Britten’s research describes. What her committee discovered when they first sat down together says a lot about why so much AI policy in this country still has a long way to go.

Listen to the episode:

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Stories Mentioned in This Episode

Study: The National AI Policy Landscape in K-12 Education by Jody Britten

Voices of Change Fellowship featuring Tambra Clark

This Week with EdSurge is a weekly podcast from EdSurge. Subscribe to EdSurge newsletters for more news and analysis on education and technology.

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IsoAcoustics Marks Its Strongest OEM Year with JBL, Marten, Raidho and Lumin

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There is plenty of snake oil in hi-fi. Products that promise to uncover hidden detail, expand the soundstage, and restore the emotional connection to your record collection often accomplish little beyond making your bank balance lighter.

IsoAcoustics does not belong in that category.

Since January 2012, the Canadian manufacturer has developed isolation products for professional studios, home audio systems, and equipment manufacturers. Its technology does not manipulate the audio signal or rely on mystery materials. It addresses a straightforward mechanical problem: loudspeakers, turntables, and audio components transfer energy into the surfaces beneath them, and those surfaces can send some of that energy back.

Managing that interaction can improve bass definition, image stability, clarity, and focus. It can also reduce the amount of energy transferred into floors, furniture, and neighboring rooms.

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We have used IsoAcoustics products across multiple systems and rooms, and the results have been consistently positive. The improvements are generally most obvious beneath loudspeakers and turntables, especially on suspended wood floors or furniture that has no business supporting expensive audio equipment.

IsoAcoustics GAIA III Speaker Isolators 4-pack
IsoAcoustics GAIA III Speaker Isolators 4-pack

IsoAcoustics products will not turn a mediocre loudspeaker into a great one, and every room will not deliver the same degree of improvement. What they can do is help a properly designed component perform closer to its potential.

They also represent solid value for the money. A set of isolation feet is not inexpensive, but the cost is usually modest compared with replacing a component, upgrading a loudspeaker, or starting another cable experiment. They are easy to install, require no changes to the signal path, and can usually move to another system later.

The growing number of manufacturers integrating IsoAcoustics technology directly into their products suggests that audio brands are reaching the same conclusion.

More Than 70 OEM Partners

IsoAcoustics says it has now completed approximately 155 OEM projects, representing a 13 percent increase compared with the same period last year. Those projects involve more than 70 partner brands, an increase of 28 percent, with more than a dozen additional collaborations currently underway.

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The list includes loudspeaker manufacturers such as JBL, Sonus faber, Marten, Perlisten, PSB Speakers, Raidho, Gershman Acoustics, and Kroma Atelier.

Sonus faber Suprema Loudspeaker System Angle at CES 2024
The Sonus faber Surpema Loudspeaker System consists of one or two passive subwoofers (far left) with pair of tall floorstanding speakers.

Sonus faber was also an early OEM partner, integrating custom GAIA-Capsule isolators into its $750,000 Suprema system. The isolation system is hidden between the cabinets and baseplates of both the main loudspeakers and separate subwoofers, making it part of the structure rather than another accessory bolted on after the fact.

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Suprema was the first Sonus faber loudspeaker to use fully integrated IsoAcoustics technology, which says rather a lot considering the engineering resources and price point involved. When a company building one of the world’s most ambitious loudspeaker systems decides that controlling vibration and energy transfer is important enough to address at the factory, it becomes harder to dismiss isolation as another helping of audiophile snake oil.

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IsoAcoustics is also appearing beneath digital sources and electronics from Lumin, EMM Labs, Innuos, Antipodes Audio, and other manufacturers.

That distinction matters. Isolation products are most commonly associated with loudspeakers and turntables, where unwanted movement and vibration are easier to understand. Their adoption by electronics manufacturers shows that IsoAcoustics is no longer being viewed solely as an aftermarket speaker accessory.

These companies are designing the isolation technology into the product rather than placing a set of feet in the box as an optional extra.

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Professional Audio Experience Matters

IsoAcoustics’ professional audio credentials are an important part of the story.

Founder Dave Morrison drew on years of experience designing and constructing radio and television studios when developing the company’s isolation technology.

Recording studios are not especially tolerant of products that do nothing. Engineers need monitors to behave predictably and mixes to translate outside the control room. Preventing a loudspeaker or monitor stand from transferring unwanted energy into a desk, console, or floor is a practical problem, not an audiophile thought experiment.

That professional foundation has given IsoAcoustics a level of credibility that many accessory companies never establish.

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JBL Adopts the GAIA-TITAN Neo

2026 JBL Summit Series Loudspeakers in Macassar Ebony
2026 JBL Summit Series Loudspeakers

One of the most significant new partnerships involves JBL and the upcoming GAIA-TITAN Neo.

JBL introduced customized JBL | IsoAcoustics isolation feet with its next generation Summit Everest and Summit K2 loudspeakers at HIGH END Vienna 2026. The semi-recessed design is based on the GAIA-TITAN Neo and was developed specifically for the size, weight, and mechanical requirements of the new Summit models.

JBL says the isolation system contributes to tighter bass, a larger soundstage, and more precise imaging.

The Summit Everest and Summit K2 follow the Summit Makalu, Summit Pumori, and Summit Ama, which were introduced in 2025 with customized versions of the GAIA I Neo.

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JBL is only the second manufacturer to use the GAIA-TITAN Neo. Marten previously integrated the technology into its Coltrane Supreme Extreme flagship loudspeaker.

The GAIA-TITAN Neo sits at the top of the GAIA Neo range and is designed for the largest and heaviest loudspeakers. It remains available only through selected OEM partners, but IsoAcoustics plans to introduce a standalone consumer version with a global launch later in 2026.

Pricing, weight capacities, and model options have not yet been announced.

Marten, Raidho, Lumin, and EMM Labs Expand Their Use

Marten Dexter Trio Loudspeakers in True Grain Oak
Marten Dexter Trio Loudspeakers

Marten has integrated custom isolation into all four models in its new Dexter loudspeaker series. The Marten Isolators use GAIA Neo technology and are installed as a permanent part of each loudspeaker rather than offered as an aftermarket upgrade.

Raidho has also expanded its use of IsoAcoustics products across several loudspeaker ranges. Its TD Signature models include custom GAIA isolation, while additional Raidho models will either use or recommend IsoAcoustics as part of the speaker system.

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Gershman Acoustics has taken a different approach with the Symphoria. In addition to placing IsoAcoustics isolation beneath the loudspeaker, the company uses isolation devices within its Separate Sub Alignment System to decouple the midrange and tweeter module from the bass enclosure.

The technology is also moving deeper into digital audio.

Lumin has integrated IsoAcoustics isolation into the X2, its flagship network player, streamer, and DAC. Antipodes Audio is using the technology beneath its Oladra Presence and Sentia music servers, while EMM Labs is developing dedicated isolation footers for its reference electronics, including the PREi preamplifier.

Stable 33.33 has installed semi-recessed IsoAcoustics isolators in its Immuable turntable, and Deep Lake Audio is building the company’s isolation technology directly into a new range of audio racks and furniture.

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Why the OEM Growth Matters

A long list of partner logos does not automatically prove that every isolation product will transform every audio system.

It does, however, demonstrate that loudspeaker and electronics manufacturers are willing to engineer IsoAcoustics technology into products bearing their own names. These companies have access to measurement equipment, mechanical engineers, listening rooms, and prototype facilities. They are not integrating the products because somebody posted an enthusiastic comment beneath a YouTube video.

The breadth of the partnerships is also revealing. IsoAcoustics products are being used beneath large horn loudspeakers, compact monitors, turntables, music servers, DACs, preamplifiers, equipment racks, and internal loudspeaker modules.

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The Bottom Line

There is no shortage of questionable accessories in high-end audio, but properly designed isolation is not one of them.

IsoAcoustics offers a proven mechanical solution to a real problem, and our experience with its products has demonstrated that the benefits can be clearly audible. Bass often becomes more controlled, imaging gains greater stability, and fewer vibrations find their way into floors and furniture.

IsoAcoustics now has approximately 155 OEM projects across more than 70 brands. JBL, Marten, Raidho, Gershman Acoustics, Lumin, EMM Labs, and Antipodes Audio are very different companies building very different products. Their growing use of the same isolation technology is not proof that every system will respond identically, but it is compelling evidence that IsoAcoustics is solving a problem manufacturers consider worth addressing.

The standalone GAIA-TITAN Neo should be especially interesting for owners of very large floorstanding loudspeakers when it arrives later in 2026. Just do not expect it to make poor placement, a bad room, or a questionable loudspeaker disappear. Even proven technology has limits.

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Where to buy: IsoAcoustics products are available at Amazon, Best Buy, Crutchfield and IsoAcoustics.com, as well as many more authorized dealers.

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Double trouble for Microsoft as pre-owned software license claims converge

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Tribunal to explore how £270 million reseller case intersects with multibillion-pound class action

ValueLicensing (VL) has been invited to attend a case management conference in a related multibillion-pound collective action against Microsoft, according to the reseller’s boss, Jonathan Horley.

VL sued Microsoft for £270 million in 2021, alleging that the software giant restricted the supply of surplus Office licenses available for resale. Barrister Alexander Wolfson is the proposed class representative in a separate claim filed in 2025 on behalf of more than two million UK customers. That action seeks between £1.3 billion and £3.5 billion in compensation.

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Both cases are before the UK’s Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT) and concern Microsoft’s alleged efforts to restrict the market for pre-owned software licenses.

Case management conferences (CMCs) are used to set timetables and decide procedural questions as a case progresses.

According to Horley, ValueLicensing has a CMC concerning disclosure listed for September 14, followed the next day by an invitation to another in the Wolfson proceedings.

The September 15 CMC could address how the two proceedings interact, including whether the Wolfson action should be stayed pending judgment in the more advanced ValueLicensing case. There is also the possibility that the claims could eventually be heard together, although the tribunal has yet to indicate what course it will take.

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ValueLicensing’s case is considerably further ahead of Wolfson’s. The Court of Appeal dismissed Microsoft’s appeals on issues including copyright in July, although Microsoft can seek permission to appeal to the Supreme Court.

Kate Pollock, head of competition litigation at law firm Stewarts, said of the Wolfson case earlier this year: “Microsoft’s conduct has had a profound and costly impact on millions of individuals and private and public sector organizations that rely on its software for daily business operations.

“We believe that Microsoft abused its market dominance by imposing restrictive licensing practices that effectively shut down competition and inflated prices.”

Closer procedural links between the cases could complicate Microsoft’s defence against two claims arising from similar allegations. The Register asked the Windows behemoth to comment, but it declined.

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VL’s Horley told The Register: “Following on from the judgment at the Court of Appeal we are pleased to have a hearing listed for September 14 to progress further disclosure. ValueLicensing has also been invited to the first hearing of the Alexander Wolfson class action on September 15. That will deal with the next steps for certification and the interactions between the two claims.”

Horley said the move was “very significant” and showed the progress ValueLicensing had made in terms of the competition and copyright law aspects.

“ValueLicensing are experts in the pre-owned Microsoft market with significant evidence and experience of the operation of the market during the relevant period in which the abuse is alleged to have occurred,” he said.

“Given that both claims relate to the pre-owned Microsoft market, that the ValueLicensing claim is so advanced and Mr Justice Turner is Chair for both, it is logical for ValueLicensing to be invited. ValueLicensing is happy to assist the Tribunal in determining the next procedural steps for both actions.”

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Microsoft declined to comment. A spokesperson for the Alexander Wolfson class action has yet to comment. ®

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Castlevania: Symphony of the Night (PS1) Finally Opens Its Gates on Modern PCs

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Castlevania Symphony of the Night PS1 PC Port Recomp
Nearly three decades after Alucard first stepped into that inverted castle, a small team of fans has handed the original PlayStation version of Castlevania: Symphony of the Night a native home on Windows, with builds also reaching Linux and macOS. BlackLabelHQ’s SymphonyRecomp is still marked as an open beta, yet the full game already runs from the opening monologue to the final credits without needing an emulator.



Players must provide their own legitimate North American PS1 disk images, namely the bin and cue files specified by the project. Once those files are in the correct folder, the recompilation procedure converts the old PlayStation code into a standard PC executable. Things have gone a lot smoother recently, thanks to the inclusion of an automatic updater and simple launch scripts, so installing it now feels like any other normal indie title. No more tampering with plugin settings or BIOS files.


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Castlevania Symphony of the Night PS1 PC Port Recomp
Widescreen support is arguably the most significant improvement here. In the castle’s vast corridors and outdoor areas, the camera zooms back to display more of the scenery on either side, and the original pixel graphics still looks amazing in proportion. Menus and smaller rooms continue to use the original 4:3 frame, and a few background objects poke out at the corners, but everything feels natural on a modern monitor. The aspect ratio settings allow you to choose between turning widescreen or remaining with the original framing.

Castlevania Symphony of the Night PS1 PC Port Recomp
The controls receive the same straightforward treatment, with keyboard and gamepad bindings fully adjustable via a settings menu, and the input feels tight and precise, exactly as it should for double jumps, backdashes, and spell casting. There is no noticeable lag, which is more than can be said for certain compatibility layers.

Castlevania Symphony of the Night PS1 PC Port Recomp
There is a built-in randomizer that alters item locations and forces you to find different paths across the castle, but combat and mobility remain unchanged. Seeds from the popular sotn.io website function perfectly with the recomp, giving old players a new reason to jump back in without needing to utilize the native version. Quality-of-life options include an infinite jump option for unrestricted exploration, a colorblind mode, the ability to restore the Fairy Nocturne track that was removed from the original PlayStation release, separate volume controls for different channels, UI scaling, and a borderless fullscreen option. An item tracker and map overlay keep your inventory and progress visible without requiring any additional tools.

Castlevania Symphony of the Night PS1 PC Port Recomp
Early mod support is already available via a dedicated folder system, although finished community material is yet somewhat restricted. Recent beta patches have actually corrected certain room transitions in widescreen, resolved some difficulties with entity spawning so that doors appear correctly at the boundaries of the wider view, and ensured that your quality-of-life settings are retained between sessions. Hardware requirements are still rather basic. At a minimum, you’ll need an OpenGL 4.5-compatible GPU,.NET 10, and OpenAL. If you just want to get started, pre-built packages are available on the project’s GitHub releases page, and the most recent 0.3b build even includes ARM packages for Apple Silicon Macs, as well as disc-region validation that alerts you if you’ve entered the wrong game version.
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Fascinating Look Back at Casio Rapman, the 1991 Keyboard That Put a Full Rap Crew on Your Desk

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Casio Rapman First Rap Keyboard 1991
In 1991 hip-hop had moved from the margins into living rooms and shopping malls. MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice filled charts, Fresh Prince of Bel-Air played on television, and kids everywhere wanted to sound like the records. Casio answered with a plastic keyboard that claimed to do nearly everything a working rap group needed. They called it the Rapman, model RAP-1, and marketed it as the world’s first keyboard built specifically for rap.



The Rapman, which was about twenty inches long and weighed slightly more than three pounds, ran on batteries or a small adapter and included its own built-in speaker for your convenience. Thirty-two keys extend across the front, both medium and exactly the perfect size. A simple power switch allows you to flip between play and rap modes; in play mode, the Rapman transforms into a fairly rudimentary three-note polyphonic keyboard; flick the switch to Rap, and one of thirty built-in patterns begins looping as the keys all drop down to single note melody duty. There are two tempo buttons that allow you to slightly change the speed, although they are a little strange, and the default is about 107 beats per minute, give or take.


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The Rapman’s predefined routines are essentially its meat and potatoes. You’ve got twelve drum loops with that thin, punchy 808 sound, plus eighteen more with basic bass lines and chord stabs mixed in. Heavy Rap and Hip-Hop 1 through 4, as well as Mellow Rap, Funk, R&B, and House, all have names that indicate what they are about. Some of them have that unmistakable bounce to them, like old club records from the late 1980s, while others sound more like theme tunes for whatever TV show was on the air at the time. They all have one thing in common: none of them can be modified or edited in any way, and yet, some of them still sound like they’re worth using for brief little drawings today, even if they are a little rough around the edges.

Casio Rapman First Rap Keyboard 1991 RP-1
There are three small rubber effect pads to the right of the keys. The mode button allows you to choose between two separate sets of pads: one with agogo, kick, and snare, and the other with orchestra hit, band hit, and brass hit. Alongside the pads is a tiny little plastic disc that resembles a miniature record. Spin it around to hear short scratch samples. The disk is simply a spring-loaded rocker that presses two contacts together, so the scratches are short and to the point. But the gesture of sliding your hand across the top of it felt appropriate for the situation.

Casio Rapman First Rap Keyboard 1991 RP-1
Casio also included a tiny plug-in microphone, the EM-4131 type, as well as a five-position slider for adjusting the pitch of anything you’re speaking into the microphone. Let me tell you, the effect is rather grainy and digital-sounding. Push the slider one way, and your voice will sound like a chipmunk, while pushing it the other way will result in a low, scratchy monotone. You can also use this circuit to take keyboard noises and feed them back into the mic, resulting in ugly, harsh feedback that some more experimental users enjoyed using for all sorts of odd textures. It’s worth mentioning that no other consumer keyboard at the time had a built-in pitch-shifting microphone, as it simply wasn’t available anyplace else.

Casio Rapman First Rap Keyboard 1991 RP-1
The remaining sound set on this device consisted of twenty-five pre-programmed tones. You had your brass ensemble and echo brass, but there was also metal guitar, electric bass, and an electric organ that stunned everyone with how good it sounded. A vocoder patch produced a short looping vocal-like effect, which many owners still believe is the best sound on the device. There were orchestral hits, a car horn, an ambulance, and an emergency alert to fill out the sound. Most of the tones were similar to those used in Casio’s SA-series toys: thin and bright, with a restricted number of notes that could be played at once and no real feeling of dynamics. When you started a rhythm, everything collapsed down to one note, thus all chord work vanished as soon as the beat began.

Casio Rapman First Rap Keyboard 1991 RP-1
You can only send the output one way: through a 3.5 mm connector. There was no midi, no sequencing memory, and no mechanism to preserve what you created. For $99 in the United States or roughly £90 in the United Kingdom, you received a package clearly intended at bedrooms rather than studios. Nonetheless, experienced musicians noticed this. Peter Gabriel apparently began playing with one at a dinner table, and session participants began to order multiples.

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WebKit leaks in iOS & macOS expose user data in spite of proxy use

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Apple requires all browsers to use WebKit on iPhone, so a report suggests every browser is affected by three separate leaks that can hand off information around a proxy or iCloud Private Relay.

When users install proxy browsers or Tor, they expect absolute privacy while navigating the web. However, one developer has discovered that three separate data leaks can occur while using WebKit browsers on iOS or macOS.

According to the Mysk blog, DNS prefetching, WebAuthn for Passkeys, and WebTransport can all reveal data about the user in spite of proxy use or iCloud Private Relay. Tor browsers, proxy apps, and Safari are affected, but VPNs are not since they’re acting at a system level to encrypt all traffic.

Of course the developer works on the Psylo app and has shared that all three vulnerabilities are fixed in the latest update. It required turning off the features, which are useful to have, and users will need to manage them on a per-site basis within the app.

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The blog shared exactly how each of the three WebKit leaks are occuring:

  • DNS prefetching: data leak exposed in iOS 26 resolves hostnames through the normal DNS path instead of proxy
  • WebAuthn: introduced in iOS 18, Passkey validation file fetched from device revealing IP address
  • WebTransport: active since iOS 26.4, opens a direct HTTP/3 connection exposing the real IP address

Each system is meant to help the user with speed of access and convenience, but they have inadvertently affected security. There is only one exception, and that’s Onion Browser’s “Silver” security level that makes WebKit configure with Lockdown Mode, so that specifically is unaffected by the WebTransport data leak.

The leaks were discovered after a Psylo user reported a DNS leak and the investigation uncovered all three problems. Users can test the leaks using a proof-of-concept website provided by the developer.

Apple will have to address all three WebKit issues in a future update, though it may take time. Now that the issue has been shared publicly, it may accelerate a fix from Apple.

Users need not take action beyond being aware that proxies and Tor alone may not hide every detail about themselves. The use of a VPN will ensure no data is shared outside of the device.

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Keeping yesterday’s computers ticking takes more than nostalgia

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Earie Salmon explains why soldering skills are only the start

ARCHAEOLOGIC Repairing and restoring vintage computer hardware has grown increasingly popular, but keeping decades-old machines alive presents different challenges from fixing modern kit.

Earie Salmon, of the YouTube channel Earie’s 8-Bit Workshop, is one of many tinkerers documenting the process of keeping retro computers ticking over and building new examples of obsolete or never-released kit.

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Based in Australia, Salmon’s entry point into the hobby is all too familiar – a bit of nostalgia mixed with “what would I like to have had if given the chance”.

My biggest frustration with sourcing parts are counterfeit chips. You will confidently order a big bag of 74LS logic ICs to find they are in fact not 74LS.

Worse, most IC testers will say ‘oh yes it’s a 00 IC and works fine’ but it’s had the label sanded off and re‑etched, it’s a different family of logic chips and won’t work in your computer

Earie Salmon

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In the early 1980s, his brother had a ZX81 and Commodore VIC 20. “I was somewhat jealous and he rationed my access,” recalled Salmon. The experience clearly stayed with him. “I bought the system I would like to have had at the same time he had his ZX81, an Acorn Atom, then on into the realms of C64 and Amiga.”

“However, the personal connection, or at least tenuous link, to the computers after that point disappeared when I realized I had the makings of a collection.”

The collecting bug bites plenty of people in the tech industry, and Salmon reckons he currently has between 35 and 40 systems “in various states of disrepair.”

These days, Salmon is an IT professional and refreshingly agnostic about retro hardware. “Repairing half a dozen BBCs or Spectrums in one hit gets a little dull,” he said, preferring to plug holes in his collection, or even build computers from scratch. “Last year, I built a notional successor to the TI‑99/4A, the TI‑99/22 designed by Dan Werner, and an Acorn Atom replica designed by Hackjunk.”

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Skills-wise, readers will be unsurprised to learn that knowing your way around soldering and desoldering equipment is a prerequisite, although Salmon cautioned against grabbing some vintage hardware and “cracking on.” Better to practice on a Vero board with some disposable components before hitting something decades old with components that might be decidedly difficult to track down.

“Finding parts is definitely the biggest challenge… Anything custom, any custom IC such as a ULA that hasn’t been built since the production stopped on the original computer.

“Getting hold of some of these parts isn’t too bad but a lot of them are now only available from ‘dead’ systems. It just seems wrong to harvest parts but it’s unavoidable now.”

Salmon acknowledged that there were modern replicas of some devices, but many rarer computers lacked the same support.

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“My biggest frustration with sourcing parts are counterfeit chips. You will confidently order a big bag of 74LS logic ICs to find they are in fact not 74LS. Worse, most IC testers will say ‘oh yes it’s a 00 IC and works fine’ but it’s had the label sanded off and re‑etched, it’s a different family of logic chips and won’t work in your computer. I learnt that one the hard way.”

Then there are the schematics. Learning to read them and see what should go where is another core skill Salmon recommends, assuming the documents can be found in a language the repairer understands. “A lot of the Japanese computers, NEC or MSX, say, not only were the designs never published but the documentation isn’t even googlable unless you know Japanese as it’s not been translated.”

Salmon’s most rewarding work involved a BBC Model B. “Had I known what I was letting myself in for, I might not have started it, but once you get the cover off you feel sort of obliged to get it running again,” he said.

The repair involved undoing somebody else’s efforts: bodge wires running to the wrong places, blown ICs, broken traces, and more. Salmon reckons that some of the soldering had been done with a hot spoon. “I don’t want to talk anyone down,” he said, “but… their confidence exceeded their skills.” Best not to look at some of the Raspberry Pi computers this writer has destroyed over the years after experience took a back seat to enthusiasm.

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Salmon has strong feelings about the repairability of modern hardware, which makes the ’70s, ’80s, and ’90s seem like a golden age. “Equipment designed from the mid-noughties adopted the ‘look how small we got it’ approach which coincidentally, and almost certainly with no intent, also results in ‘look how unrepairable we made it, this is fantastic, now we can force everyone to buy a brand new phone/laptop/tablet every couple of years.’”

“In the Nineties and early Noughties, computers were really quite modular so if a bit broke then you only needed to replace that part where previously you could replace the component.

“Then from mid-Noughties, the replacement part was suddenly the whole unit. Where previously electronics would be built to last say ten years because you wanted as few returned in the first three as you could get away with, now you want it to last only for the warranty period plus one day. The science behind that to calculate just the right life span of components must be crazy!”

Salmon is, unsurprisingly, a huge supporter of the right-to-repair movement.

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Finally, Salmon’s biggest “don’t” for budding repairers concerns plugging in the hardware. “Don’t work with mains voltage until you know what you are doing and always keep the mains voltage covered to prevent you accidentally touching it.”

“It’s probably happened to everyone who has worked with electronics where you concentrate on placing a probe and your hand accidentally touched a high‑side power component, so get it out of the way or cover it! It might be the only mistake you ever make.” ®

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New ChainDrop worm poisons over 1,300 npm packages, Keyv and Cacheable among those hit

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  • Aikido researchers uncovers ChainDrop, a Shai‑Hulud variant infecting 1,300+ npm packages with an infostealer
  • Attackers compromised GitHub accounts tied to popular libraries (Keyv, Cacheable, flat‑cache, file‑entry‑cache) and pushed tainted releases with 2B monthly downloads
  • Malware exfiltrates developer/cloud credentials and secrets to a public GitHub repo; admins should treat affected systems as compromised even after removal

Another Shai-Hulud variant has been discovered in the wild, infecting more than 1,300 npm packages with an infostealer.

Security researchers Aikido reported finding “at least 868 packages (across 1381 versions) that have been compromised by the worm.”

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BenQ GV50 Review: Highly Portable, but With Quality Trade-Offs

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You can slide the projector up or down on the base for a vertical shift up a wall or ceiling. For a horizontal tilt, you can fold out the base’s two feet and point the projector at a slight angle on the ceiling. No matter the direction, it’s easy to slide around but also stays put.

The projector only has one HDMI port, which you can use for ARC 5.1 pass- through audio or connecting to another source, like a gaming console. There’s a USB-A port and a USB-C port, both for connecting a thumb drive or a hard drive (or charging a gadget), plus a 3.5-mm port. The GV50 does not have an Ethernet port and uses Wi-Fi 5, which is older and not as widely compatible or as speedy as modern standards like Wi-Fi 6E or Wi-Fi 7. I had some connection issues with my Google Nest mesh network where the projector couldn’t connect.

Image may contain Electronics and Remote Control

Photograph: John Brandon

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Aside from needing to complete a system update that took about 45 minutes, setup was ultra-smooth and mostly involved using the Google Home app to scan a QR code and install the apps. The GV50 used auto-keystoning to map to my projector screen, and it worked well. When I used the projector on a wall and on the ceiling, the keystoning also worked—I only made a few minor adjustments to the size. The GV50 remote uses the typical, intuitive BenQ layout with a Home button in the center, a setup button that’s easy to find, and shortcut buttons for Netflix, YouTube, and Prime.

Not only can the GV50 run on battery power, but it also has plenty of settings to manage its efficiency, including powering down automatically after a set period. I found Battery mode to be marginally helpful, since I use the device in my house, connected to a wall outlet, but the capability does add portability should you want to use the projector while camping or living anywhere else that outlets are sparse. You can use the projector on battery charge alone for a few hours, but the device will dim a little bit to save power.

Picture Quality and More

The GV50 is not trying to be a cinematic marvel by any means, but the projector failed my typical Spears & Muncil benchmark tests. I noticed the skin tone tests were about average for a midrange model like this, not showing much tonal variation. In the demo reel tests, the 1080p quality and lack of good contrast and brightness were much more obvious. A red cactus and yellow flower lacked vividness, and trees in the foreground of a mountain scene looked too dark and mixed into the inky black background. Butterflies that should have looked bright and colorful looked dull, flat, and a bit lifeless.

When I switched to streaming from my iPhone 17 Pro and an iPad 12.9-inch, the GV50’s slow processing speed became an issue. While both Google Cast and Apple AirPlay were functional, the playback was choppy and jittery. If I tried to fast-forward, the stream would pause or fail altogether due to the paltry 2 GB of RAM and 1.5-GHz processor.

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