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Bitcoin (BTC) can be used as cash, but capital gains taxes turn even a cup of coffee into a mountain of paperwork

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I'm not confident we hit a true capitulation in bitcoin, derivatives expert says

You can buy a cup of coffee with bitcoin easily enough in the U.S. — and get a tax headache thrown in for free.

The form-filling burden is enough to deter users from using the largest cryptocurrency to pay for real-world transactions, according to the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank known for its support of free markets, limited government and individual liberty. Abolishing capital gains tax could change that, it said.

“It’s never been easier to use Bitcoin as money,” Nicholas Anthony, a research fellow at the institute’s Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, wrote in a report. “Yet, at the same time, the tax code puts an incredible burden on law-abiding citizens. Something as simple as buying a cup of coffee every day with Bitcoin can result in over 100 pages of tax filings.”

That’s because the tax system doesn’t treat bitcoin as cash at the point of payment. Instead, every transaction is treated as if an asset has been sold just at that moment, triggering capital gains calculations. And the calculations aren’t straightforward.

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That means figuring out when the bitcoin (or fraction of bitcoin) used in the transaction was originally acquired, how much it cost and the value at the moment it was spent. The difference is then treated as a taxable capital gain or loss.

Then it gets complicated. It’s quite possible the BTC was accumulated in several batches rather than a single purchase. So when you paid for the coffee, the coins could have been acquired at different times, each with its own cost basis and purchase price. Those details need to be retrieved, recorded and reported. Every time.

The headache doesn’t stop there, because there is always a risk of penalty or audit in case you make a mistake in reporting.

The fix

Anthony said the system is broken and Congress can fix it in several ways, including abolishing capital gains tax on bitcoin.

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“Doing so would take the government’s thumb off the scale and let competition be the true decider of the best money,” he said.

Another option is to exempt bitcoin from capital gains specifically when used as a payment method. However, this creates the additional hassle of proving that the coins were spent to purchase goods and services.

A third option involves creating a “de minimis tax,” under which capital gains apply only if the transaction exceeds a certain threshold.

He cited the Virtual Currency Tax Fairness Act as a potential fix, noting that it could exempt personal crypto transactions from capital gains taxes as long as the gains do not exceed $200. He argued this threshold is too low, and suggested linking it to average household spending, around $80,000, to better reflect real-world consumption.

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Crypto World

Crypto Firms Report Flood of AI-Driven Bug Bounty Submissions

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Crypto Firms Report Flood of AI-Driven Bug Bounty Submissions

Crypto protocols have warned that an increase in AI use has led to a flood of bogus bug bounty submissions, putting a strain on teams trying to identify real threats to their protocols. 

Bug bounties are a system to reward “good” hackers for submitting reports about potential vulnerabilities and are popular in the crypto industry. AI has now made it easier to sift through large amounts of code to find possible bugs, though AI is also known to hallucinate

“AI is changing the way that bug bounty programs must operate,” said Barry Plunkett, co-CEO of Cosmos Labs, on Tuesday, responding to a bug bounty hunter who accused the protocol of ignoring their vulnerability report. 

Source: Barry Plunkett

“Our program has seen a 900% increase in submission volume from last year, on the order of 20-50 per day,” he said, adding that it’s led to a huge increase in both valid and invalid reports. 

Kadan Stadelmann, a blockchain developer and chief technology officer at Komodo Platform, told Cointelegraph he has also seen a notable increase in bug bounty submissions and payouts across organizations. 

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“There has definitely been an increase in low-quality bug bounty submissions, some of which have been false positives, potentially suggesting AI sourcing. One potential explanation is that AI has caused a decrease in the cost to produce a report, resulting in an influx of submissions.” 

In January, Daniel Stenberg, the creator of the open-source data transfer tool curl, which is used in many apps, including blockchain infrastructure, announced he was ending his bug bounty program because of an influx of “AI slop in vulnerability reports,” and he was exhausted from sifting through them.

The creator of the open-source data transfer tool curl said he has received an influx of bug bounty submissions. Source: Daniel Stenberg

HackerOne, one of the largest bug bounty platforms in the world, reported in January that there were 85,000 valid bounty submissions in 2025, up 7% from the previous year.

AI could be both the cause and the solution

Plunkett said Cosmos Labs has already started to adapt its approach as a result of the uptick in bug bounty submissions by tightening how it scores submissions, prioritizing trusted researchers with a proven track record and working with other bug bounty providers that offer more advanced triage.

Meanwhile, Stadelmann said bug bounty programs have proven integral to defending decentralized systems, and adopting AI to assist in sifting through the noise could be a solution.

“Blockchain teams will have to create AI deterrents to sift through incoming bug bounties. The smaller the team, the bigger the problem of increased bug bounties will become. Software engineers won’t have the capacity to examine everything,” he said.

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“This is where defensive AI systems to automatically sift through incoming bug bounties will be crucial. Teams dependent on bug bounties will need to develop stricter standards on their bug bounty programs as a means of lowering the number of incoming reports.”

Related: Crypto hackers stole $17B over past 10 years: DefiLlama