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SEC ‘Crypto Mom’ Hester Peirce to Depart: What Her November Exit Means

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SEC ‘Crypto Mom’ Hester Peirce to Depart: What Her November Exit Means

The most reliably pro-innovation and crypto voice inside the SEC is leaving, and the unfinished regulatory agenda she leaves behind is longer than most observers want to admit.

Stablecoin rules remain unwritten. Tokenization frameworks are still in roundtable phase. Exchange registration requirements for digital assets have no clear statutory home.

The commission that must resolve all of it will do so without the commissioner who spent eight years insisting those questions deserved answers instead of subpoenas.

Hester Peirce, known across the industry as “Crypto Mom”, will join Regent University School of Law as an associate professor in November 2026, closing a tenure at the SEC that began in January 2018.

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Virginia-based Regent University announced the appointment on May 19, alongside the hire of former Solicitor of Labor Gregory F. Jacob.

Peirce publicly signaled in March 2025 that she would not seek another nomination after her second five-year term expired in June 2025; she has served in a holdover capacity since. Her November start date at Regent aligns precisely with that exit plan.

Discover: The best crypto to diversify your portfolio with

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Peirce’s Regulatory Record: How Eight Years of Dissent Shaped the SEC Crypto Posture, and What “Regulation by Enforcement” Actually Cost the Industry

The mechanism here is worth understanding precisely. Under former chair Gary Gensler, the SEC did not publish rules governing token offerings, DeFi protocols, or crypto exchange registration.

It pursued enforcement actions instead, a pattern Peirce explicitly named as regulation by enforcement and criticized in dissents dating back to 2020.

Her objection was structural, not political: enforcement actions create case-specific legal outcomes, not the durable, industry-wide guidance that allows compliance at scale.

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Peirce dissented in multiple high-profile crypto enforcement matters, including the 2021 DeFi Money Market settlement, arguing that some targeted projects “were not frauds but failed experiments” and that the commission’s approach “imposes significant costs and creates uncertainty.”

Photo: Hester Peirce

She also championed a token safe harbor giving development teams up to 3 years to reach network decentralization before securities registration applied, a proposal the full commission never adopted but that market lawyers used as a reference framework for structuring token launches.

Her dissenting record on spot Bitcoin ETFs is arguably her most consequential legacy. For years, Peirce publicly criticized the SEC’s repeated refusals, calling the agency’s posture “a paternalistic and lazy approach to innovation.”

The 2024 approvals, which she framed as “long overdue”, are widely credited in part to the legal and political pressure her sustained dissents created. That is the practical import of an internal dissenter with a consistent, documented record: the dissents become the roadmap that outside counsel and courts eventually follow.

Most recently, Peirce led the SEC‘s Crypto Task Force, launched in January 2025, which has held public roundtables, rescinded prior bank custody guidance, and added named industry members to advise on tokenization frameworks and exchange rules. The task force represents the institutional architecture she built in her final period, and it will now operate without her.

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Discover: The best pre-launch token sales

The post SEC ‘Crypto Mom’ Hester Peirce to Depart: What Her November Exit Means appeared first on Cryptonews.

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Analyst: Ethereum Facing Silent Crisis, Hit by 55% Drawdown With No Dip Buyers

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Ethereum (ETH) has lost more than half its peak value in nine months, and the buyers who normally step in to cushion the fall are nowhere to be found.

According to on-chain analyst Easy On Chain, the current situation is particularly uncomfortable not just because of the price drop itself, but also due to a growing disconnect between the derivatives market and actual spot demand.

A Market Divided Against Itself

In a market report published on May 21, Easy On Chain painted a bleak picture for Ethereum’s broader structure, saying the token has already entered a medium- to long-term bear phase after its market cap dropped from about $585 billion in August 2025 to around $255 billion this month.

Their report pointed to falling institutional participation as one of the clearest warning signs. Fund holdings, which stood above 7 million ETH in October 2025, have fallen toward the 5.5 million to 5.7 million range.

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At the same time, the Coinbase Premium Index stayed negative throughout May, suggesting US-based institutional buyers have largely stepped away from the market.

Meanwhile, trading activity has also dried up, as, according to Easy On Chain, daily fund trading volume has fallen well below the yearly average, dropping into a range between $17 million and $42 million in recent months.

The analyst described the current market as a phase where “futures-driven optimism accumulates without solid spot support.”

That disconnect is becoming more visible in price action, considering the world’s second-largest crypto is down nearly 7% in the past week, more than 9% across the last month, and about 17% over one year, according to CoinGecko data.

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It is also sitting more than 57% below its all-time high of nearly $4,950, which was reached in August 2025.

Technicals Lean Bearish

Several commentators on X argued the chart still looks weak despite Bitcoin reclaiming levels above $78,000. One of them, Ted Pillows, wrote that ETH “still can’t reclaim the $2,150 level” even while stocks and Bitcoin moved higher, adding that “big buyers aren’t interested at all.”

On his part, Benjamin Cowen said Ethereum may revisit its April 2025 lows near its lower logarithmic regression trend line, while analyst Cryptorphic warned that the asset breaking below a rising support trend line would open the door for a move toward the $2,050 area.

The macro backdrop has not helped. In a post on May 18, Bitmine Chairman Tom Lee attributed part of Ethereum’s weakness to rising oil prices, citing what he described as the highest ever inverse correlation between ETH and crude oil.

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That same day, geopolitical pressure after US President Donald Trump issued warnings toward Iran sent Bitcoin to around $76,700 and triggered over $660 million in liquidations across crypto markets, with ETH accounting for $256 million of that figure.

The post Analyst: Ethereum Facing Silent Crisis, Hit by 55% Drawdown With No Dip Buyers appeared first on CryptoPotato.

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Mark Cuban Dumped Bitcoin, Says Hedge Thesis Fell Short

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

TLDR

  • Mark Cuban said he sold most of his Bitcoin after losing confidence in its hedge role.
  • He stated Bitcoin failed to rise during geopolitical tension and a weaker dollar.
  • Cuban compared Bitcoin’s performance to gold, which increased during the same period.
  • He described the outcome as disappointing for his original investment thesis.
  • Cuban had previously held about 60% of his crypto portfolio in Bitcoin.

Mark Cuban said he sold most of his Bitcoin after losing confidence in its role as a hedge. The billionaire investor cited recent market behavior during geopolitical tension as the main reason. Cuban said Bitcoin failed to act as a reliable alternative to weakening fiat currencies.

Mark Cuban, Bitcoin Hedge Narrative Comes Under Scrutiny

Cuban shared his views during an episode of the “Portfolio Players” podcast. He said Bitcoin did not perform as expected during the Iran conflict.

He stated, “When all this hit the fan with the Iran war, Bitcoin was always the best alternative.” However, he added that the asset failed to respond as he had believed.

Cuban said gold prices increased during the same period. He pointed out that Bitcoin dropped instead of rising alongside a weaker dollar.

He also said, “Every time the dollar dropped, Bitcoin should’ve gone up, and it just didn’t.” He described this outcome as disappointing for his investment thesis.

Cuban had long supported Bitcoin as a store of value. He previously compared it to gold due to its fixed supply. In a 2021 interview, Cuban said his crypto portfolio held 60% Bitcoin. He also said he had “never sold it” at the time.

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Crypto Portfolio Shift as Bitcoin Underperforms Expectations

Cuban’s latest comments show a change in his stance on Bitcoin. He said he now feels less confident about its role as a hedge asset.

He clarified that he remains less disappointed in Ethereum. However, he criticized other crypto assets more broadly.

Cuban said, “I’m more disappointed in Bitcoin, not as disappointed in Ethereum and the rest.” He referred to some other tokens as “garbage.”

His earlier views praised blockchain technology and decentralized finance. He also supported Ethereum for enabling smart contracts and NFTs. Bitcoin supporters often describe the asset as “digital gold.” They argue it can protect wealth during inflation or currency weakness. However, Bitcoin has often traded like a high-risk asset. Its price has moved with broader market sentiment and risk appetite.

Recent market data shows gold rising during geopolitical tension. At the same time, Bitcoin struggled to maintain upward momentum. Cuban’s remarks add to the ongoing debate about Bitcoin’s market role. The discussion continues as crypto markets react to global economic events.

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Zcash (ZEC) Soars 27% Weekly: 3 AIs Debate Whether It Can Break Into the Top 10 in 2026

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The recent price performance of the leading cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Ripple (XRP), and many others, reflects the broader weakness in the market, reinforcing the outlook that we are currently in a bear cycle with no clear timeline for the next bull run.

However, some altcoins have managed to defy the overall decline. Zcash (ZEC) is a standout example, with its price exploding by 100% over the past month to over $650. Its market capitalization has surged past $11 billion, placing it as the 13th-biggest cryptocurrency. We asked three of the most widely used AI-powered chatbots whether the rally can continue and whether the asset has a chance to enter the prestigious top 10 club.

Yes, But…

According to ChatGPT, ZEC has a real shot, but such an ascent would require a very specific combination of market conditions, regulation, and narrative momentum.

The chatbot noted that privacy coins have surged in popularity lately and may become even more trending if some governments move with their CBDC plans or other centralized efforts. ChatGPT stated that the 10th position is currently held by Dogecoin (DOGE), whose performance relies heavily on speculation and social media hype.

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“This is where Zcash enters the conversation. Unlike many speculative meme coins, Zcash operates within a niche that may become increasingly important over the coming years: financial privacy. Rising concerns around surveillance, wallet tracking, artificial intelligence, CBDCs, and stricter KYC requirements are pushing some investors to reconsider the importance of private transactions and censorship resistance,” it added.

Perplexity agreed that the asset can enter the elite club. According to its analysis, it will need two important things to happen at once: a strong ZEC-specific rally and either stagnant or weak performance from the coins currently above it.

The chatbot claimed that if privacy coins remain trending, the token would continue to attract capital from traders and investors. In conclusion, Perplexity said the outcome has “low-to-moderate probability” rather than the most likely one. The key signal to watch is whether ZEC can keep outperforming while the assets ranked 8-12, such as Tron (TRX), Dogecoin (DOGE), Hyperliquid (HYPE), and WhiteBIT Coin (WBT), stay flat or weaken.

It is important to note that HYPE has also defied the correction, with its price pumping by nearly 50% over the past week. With a market cap approaching $14 billion, the asset now sits noticeably closer to breaking into the top 10 club than ZEC.

The Rebels Rarely Win

While Google’s Gemini also highlighted ZEC’s price ascent, it claimed that becoming one of the 10 biggest cryptocurrencies this year is rather unlikely. It added that such success would depend heavily on the support of prominent industry figures, noting that BitMEX’s Arthur Hayes is among the few publicly backing the asset.

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Gemini gave another rather unorthodox reason for ZEC not to enter the elite club. It said the top 10 is almost exclusively populated by massively viral assets with solid fundamentals that have become “institutionally friendly.” In comparison, “Zcash is built to be a rebel – and rebels rarely win popularity contests,” it argued.

The post Zcash (ZEC) Soars 27% Weekly: 3 AIs Debate Whether It Can Break Into the Top 10 in 2026 appeared first on CryptoPotato.

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David Schwartz warns of hard fork because XRP nodes won’t upgrade

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David Schwartz warns of hard fork because XRP nodes won’t upgrade

More than half of XRP Ledger nodes are still running outdated software, with just six days to go before a scheduled amendment activation.

XRP Ledger co-creator David Schwartz spent the weekend talking about a hard fork and downplaying, in his view, the probability of any contentious split in XRP’s consensus due to their slow upgrades.

The ledger’s so-called “fixCleanup3_1_3” amendment cleans up a series of issues affecting NFTs, permissioned domains, vaults, and a new lending protocol. It’s supposed to activate on May 27 but ideally should hold more than 80% support from trusted validating nodes for two weeks. 

The release notes, published by the XRP Ledger Foundation, tell every server operator to upgrade to 3.1.3 immediately. Any node still running older code at activation risks becoming amendment-blocked.

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Amendment-blocked nodes may not validate ledgers (ledgers are the XRP Ledger’s version of blocks), process transactions, or participate in consensus.

Schwartz on the difference between a fork and a fix

Concern about a chain split in the XRP community spilled into a long thread on May 18. A critic asked Schwartz how a contested 50/50 validator split would even achieve resolution. 

First, Schwartz downplayed changes to voting power, saying, “anyone can create dozens of nodes just to game the voting scheme,” and rejecting any rudimentary governance proposals akin to one vote per node.

Indeed, annual costs for running a hosted XRP validating node can be as low as a few thousand dollars — a trivial expense for a motivated attack on the $83 billion blockchain.

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Schwartz then walked through his view of the consensus math.

“The validator split doesn’t matter,” he said. “All that’s necessary is that each side have enough validators to create a functional unique node list (UNL) containing validators who agree to produce a ledger stream according to their preferred rules.”

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UNL strips away the convention of one vote per node. Instead, XRP Ledger node operators modify their UNL on their node’s software to prefer certain validating nodes, although almost every user adopts two particular UNLs that the Ripple-backed XRP Foundation maintains, dUNL and XRPLF.

Anyway, pressed on what a plausible fork would actually require, Schwartz estimated, “Realistically, you need to find at least a half dozen people willing to run validators to have a plausible fork.”

The reassurance lands oddly. He downplayed fears of a chain split because forking XRPL only takes half a dozen people willing to spend a few thousands dollars.

The clock is ticking

On May 17, XRPL Foundation contributor Hussein Zangana, known in the XRP community as “Vet,” posted that only “40% of the network is updated.”

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His dashboard showed less than 40% of 846 XRP Ledger nodes on the new version.

By May 18, RippleX head of engineering J. Ayo Akinyele put the figure at roughly 44% and by May 19, CoinGape reported about 46%.

With less than a week to upgrade, almost half of the network is in the wrong place.

Importantly, however, all 35 seats on the XRP foundation’s super-powerful dUNL have voted in favor of fixCleanup3_1_3.

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CoinGape reported 100% support among these 35 validating nodes that actually count toward practical consensus, because again, almost all XRP users adopt the XRP Foundation’s dUNL as their UNL by default.

The slow movers seem to be nodes operated by exchanges, market makers, NFT marketplaces, DEX front-ends, and other operators running their own servers. They risk becoming amendment-blocked on May 27, until they upgrade.

Read more: David Schwartz says don’t invest in Ripple

Another upgrade problem for the XRP ecosystem

This isn’t the XRP Ledger’s first amendment scare over the last 12 months.

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In February, the foundation disclosed a critical signature-validation flaw in its Batch amendment. That bug let an attacker execute inner transactions on behalf of arbitrary victim accounts without their private keys.

An emergency 3.1.1 release marked Batch and a companion amendment as unsupported.

Another signature flaw forced the same patch-and-resubmit cycle on the Permission Delegation amendment in September 2025. Fortunately, that earlier bug never reached mainnet or caused losses.

Unfortunately, the fixCleanup3_1_3 amendment exists in part because earlier amendments shipped with problems. Vet has framed the current activation as routine network hygiene rather than a contentious fork.

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Schwartz conceded in the same thread that XRPL goes through technical hard forks more often than most public ledgers. Indeed, there have been 25 adopted amendments to the XRP Ledger since last year.

Got a tip? Send us an email securely via Protos Leaks. For more informed news and investigations, follow us on XBluesky, and Google News, or subscribe to our YouTube channel.

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Stablecoins still dominate despite yield advantage of tokenized funds: JPMorgan

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Crypto inflows slowed sharply in first quarter as investor demand weakened, says JPMorgan

Tokenized money market funds still make up only around 5% of the stablecoin universe despite their ability to generate yield, Wall Street bank JPMorgan said in a Wednesday report.

The bank said crypto market participants continue to favor stablecoins because they have become the ecosystem’s default cash instrument for trading, collateral management, settlement, cross-border payments and liquidity management across centralized exchanges (CEX) and decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols.

According to the report, money market funds face a “structural regulatory disadvantage” because they are classified as securities, subjecting them to registration, disclosure, reporting and transfer restrictions that limit their ability to circulate freely within the crypto ecosystem.

“We doubt that tokenized money market funds would grow beyond 10%-15% or so of the stablecoin universe, unless there is a regulatory change that reduces the structural disadvantage arising from tokenized money market funds classified as securities,” wrote analysts led by Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou.

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As a result, the bank’s analysts said demand for tokenized money market funds is largely confined to crypto-native investors seeking yield on idle cash and institutional investors looking to combine blockchain-based settlement and programmability with traditional investor protections.

Advocates of tokenized money market funds say the products combine the safety and yield of traditional cash-management vehicles with the speed and flexibility of blockchain networks.

By putting fund shares onchain, tokenized funds can enable near-instant settlement, 24/7 transfers, automated compliance and more efficient collateral management. Proponents also argue that tokenization can reduce operational costs, improve transparency and allow assets to move more seamlessly across trading, treasury and payments systems

Tokenized money market funds promise faster settlement and broader access, but they still face risks tied to liquidity, counterparty exposure, regulatory uncertainty and the underlying stability of the traditional assets backing the tokens.

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These tokenized funds are likely to continue growing faster than stablecoins because of their interest-bearing nature, the analysts said, but it is unlikely they will expand beyond 10%-15% of the stablecoin market absent meaningful regulatory changes.

Regulators have offered only limited support so far. The bank pointed to a streamlined Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) process introduced earlier this year to simplify the issuance and redemption of onchain money market funds. The report also highlighted emerging partnerships between traditional finance firms and crypto-native companies that allow institutions to use tokenized money market funds as off-exchange trading collateral while still earning yield.

Still, these developments are “marginal” and unlikely to overcome the broader regulatory disadvantages that prevent tokenized money market funds from matching the seamless utility of stablecoins across crypto markets, the report added.

Read more: Mike Cagney’s second act: Turning blockchain into Wall Street’s new plumbing

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Internet Computer drops 1.6%, leading index lower

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9am CoinDesk 20 Update for 2026-05-21: vertical

CoinDesk Indices presents its daily market update, highlighting the performance of leaders and laggards in the CoinDesk 20 Index.

The CoinDesk 20 is currently trading at 2062.9, down 0.5% (-9.64) since 4 p.m. ET on Wednesday.

Five of the 20 assets are trading higher.

9am CoinDesk 20 Update for 2026-05-21: vertical

Leaders: NEAR (+4.1%) and TAO (+1.6%).

Laggards: ICP (-1.6%) and HBAR (-1.3%).

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The CoinDesk 20 is a broad-based index traded on multiple platforms in several regions globally.

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What we’ve learned from Terraform Labs’ unredacted Jane Street lawsuit

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What we've learned from Terraform Labs' unredacted Jane Street lawsuit

Liquidators overseeing Terraform Labs’ bankruptcy have unredacted the Jane Street Group lawsuit that accuses the firm of using a secret Telegram chat to profit from Terra’s $40 billion collapse.

Appointed administrator, Todd Snyder, filed the lawsuit last February in a Manhattan court. 

It accuses Jane Street, its co-founder Robert Granieri, and employees Bryce Pratt and Michael Huang of using insider information to front-run transactions and profit from Terraform Labs’ fallout. 

Allegedly key to this was a Telegram group chat called “Bryce’s secret” set up by Pratt. The suit claims he used the group to relay information from various Terraform employees back to Jane Street.  

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At the time of filing, Jane Street claimed the suit was full of “baseless, opportunistic claims.” 

Read more: Do Kwon sentenced to 15 years for Terra/Luna fraud

It said, “This desperate suit is a transparent attempt to extract money when it’s well-established that the losses suffered by Terra (UST) and Luna (LUNA) holders were the result of a multibillion-dollar fraud perpetrated by the management of Terraform Labs.”

The lawsuit was mostly redacted but now, many of these redactions have been removed. Protos has compared the documents to reveal what’s new. 

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The unredacted claims in Terraform Labs lawsuit

The first set of unredacted lines introduces the group chat “Bryce’s secret,” and notes that it was a secret message chain named after a former Terraform intern and then-current Jane Street systems developer. 

It claims that the insider information allowed Jane Street to unwind hundreds of millions of dollars in potential exposure, “and then to short sell Terraform tokens to reap even more illicit profits.”

Unredacted lines claim Jane Street “made a killing.” The suit then claims that Jane Street, knowing it had used insider information, went on to delete all traces of the crypto wallet linking it to these trades.  

Jane Street was allegedly ‘hungry for defi info’

We’re also now able to see the claim that Jane Street was “very hungry for…defi info,” and that it sold the entirety of its UST holdings. It then allegedly “took short positions in UST and Luna to profit from the crash it helped catalyze.”

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Previously-redacted details about Pratt, Granieri, and Huang are then revealed. These note Granieri’s role in authorizing the alleged suspicious UST trades, and claim that he discussed the rescue of the Terraform ecosystem while learning material non-public information.

Pratt was allegedly involved in “acquiring and confirming information from Terraform and providing it to others at Jane Street.”

The suit also claims that Huang discussed decommissioning Jane Street’s wallet, was primarily responsible for executing relevant trades during UST’s 2022 depeg, and frequently received Pratt’s insider information. 

Later unredacted lines claim that Pratt was encouraged by others at the firm to leverage his connections at Terraform. 

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Lawsuit says Pratt was allegedly ‘adding colour’  

The newly-unredacted suit also claims that Jane Street staff discussed investing in Terraform and Luna Foundation Guard (LFG), and mulled over LFG’s $1 billion capital raise through an over-the-counter sale of LUNA. 

Employees — who remain redacted — asked how this was achieved, and if the deal had “a four-year lock and 24 participants, with an average price of $51/luna?”

The suit claims Huang was skeptical of the $51 price, and added Pratt to the discussion to “add some colour.” The suit also alleges that Pratt said, “Pricing around $51 sounds right according to my sources.” 

It adds that Pratt heard the raise was supposed to be $2 billion originally, and that the deal was supposed to be at a 40% discount before LUNA fell and various investors backed out. 

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Bryce’s secret is allegedly born

From here, unredacted lines claim that “Bryce’s secret” was made on February 22 with Pratt, Terraform Labs’ head of business development, and another unnamed Terraform employee. 

In one discussion, the employee and Pratt allegedly discussed a potential investor in Terraform Labs with the firm’s head of business development.

The suit details that the two were initially coy about the investor, but eventually the unnamed employee revealed to the head of business development that it was “Jane Streeeeeeeet.”

This allegedly piqued the Terraform business head’s interest. The suit notes they asked Pratt “what are you guys looking to do, besides otc,” and “can u market make ust?”

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Pratt then replies, “everything. Probably ya. If jump can legally do smtg we probs can too,” according to the suit. 

The lawsuit claims these discussions were “the beginning of near-constant communications between Jane Street and Terraform between February and May 2022 that revealed material non-public information.”

In another instance, the lawsuit notes that, as Jane Street and Terraform negotiated a LUNA purchase deal, Pratt was tasked with drafting a “terra explainer” for Jane Street that would summarise its operations. 

If Pratt was ever unsure about details, he would allegedly “ask [his] friends,” aka former Terraform Labs employees. 

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The suit also notes Pratt’s alleged insider knowledge was relied upon in March 2022 discussions about staking on Anchor. When the discussion shifts to shorting LUNA, Huang allegedly halts the discussion so Pratt can share his input, where he then appears to obtain more non-public information.

In March again, the lawsuit claims Pratt told Huang that crypto firm Celsius wanted to invest between $1-2 billion into LFG, but “Terra is probably going to say no.”

Pratt goes on to say that he doesn’t really know what Celsius does, and that “terra is super confused too.” 

Pratt allegedly sought insider info at wedding

The lawsuit notes that on April 1, Pratt told Huang and a redacted individual that  “if we can still get in on [Luna Foundation Guard]… it’s looking better and better.” 

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He added, “I am hopefully going to a wedding later this month which basically every Terra exec will be at, including obviously Do. Maybe I can talk to them there and see if we can do something :).”

Pratt also allegedly helped Jane Street understand non-public numbers surrounding the UST/LUNA mint-burn. 

Read more: The high-profile LUNA investors — from prime ministers to beauty queens

This allegedly involved Pratt leveraging his relationship with Terraform Labs’ head of research to confirm outdated sources. 

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Huang allegedly told Pratt, “I’m like kind of mad this isn’t just in their docs,” to which Pratt allegedly responded, “On the other hand shouldn’t you be slightly pleased that you have an informational advantage :’).”

Pratt also apparently shared with Huang in that same chat that, based on the info provided by the research head, “Jump makes an absolute killing off of MEV in Terra and that MEV in general should be very high priority for us.”

Lawsuit says Jane Street explored hirings to learn more about Terra

The lawsuit says Terraform’s head of research “was both providing and seeking information” and by March 2022, wanted Jane Street to hire him. One Jane Street employee allegedly wanted to hire him to learn more about Terraform Labs’ inner workings. 

Further unredacted lines note that Pratt tried to quash concerns that the firm’s wallet, positioned as the sixth largest, was a “red flag.”

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The suit alleges he said, “estimates I’ve heard from trusted sources put [hedge fund] Alameda’s Anchor deposits somewhere north of $1B.”

He then supposedly added, “Despite us being the 6th largest wallet, I think it’s very unlikely that we’re the 6th largest depositor.”

Jane Street allegedly made suspiciously timely UST sales

The next batch of unredacted lines detail Jane Street’s purchases of UST. 

According to the suit, Jane Street bought 10,000 UST on February 11, then one month later, another 10 million UST on Binance. 

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Afterwards, between April 1 and April 11, Jane Street is noted to have bought over 190 million UST on Binance. Altogether, the lawsuit says it owned ~$200 million worth of UST.

The suit then claims that it staked its UST with Anchor and began to earn 20% interest. 

From here, unredacted sections detail the run-up to Terraform’s UST depeg and Jane Street’s unstaking and selling of UST. The suit reveals how Jane Street carried out a test sale of $8 million worth of UST to test the peg’s stability in late April.  

It then held onto the rest of its UST until May 7, the day Terraform withdrew 150 million UST from the Curve3 liquidity pool without public disclosure.

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Jane Street exited its entire $192 million UST position that day.

An unredacted chart of Jane Street’s UST withdrawals.

Read more: How Jump Trading allegedly manipulated UST into collapse

The unredacted suit claims, “Jane Street leveraged its material nonpublic information about Terraform’s ecosystem to sell its UST at the most opportune moment.” 

“By selling all of its UST in one day, all effectively at its peg value of $1, Jane Street avoided the catastrophic losses that other investors, including the individual victims, suffered when UST collapsed to virtually $0 just days later.”

Lawsuit says Jane Street traders were nervous 

The unredacted sections then go on to explain how Jane Street began to short UST and LUNA based on non-public information. 

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Pratt allegedly learnt through Terraform’s head of research that Jump Trading would help Terraform Labs restore its UST peg, which was, by May 9, trading below $0.80.

He allegedly learned this by asking, “Y jump not doing their shit.”

On May 9, Jane Street co-founder, Granieri, allegedly forwarded on non-public information to fellow Jane Street traders that he learned from Jump Trading’s founder Bill DiSomma and CIO Dave Olsen.

This included efforts from Jump Trading to help Terraform Labs, and Jump’s request to Jane Street to also help bail Terraform Labs out and restore its peg. 

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Read more: How did so many Jane Street traders wind up at FTX?

He supposedly learned that Jump Trading would only invest $100-200 million to help Terraform Labs, and alleged that it would need at least $2 billion, or $5 billion to be saved. 

According to the lawsuit, Granieri said Jane Street would think about Jump’s request. Across that same day, and the next, the lawsuit claims Jane Street began shorting UST and LUNA for millions. 

Also alleged in the suit is that some Jane Street traders were concerned about trading on insider information. It added that one supposedly said he “understood that [material non-public information] didn’t really exist in crypto.”

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According to one unredacted line, “Jane Street unwound its short positions, pocketing over $19 million of profits on the UST short positions and over $115 million of profits on the Luna short positions.”

It had also allegedly placed another cheap option bet on LUNA that, if the UST depeg was ever restored, it would make Jane Street up to $180 billion by Huang’s estimates. 

The suit then details that Terraform Labs’ head of research was eventually offered a role after the collapse of UST. It notes that he joined, but Jane Street staff  were “unclear… whether he was also still working at Terraform at the time.”

Jane Street allegedly wanted to keep its ‘killer’ trades quiet 

Redacted sections also show that Jane Street was praised by a group of skilled on-chain analytics experts in the weeks that followed for the “killing” it made on its trades. 

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Rather than revel in the praise, the lawsuit claims that Huang “expressed anxiety at having been caught.” He allegedly guessed that the firm’s admirers were “friends with exchanges and someone leaked them our wallets at some point.”

One unredacted section details how news of a wallet involved in the depeg began to spook Huang, and that he discussed “affirmatively stripping information that would connect them to this wallet.”

This was despite Jane Street’s name not being publicly linked yet. 

Read more: Researcher ties Jane Street to notorious ‘Wallet A’ that helped depeg UST

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The unredacted document goes on to claim, “While it never publicly touted its involvement in the scheme, Jane Street has also never denied that it reaped massive profits from the collapse of UST due to its sales based on insider information.”

Other previously-redacted sections of the document recount specific details around unjust enrichment, market manipulation, insider trading, and other securities violations.  

Got a tip? Send us an email securely via Protos Leaks. For more informed news and investigations, follow us on XBluesky, and Google News, or subscribe to our YouTube channel.

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Ethereum sees 3 firms test HKDAP stablecoin

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Ethereum sees 3 firms test HKDAP stablecoin - 2

Hong Kong’s first officially approved HKD-backed stablecoin, HKDAP, has completed a live transfer test on Ethereum involving three licensed firms.

Summary

  • Anchorpoint Financial, OSL Group, and PantherTrade executed the test on Ethereum mainnet
  • HKDAP is pegged 1:1 to the Hong Kong dollar (“at par”)
  • Phased issuance is targeted by the end of Q2 2026
  • The project operates under Hong Kong Monetary Authority licensing

The transfer of Hong Kong’s HKD-backed stablecoin on Ethereum (ETH) demonstrates the regulator’s willingness to adopt innovative DeFi tooling.

According to a May 21 report, Anchorpoint Financial, one of the China’s first entities to secure a stablecoin issuer license from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), has successfuly tested the stablecoin alongside OSL Group and PantherTrade, a licensed trading platform backed by Futu Holdings.

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What does the HKDAP Ethereum test show?

The test confirms that HKDAP can be issued, transferred, and settled on a public blockchain without technical failure. This is not a sandbox simulation but a mainnet transaction, meaning the infrastructure is production-grade. That distinction matters because previous stablecoin pilots in Asia often remained confined to permissioned environments.

A spokesperson involved in the test said, “The successful mainnet transfer validates both the technical architecture and compliance framework for HKDAP ahead of issuance.” The quote underscores that regulatory approval and blockchain execution are being developed in parallel rather than sequentially.

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Why is Hong Kong pushing a regulated stablecoin?

Hong Kong’s approach contrasts sharply with the fragmented regulatory posture seen in the U.S. and parts of Europe. By licensing issuers like Anchorpoint Financial and requiring full backing of reserves, the HKMA is attempting to create a compliant alternative to offshore dollar-pegged stablecoins.

The HKDAP model is explicitly pegged 1:1 to the Hong Kong dollar, positioning it as a regional settlement layer rather than a global reserve asset like Bitcoin (BTC) or a programmable ecosystem token like Ethereum. However, deploying it on Ethereum allows immediate interoperability with DeFi protocols, wallets, and exchanges.

OSL Group’s involvement is also notable. As one of Hong Kong’s few licensed digital asset platforms, OSL provides a regulated on-ramp for institutional users. PantherTrade, backed by Futu Holdings, adds another layer of distribution, potentially linking traditional brokerage clients with on-chain assets.

According to analysts, the timing is also strategic. With phased issuance expected by the end of Q2 2026, HKDAP could become one of the first fully regulated fiat-backed stablecoins in Asia operating on a public blockchain. That would place it in direct competition with existing dollar-pegged assets while offering regulatory clarity that many global stablecoins lack.

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“Anchorpoint will issue the HKDAP (i.e. HKD At Par), a regulated Hong Kong dollar‑backed stablecoin, leveraging a business‑to‑business‑to‑consumer (B2B2C) model,” the joint venture said, adding that rollout will begin in the second quarter of 2026 and proceed in phases.

For context, stablecoins currently account for over $150 billion in circulating supply globally, with the majority denominated in U.S. dollars. Hong Kong’s move signals an attempt to localize that liquidity under its own monetary and regulatory system.

Ethereum sees 3 firms test HKDAP stablecoin - 2
B2B stablecoin payments: $ 221B in 2025. What’s next? Source: X.

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Blockchain.com files with SEC for U.S. IPO

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Blockchain.com wins UK registration nearly four years after abandoning FCA process

Blockchain.com said it confidentially filed paperwork with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for a proposed initial public offering (IPO).

The number of shares to be offered and the proposed price range have not yet been determined, according to an announcement on Thursday.

A confidential filing allows companies to begin the SEC review process before publicly disclosing financial details tied to the listing. The IPO remains subject to market conditions and completion of the SEC review process.

Blockchain.com is a cryptocurrency financial services company that offers a range of products tied to digital assets, including a crypto exchange, wallet services, institutional trading and lending products.

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The company held talks last year about going public in the U.S. through a merger with the a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), according to reports.

Crypto firms entered 2026 expecting a blockbuster year for IPOs after public debuts from companies including Circle (CRCL) and Bullish (BLSH) (the parent company of CoinDesk) helped reopen investors to digital-asset businesses last year.

But deteriorating market conditions, weaker trading volumes and disappointing post-listing performance from newly public companies like BitGo (BTGO) have since cooled investor appetite.

As a result, several major firms, including Payward, the parent company of crypto exchange Kraken, Ethereum app builder Consensys and hardware wallet maker Ledger, have either delayed or paused their IPO plans altogether while they wait for market conditions to improve.

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Aster price gains amid 300% volume spike – can it mirror HYPE rally?

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Aster cryptocurrency token placed on dollar banknotes and a desk with a trading chart rising in the background.
Aster cryptocurrency token placed on dollar banknotes and a desk with a trading chart rising in the background.
  • Aster price surged to $0.74 amid a 300% increase in 24-hour trading volume.
  • Rally aligns with broader capital rotation into altcoins led by Hyperliquid.
  • ASTER bulls need a close above $0.75 for continuation; a close below $0.65 would risk renewed selling.

Aster (ASTER) recorded modest gains, rising to near $0.74 as traders piled into multiple altcoins seen as offering higher profit potential amid Bitcoin’s ongoing struggle.

Although ASTER later pulled back from its peak, the move highlighted renewed speculative capital flowing into niche derivatives and decentralized perpetual markets.

ASTER price jumps amid 24-hour volume spike

The perpetual DEX protocol’s token may be benefiting from a broader rotation into altcoins and renewed interest in perpetuals-related listings, helping drive a triple-digit surge in daily trading volume.

Market data shows the ASTER token tested intraday highs near $0.74 before pulling back slightly amid profit-taking.

Aster price chart by CoinMarketCap

Before slipping to around $0.70, ASTER had climbed to levels last seen a week ago.

Bullish sentiment pushed 24-hour trading volume to roughly $256 million, up 300% from the previous day.

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That surge in activity helped bulls lift the token higher before profit-taking trimmed gains. At the time of writing, ASTER was still up about 5% on the day.

Can ASTER mirror Hyperliquid rally?

Strength in high-beta altcoins may partly explain Aster’s rebound, with broader capital rotation into altcoins particularly visible among perpetuals-focused projects.

The standout performer has been Hyperliquid, whose HYPE token has surged more than 19% over the past 24 hours and 46% over the past week.

HYPE reached a new all-time high above $62 on Thursday amid growing institutional demand.

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Asset manager Grayscale Investments was among the notable buyers, reportedly purchasing more than 115,700 HYPE during the session.

Liquidity and trader attention also appear to be flowing into Aster and related tokens.

The addition of a SpaceX pre-IPO perpetual contract with up to 5x leverage on Aster’s platform may have further fueled speculative inflows, as traders sought leveraged exposure to a headline-grabbing underlying asset.

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Aster price forecast

The near-term outlook for ASTER depends on whether the recent volume-driven rally can sustain momentum or fade into a short-lived breakout.

Bulls will need to maintain buying pressure and push the price decisively above the $0.75 resistance level.

A strong, volume-backed close above that threshold could increase the likelihood of further gains as momentum traders and retail investors continue chasing upside.

On the other hand, fading buyer interest could open the door to renewed downside pressure.

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A close below $0.65 may trigger additional selling as traders who entered during the spike begin rotating out, while short-term momentum traders turn bearish.

Key support levels to watch remain in the $0.65-$0.60 range, where previous intraday buyers established positions.

 

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