The think tank confirmed that it had not considered reforming the so-called veto on Executive formation, which allows parties to block or collapse devolved government arrangements.
A new report from the independent think tank Pivotal has called for significant structural reforms to the Stormont Assembly and Executive, warning that current arrangements are contributing to political stalemate and weak delivery on public services.
The report, Improving the institutions: suggested reforms to the Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive , published on Monday 15th June, argues that repeated collapses and dysfunction at Stormont have left health waiting lists, economic performance and public services under sustained pressure.
It comes after Sinn Féin, Alliance and the SDLP published their proposals for reform in recent months and ahead of the House of Commons Northern Ireland Affiars Committee hearing from political leaders on the topic of reform later this week.
Pivotal says government in Northern Ireland has been “beset with stalemates, dysfunction and collapses”, adding that decision-making has often been inadequate to meet the scale of the challenges facing the region.
The think tank also argues that too much Assembly time is spent on non-binding motions, while insufficient attention is given to scrutiny of legislation and delivery-focused work.
The research draws on ten anonymised interviews with former ministers, MLAs, special advisers and senior officials. While views differed on specific reforms, Pivotal says there was broad agreement that structural changes could improve performance.
However, the report deliberately does not address the removal of the veto on Executive formation, arguing there is insufficient political consensus for such a significant constitutional change.
Assembly reforms
Among the recommendations for the Assembly, the report suggests introducing dedicated “bill committees” to scrutinise legislation on an ad hoc basis, arguing that existing statutory committees are overburdened and do not always provide detailed scrutiny of legislation.
It also calls for increased resourcing of the Official Opposition, which Pivotal says is currently operating at a disadvantage compared with the Executive. Strengthening opposition resources, it argues, could improve accountability and encourage more parties to opt out of government roles.
Other proposals include limiting the number of non-binding Private Members’ motions debated in the chamber, and changing how the Speaker is elected. The report suggests replacing the current cross-community vote requirement with a two-thirds majority to reduce the risk of deadlock.
Executive reforms
On the Executive, the report recommends a series of changes to the D’Hondt system used to allocate ministerial and committee roles.
These include bringing the Justice Ministry into the D’Hondt process, running D’Hondt as a single unified system for both ministerial and committee appointments, and introducing a minimum seat threshold for parties to qualify for Executive office.
It also proposes the creation of Executive sub-committees to resolve disputes on complex or cross-cutting issues before they reach full Executive meetings.
In addition, it calls for stronger enforcement of the “three-meeting rule”, which prevents papers being blocked indefinitely, and for renewed emphasis on the Programme for Government, the budget and the legislative programme as the core pillars of governance.
The report suggests some reforms could be implemented before the next Assembly election, including increased opposition resourcing, enforcement of the three-meeting rule and stronger alignment between budgeting and the Programme for Government.
Culture as well as structures
Alongside institutional change, Pivotal stresses that political culture is also central to improving Stormont’s performance, pointing to the importance of trust, cooperation and shared responsibility between ministers.
The report suggests that even well-designed reforms will struggle to succeed without improvements in working relationships.
It also notes that previous administrations, including the Paisley/McGuinness and Robinson/McGuinness periods, were cited by interviewees as examples where stronger leadership and better relationships led to more effective decision-making.
‘Crucial time’ for institutions
Director of Ann Watt said the findings come at a “crucial time” for Northern Ireland politics.
“This is a crucial time for politics in Northern Ireland. Public services are struggling, finances are tight, and there are many significant social and economic challenges that need to be addressed,” she said.
Ann Watt added that decision-making at Stormont has been “inadequate” in recent years, and argued that the report’s proposals could help “kick-start discussions” on how the institutions might be improved.
She also warned that structural reform alone would not resolve underlying political difficulties.
“Adjusting the structures of the Assembly and Executive is not a cure all,” she said. “Some of the biggest problems in Stormont today are cultural.”
No change to Executive veto
The think tank also confirmed that it had not considered reforming the so-called veto on Executive formation, which allows parties to block or collapse devolved government arrangements.
It said there is currently no consensus among major parties on such a change, and that its focus was instead on reforms that might attract broader agreement.
The report concludes that meaningful reform will require cross-party support, and argues that changes to both structures and political culture will be needed if Stormont is to operate more effectively in future.
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